Climatologies of mean winds and tides observed by medium frequency radars at Tromsø (70°N) and Saskatoon (52°N) during 1987–1989

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 966-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Manson ◽  
C. E. Meek
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Medium Frequency ◽  
Partial Reflection ◽  
Modal Composition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Data Yield ◽  
Partial Reflection Radar ◽  
Mf Radar

A real-time winds system from Saskatoon has operated with the Tromsø medium frequency (MF) (partial reflection) radar (70°N, 20°E) since mid-1987. Although the system has a poorer data yield than usual, owing to smaller receiving antennas, it has proven possible over 2 years to obtain 12 month climatologies of mean winds and tides (70–75 to 100 km) with a 10 d resolution. These are compared with similar products from the Saskatoon MF radar (52°N, 107°W). The mean winds and tides generally show similar seasonal morphologies. However the mean winds are weaker, consistent with smaller meridional temperature gradients. Also, there are significant changes in the tidal wavelengths and amplitudes suggesting that considerable adjustments of modal composition have occurred. The tides are compared with recent numerical-theoretical models.

scholarly journals Electrical stimulator with mechanomyography-based real-time monitoring, muscle fatigue detection, and safety shut-off: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-468
Author(s):  
Jannatul Naeem ◽  
Nur Azah Hamzaid ◽  
Amelia Wong Azman ◽  
Manfred Bijak
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Clear Indication ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electrical Stimulator ◽  
Fatigue Detection

AbstractFunctional electrical stimulation (FES) has been used to produce force-related activities on the paralyzed muscle among spinal cord injury (SCI) individuals. Early muscle fatigue is an issue in all FES applications. If not properly monitored, overstimulation can occur, which can lead to muscle damage. A real-time mechanomyography (MMG)-based FES system was implemented on the quadriceps muscles of three individuals with SCI to generate an isometric force on both legs. Three threshold drop levels of MMG-root mean square (MMG-RMS) feature (thr50, thr60, and thr70; representing 50%, 60%, and 70% drop from initial MMG-RMS values, respectively) were used to terminate the stimulation session. The mean stimulation time increased when the MMG-RMS drop threshold increased (thr50: 22.7 s, thr60: 25.7 s, and thr70: 27.3 s), indicating longer sessions when lower performance drop was allowed. Moreover, at thr70, the torque dropped below 50% from the initial value in 14 trials, more than at thr50 and thr60. This is a clear indication of muscle fatigue detection using the MMG-RMS value. The stimulation time at thr70 was significantly longer (p = 0.013) than that at thr50. The results demonstrated that a real-time MMG-based FES monitoring system has the potential to prevent the onset of critical muscle fatigue in individuals with SCI in prolonged FES sessions.

scholarly journals Feasibility study of real-time online text-based CBT to support self-management for people with type 1 diabetes: the Diabetes On-line Therapy (DOT) Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001934
Author(s):  
Anne M Doherty ◽  
Anne Herrmann-Werner ◽  
Arann Rowe ◽  
Jennie Brown ◽  
Scott Weich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Diabetes Distress ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Distress Scale

IntroductionThis study examines the feasibility of conducting diabetes-focused cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) via a secure online real-time instant messaging system intervention to support self-management and improve glycemic control in people with type 1 diabetes.Research design and methodsWe used a pre–post uncontrolled intervention design over 12 months. We recruited adults with type 1 diabetes and suboptimal glycemic control (HbA1c ≥69 mmol/mol (DCCT 8.5%) for 12 months) across four hospitals in London. The intervention comprised 10 sessions of diabetes-focused CBT delivered by diabetes specialist nurses. The primary outcomes were number of eligible patients, rates of recruitment and follow-up, number of sessions completed and SD of the main outcome measure, change in HbA1c over 12 months. We measured the feasibility of collecting secondary outcomes, that is, depression measured using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), anxiety measured Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS).ResultsWe screened 3177 patients, of whom 638 were potentially eligible, from whom 71 (11.1%) were recruited. The mean age was 28.1 (13.1) years, and the mean HbA1c was 84.6 mmol/mol (17.8), DCCT 9.9%. Forty-six (65%) patients had at least 1 session and 29 (41%) completed all sessions. There was a significant reduction in HbA1c over 12 months (mean difference −6.2 (2.3) mmol/mol, DCCT 0.6%, p=0.038). The change scores in PHQ-9, GAD and DDS also improved.ConclusionsIt would be feasible to conduct a full-scale text-based synchronized real-time diabetes-focused CBT as an efficacy randomized controlled trial.

