Acoustic radiation from thin rods in water

The ultrasound pressure distribution produced by end-excited stainless-steel rods immersed in water has been investigated. Rod diameters of 0.238 and 0.319 cm were tested at frequencies between 1.0 and 3.5 MHz. Immersion depths up to 10 cm were studied. Semiperiodic patterns were observed along the rods, with repetition lengths of 0.6 and 1.1 cm. Fast Fourier-transform analysis of the patterns showed the presence of three spatial frequencies interpreted to be the lowest mode longitudinal wave, Rayleigh-type surface waves, and the Stoneley wave propagating in the liquid.