Ring-diagram summations in the finite-temperature effective potential

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Carrington
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Effective Potential ◽  
Finite Temperature ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
First Order ◽  
Ring Diagram ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The One

There has been much recent interest in the finite-temperature effective potential of the standard model in the context of the electroweak phase transition. We review the calculation of the effective potential with particular emphasis on the validity of the expansions that are used. The presence of a term that is cubic in the Higgs condensate in the one-loop effective potential appears to indicate a first-order electroweak phase transition. However, in the high-temperature regime, the infrared singularities inherent in massless models produce cubic terms that are of the same order in the coupling. In this paper, we discuss the inclusion of an infinite set of these terms via the ring-diagram summation, and show that the standard model has a first-order phase transition in the weak coupling expansion.

scholarly journals Mapping the shape of the scalar potential with gravitational waves

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (33) ◽  
pp. 1950223
Author(s):  
Mikael Chala ◽  
Valentin V. Khoze ◽  
Michael Spannowsky ◽  
Philip Waite
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Order Phase Transition ◽  
Effective Potential ◽  
Scalar Potential ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
First Order Phase

We study the dependence of the observable stochastic gravitational wave background induced by a first-order phase transition on the global properties of the scalar effective potential in particle physics. The scalar potential can be that of the Standard Model Higgs field, or more generally of any scalar field responsible for a spontaneous symmetry breaking in beyond-the-Standard-Model settings that provide for a first-order phase transition in the early universe. Characteristics of the effective potential include the relative depth of the true minimum [Formula: see text], the height of the barrier that separates it from the false one [Formula: see text] and the separation between the two minima in field space [Formula: see text], all at the bubble nucleation temperature. We focus on a simple yet quite general class of single-field polynomial potentials, with parameters being varied over several orders of magnitude. It is then shown that gravitational wave observatories such as aLIGO O5, BBO, DECIGO and LISA are mostly sensitive to values of these parameters in the region [Formula: see text]. Finally, relying on well-defined models and using our framework, we demonstrate how to obtain the gravitational wave spectra for potentials of various shapes without necessarily relying on dedicated software packages.

scholarly journals RING DIAGRAMS AND ELECTROWEAK PHASE TRANSITION IN A MAGNETIC FIELD

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 349-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR SKALOZUB ◽  
MICHAEL BORDAG
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Effective Potential ◽  
W Bosons ◽  
Boson Mass ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
First Order ◽  
Ring Diagram ◽  
The One

Electroweak phase transition in a magnetic field is investigated within the one-loop and ring diagram contributions to the effective potential in the minimal Standard Model. All fundamental fermions and bosons are included with their actual values of masses and the Higgs boson mass is considered in the range 75 GeV ≤ mH ≤ 115 GeV . The effective potential is real at sufficiently high temperature. The important role of fermions and W-bosons in symmetry behavior is observed. It is found that the phase transition for the field strengths 1023-1024 G is of first order but the baryogenesis condition is not satisfied. The comparison with the hypermagnetic field case is done.

scholarly journals Upper limit on first-order electroweak phase transition strength

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
pp. 2150024
Author(s):  
Shehu AbdusSalam ◽  
Mohammad Javad Kazemi ◽  
Layla Kalhor
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Baryon Number ◽  
Transition Strength ◽  
Bubble Wall ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
First Order Phase

For a cosmological first-order electroweak phase transition, requiring no sphaleron washout of baryon number violating processes leads to a lower bound on the strength of the transition. The velocity of the boundary between the phases, the so-called bubble wall, can become ultrarelativistic if the friction due to the plasma of particles is not sufficient to retard the wall’s acceleration. This bubble “runaway” should not occur if a successful baryon asymmetry generation due to the transition is required. Using Boedeker–Moore criterion for bubble wall runaway, within the context of an extension of the Standard Model of particle physics with a real gauge-single scalar field, we show that a nonrunaway transition requirement puts an upper bound on the strength of the first-order phase transition.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE ELECTROWEAK PHASE TRANSITION AND BARYOGENESIS