scholarly journals Utilization of laser interstitial thermotherapy guided by real-time thermal MRI as an alternative to separation surgery in the management of spinal metastasis

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio E. Tatsui ◽  
R. Jason Stafford ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Jonathan N. Sellin ◽  
Behrang Amini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Spinal Metastasis ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Interstitial Thermotherapy

OBJECT High-grade malignant spinal cord compression is commonly managed with a combination of surgery aimed at removing the epidural tumor, followed by spinal stereotactic radiosurgery (SSRS) aimed at local tumor control. The authors here introduce the use of spinal laser interstitial thermotherapy (SLITT) as an alternative to surgery prior to SSRS. METHODS Patients with a high degree of epidural malignant compression due to radioresistant tumors were selected for study. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain and quality of life were obtained before and within 30 and 60 days after treatment. A laser probe was percutaneously placed in the epidural space. Real-time thermal MRI was used to monitor tissue damage in the region of interest. All patients received postoperative SSRS. The maximum thickness of the epidural tumor was measured, and the degree of epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) was scored in pre- and postprocedure MRI. RESULTS In the 11 patients eligible for study, the mean VAS score for pain decreased from 6.18 in the preoperative period to 4.27 within 30 days and 2.8 within 60 days after the procedure. A similar VAS interrogating the percentage of quality of life demonstrated improvement from 60% preoperatively to 70% within both 30 and 60 days after treatment. Imaging follow-up 2 months after the procedure demonstrated a significant reduction in the mean thickness of the epidural tumor from 8.82 mm (95% CI 7.38–10.25) before treatment to 6.36 mm (95% CI 4.65–8.07) after SLITT and SSRS (p = 0.0001). The median preoperative ESCC Grade 2 was scored as 4, which was significantly higher than the score of 2 for Grade 1b (p = 0.04) on imaging follow-up 2 months after the procedure. CONCLUTIONS The authors present the first report on an innovative minimally invasive alternative to surgery in the management of spinal metastasis. In their early experience, SLITT has provided local control with low morbidity and improvement in both pain and the quality of life of patients.

CHANGES IN THE RESTING POTENTIAL OF SKELETAL MUSCLE IN RATS WITH COLD ACCLIMATION

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 791-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Sherebrin ◽  
A. C. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis ◽  
Main Factor

The resting potential of single cells in the flexor thigh muscles of rats was measured in an attempt to find a change in the electrical properties of the cell membrane with cold acclimation, in order to identify and relate metabolic changes occurring with non-shivering thermogenesis. The mean resting potential of cells in cold-acclimated rats was found to be slightly but significantly higher than in the controls. A larger temperature gradient with depth was measured in the cold-acclimated animals than in the controls. If the Q10 of resting potential with temperature is as great as 1.16, the higher potential in the cold-acclimated rats may be accounted for by this temperature difference. The resting potential was also found to vary with depth in both groups of rats. This could not be attributed to temperature gradients, and change from red to white muscle cells with depth is thought to be the main factor for the increase of potential with depth.

Topographic Analysis of Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SVEPs) in The Medium Frequency Range in Migraine With and Without Aura

Cephalalgia ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco M Puca ◽  
Marina de Tommaso ◽  
Maria A Savarese ◽  
Sergio Genco ◽  
Addolorata Prudenzano
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Medium Frequency ◽  
Topographic Analysis ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
Interhemispheric Coherence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Medium Frequency Range ◽  
Student’S T Test

Topographic analysis of SVEPs in the medium frequencies range was performed in 30 migraineurs without aura, 20 migraineurs with aura and in 20 control subjects. The mean absolute power values of the fundamental component F1, the subharmonic F1/2 and the first harmonic F2, corrected by logarithmic transformation, were computed in each group and then compared using Student's t-test. The interhemispheric coherence of the F1 component was also evaluated. The 18, 21 and 27 Hz F1 components were increased in both migraineurs with and without aura, particularly in the temporo-parietal regions. The 24 Hz F1 component was augmented only in migraineurs without aura in the parieto-occipital regions in comparison with migraineurs with aura and controls. Migraine with aura patients had a reduced interhemispheric coherence mostly of 12 Hz and 15 Hz F1 components in frontal and temporo-parietal regions. Results of the study confirm abnormalities of SVEPs in migraineurs with and without aura. These consist of widespread increases of F1 components in the medium frequency range over the temporo-parietal regions.

scholarly journals MESOSPHERIC ELECTRIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS WITH A PARTIAL REFLECTION RADAR

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
S.I Martynenko ◽  
V.T. Rozumenko ◽  
A.M. Tsymbal ◽  
O.F. Tyrnov ◽  
A.M. Gokov
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Partial Reflection ◽  
Electric Field Measurements ◽  
Partial Reflection Radar

scholarly journals ORAL HIV-ASSOCIATED KAPOSI SARCOMA: A COMPARISON BETWEEN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND qPCR TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF HHV8

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Priscila Lie Tobouti ◽  
Juliana Seo ◽  
Michella Bezerra Lima ◽  
Bruno Tavares Sedassari ◽  
Norberto Nobuo Sugaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Extraction Protocol ◽  
Simple Phenol ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
The Mean

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the diagnostic accuracy of immunohistochemistry compared to real-time PCR (using a simple phenol-chloroform DNA extraction protocol) in the detection of HHV8 in small oral biopsies of Kaposi sarcoma. Also to validate the use of this DNA extraction protocol to extract HHV8 DNA.</p><p><strong>Material and methods:</strong> Seventeen cases of oral KS were examined. Data including gender, age, and anatomic location were obtained from patient´s records and histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect HHV8 in lesions of interest, as well as real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the patients were HIV positive, the mean age was 35.5 years old, and the affected oral sites were palate (47%), gingiva (29.4%), tongue (11.8%), lip (5.9%), and oral floor (5.9%). Fifteen samples showed positive staining for HHV8 and only two samples were negative. The same results were observed using real-time PCR HHV8-DNA detection.</p><p><strong>Relevance: </strong>Our findings suggest that immunohistochemistry is faster and cheaper to perform than real-time PCR and was shown to have similar levels of sensitivity and accuracy for detection of HHV8 even in small biopsies. Additionally DNA extraction using a non-commercial kit, as done in this study can further reduce the costs to a pathology service.</p>

scholarly journals Development of a High-Throughput Quantitative Assay for Detecting Herpes Simplex Virus DNA in Clinical Samples

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1941-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Ryncarz ◽  
James Goddard ◽  
Anna Wald ◽  
Meei-Li Huang ◽  
Bernard Roizman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Simplex Virus