2000 ◽  
Vol 09 (06) ◽  
pp. 733-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARIEL MÉGEVAND
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Order Phase Transition ◽  
Effective Potential ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Higgs Field ◽  
Small Interval ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
First Order Phase

We investigate the evolution of the electroweak phase transition, using a one-Higgs effective potential that can be regarded as an approximation for the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. The phase transition occurs in a small interval around a temperature Tt below the critical one. We calculate this temperature as a function of the parameters of the potential and of a damping coefficient related to the viscosity of the plasma. The parameters that are relevant for baryogenesis, such as the velocity and thickness of the walls of bubbles and the value of the Higgs field inside them, change significantly in the range of temperatures where the first-order phase transition can occur. However, we find that in the likely interval for Tt there is no significant variation of these parameters. Furthermore, the temperature Tt is in general not far below the temperature at which bubbles begin to nucleate.

Scale-genesis — Origin of gravitational waves

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (31) ◽  
pp. 1844019
Author(s):  
Jisuke Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Order Phase Transition ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Background Spectrum ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
First Order Phase

We consider two realistic models for a scale invariant extension of the standard model, which couples with a hidden non-Abelian gauge sector. At energies around TeV, the hidden sector becomes strongly interacting, thereby generating a robust energy scale, which is transferred to the standard model sector, triggering the electroweak symmetry breaking. At a finite temperature, i.e. in the early Universe, the generation of the robust energy scale appears as a strong first-order phase transition. We calculate the gravitational wave background spectrum for both models, which is produced by the first-order phase transition. We compare the results with the experimental sensitivity of LISA and DECIGO and find the gravitational wave signal may be detected at DECIGO.

scholarly journals Symmetry Restoration and Breaking at Finite Temperature: An Introductory Review

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eibun Senaha
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Finite Temperature ◽  
Electroweak Symmetry ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
First Order ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
First Order Phase

Symmetries at finite temperature are of great importance to understand dynamics of spontaneous symmetry breaking phenomena, especially phase transitions in early Universe. Some symmetries such as the electroweak symmetry can be restored in hot environment. However, it is a nontrivial question that the phase transition occurs via first or second order, or even smooth crossover, which strongly depends on underlying physics. If it is first order, gravitational waves can be generated, providing a detectable signal of this epoch. Moreover, the baryon asymmetry of the Universe can also arise under some conditions. In this article, the electroweak phase transition is reviewed, focusing particularly on the case of the first-order phase transition. Much attention is paid to multi-step phase transitions in which additional symmetry breaking such as a spontaneous Z 2 breaking plays a pivotal role in broadening the possibility of the first-order electroweak phase transition. On the technical side, we review thermal resummation that mitigates a bad infrared behavior related to the symmetry restoration. In addition, gauge and scheme dependences of perturbative calculations are also briefly discussed.

scholarly journals A new perspective on the electroweak phase transition in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Eliel Camargo-Molina ◽  
Rikard Enberg ◽  
Johan Löfgren
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Effective Field Theory ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Quartic Coupling ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Standard Model

Abstract A first-order Electroweak Phase Transition (EWPT) could explain the observed baryon-antibaryon asymmetry and its dynamics could yield a detectable gravitational wave signature, while the underlying physics would be within the reach of colliders. The Standard Model, however, predicts a crossover transition. We therefore study the EWPT in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) including dimension-six operators. A first-order EWPT has previously been shown to be possible in the SMEFT. Phenomenology studies have focused on scenarios with a tree-level barrier between minima, which requires a negative Higgs quartic coupling and a new physics scale low enough to raise questions about the validity of the EFT approach. In this work we stress that a first-order EWPT is also possible when the barrier between minima is generated radiatively, the quartic coupling is positive, the scale of new physics is higher, and there is good agreement with experimental bounds. Our calculation is done in a consistent, gauge-invariant way, and we carefully analyze the scaling of parameters necessary to generate a barrier in the potential. We perform a global fit in the relevant parameter space and explicitly find the points with a first-order transition that agree with experimental data. We also briefly discuss the prospects for probing the allowed parameter space using di-Higgs production in colliders.

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