We have developed a high-throughput, semiautomated, quantitative fluorescence-based PCR assay to detect and type herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in clinical samples. The detection assay, which uses primers to the type-common region of HSV glycoprotein B (gB), was linear from <10 to 108 copies of HSV DNA/20 μl of sample. Among duplicate samples in reproducibility runs, the assay showed less than 5% variability. We compared the fluorescence-based PCR assay with culture and gel-based liquid hybridization system with 335 genital tract specimens from HSV type 2 (HSV-2)-seropositive persons attending a research clinic and 380 consecutive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples submitted to a diagnostic virology laboratory. Among the 162 culture-positive genital tract specimens, TaqMan PCR was positive for 157 (97%) specimens, whereas the quantitative-competitive PCR was positive for 144 (89%) specimens. Comparisons of the mean titer of HSV DNA detected by the two assays revealed that the mean titer detected by the gel-based system was slightly higher (median, 1 log). These differences in titers were in part related to the fivefold difference in the amount of HSV DNA used in the amplicon standards with the two assays. Among the 380 CSF samples, 42 were positive by both assays, 13 were positive only by the assay with the agarose gel, and 3 were positive only by the assay with the fluorescent probe. To define the subtype of HSV DNA detected in the screening assay, we also designed one set of primers which amplifies the gG regions of both types of HSV and probes which are specific to either HSV-1 (gG1) or HSV-2 (gG2). These probes were labeled with different fluorescent dyes (6-carboxyfluorescein for gG2 and 6-hexachlorofluorescein for gG1) to enable detection in a single PCR. In mixing experiments the probes discriminated the correct subtype in mixtures with up to a 7-log-higher concentration of the opposite subtype. The PCR typing results showed 100% concordance with the results obtained by assays with monoclonal antibodies against HSV-1 or HSV-2. Thus, while the real-time PCR is slightly less sensitive than the gel-based liquid hybridization system, the high throughput, the lack of contamination during processing, the better reproducibility, and the better ability to type the isolates rapidly make the real-time PCR a valuable tool for clinical investigation and diagnosis of HSV infection.

scholarly journals Real-time diameter of the fetal aorta from ultrasound

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 6735-6744
Author(s):  
Nicoló Savioli ◽  
Enrico Grisan ◽  
Silvia Visentin ◽  
Erich Cosmi ◽  
Giovanni Montana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Execution Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temporal Redundancy ◽  
Gated Recurrent Unit

AbstractThe automatic analysis of ultrasound sequences can substantially improve the efficiency of clinical diagnosis. This article presents an attempt to automate the challenging task of measuring the vascular diameter of the fetal abdominal aorta from ultrasound images. We propose a neural network architecture consisting of three blocks: a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the extraction of imaging features, a convolution gated recurrent unit (C-GRU) for exploiting the temporal redundancy of the signal, and a regularized loss function, called CyclicLoss, to impose our prior knowledge about the periodicity of the observed signal. The solution is investigated with a cohort of 25 ultrasound sequences acquired during the third-trimester pregnancy check, and with 1000 synthetic sequences. In the extraction of features, it is shown that a shallow CNN outperforms two other deep CNNs with both the real and synthetic cohorts, suggesting that echocardiographic features are optimally captured by a reduced number of CNN layers. The proposed architecture, working with the shallow CNN, reaches an accuracy substantially superior to previously reported methods, providing an average reduction of the mean squared error from 0.31 (state-of-the-art) to 0.09 $$\mathrm{mm}^2$$mm2, and a relative error reduction from 8.1 to 5.3%. The mean execution speed of the proposed approach of 289 frames per second makes it suitable for real-time clinical use.

Identifying useful real-time control parameters in ozonation process

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-P. Yu ◽  
Y.-H. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Reactor Outlet ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
State Curve

Industrial wastewaters that contain phenolic compounds are resistant to biodegradation and need preoxidation to improve their biodegradabilities. Preoxidation of these wastewaters by using ozone as the chemical oxidant has been found previously to be quite effective in promoting their biodegradability. In combined ozonation and biological processes, if we want to stop ozonation at the optimum condition (i.e. the maximum biodegradability), a biodegradation test is required. Since biodegradation tests such as BOD/TOC and oxygen uptake would take a long time, we could not know the time to stop ozonation immediately. This study was undertaken to identify process parameters (pH, ORP, ozone concentration in water, ozone gas concentration at the reactor outlet) that could be useful for monitoring and real-time control purposes in ozonation processes. We want to correlate these parameters with biodegradability and intermediates formed in ozonation processes. Results showed that the rapid increase of dissolved ozone and the first plateau termination of off-gas ozone concentrations are good indicators for the depletion of p-nitrophenol, the maximum of biodegradability and the elimination of toxicity. From the mean oxidation state curve, ozonation of p-nitrophenol could be divided into three stages, and a similar pattern could also be observed in ORP profiles. From the results of this research, the application of ozone concentration and ORP profiles as real-time control parameters seems promising.

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