Formation and dissociation of , , and ions by ruby laser radiation

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 976-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Wagner ◽  
N. R. Isenor
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Ruby Laser ◽  
Multiphoton Ionization ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Laser Polarization ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
State Dissociation

Multiphoton ionization of K2, Rb2, and Cs2 in beam conditions by pulsed ruby laser radiation (λ = 6946.0 Å, pulse duration ~10 ns) and subsequent dissociation of the dimer ions by one or more additional photons have been observed. Ground-state dissociation energies of these ionic species have been determined directly from the time of flight of the dissociation fragment pairs, and from the use of retarding potentials, to be [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. These observed values have been compared with the theoretical and experimental work of other authors. Our results for the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ions are the first direct measurements of their ground-state dissociation energies. The effect of laser polarization on the dissociation mechanism has also been experimentally investigated.

Formation and dissociation of by ruby laser radiation

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wagner ◽  
N. R. Isenor
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Dissociation Energy ◽  
Atomic Beam ◽  
Ruby Laser ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Laser Polarization ◽  
Axis Orientation

The formation and dissociation of [Formula: see text] in an atomic beam by ruby laser radiation have been observed. Values of the dissociation energy of [Formula: see text] have been determined by the time of flight of the resulting Na+ ions and the potential needed to stop them. These results, with a mean of 1.02 ± 0.09 eV, have been compared with the calculated and observed values of others. The effects of laser polarization vs. dimer axis orientation have been clearly demonstrated.

Multiphoton ionization of Li at the ruby laser wavelength

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1770-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wagner ◽  
N. R. Isenor
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Atomic Beam ◽  
Ruby Laser ◽  
Multiphoton Ionization ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Laser Wavelength ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Photon Process

Ionization of Li resulting from the interaction of pulsed single-mode (λ = 694.60 ± 0.05 nm, TEM00) ruby laser radiation with an atomic beam was observed. The results can be interpreted in terms of a four-photon process with three-photon resonances with levels in the vicinity of the 19P and 20P Rydberg levels of the unperturbed atom. Both linearly and circularly polarized light were used. The results are compared with the calculated results of others.

Diatomic molecule ground state dissociation energies

1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shafi ◽  
Charles L. Beckel ◽  
Ray Engelke
Keyword(s):  
Diatomic Molecule ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
State Dissociation

scholarly journals Uv Multiphoton Induced Chemistry of Nitrobenzene in Solution

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Belbruno ◽  
Gary Siuzdak ◽  
Simon North
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Laser Intensity ◽  
Multiphoton Ionization ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Triplet Level ◽  
Vibrationally Excited ◽  
Ground State Molecule

The technique of Multiphoton Induced Chemistry (MPIC) has been employed to initiate ion-molecule chemistry of organic molecules in solution. We report one of the first examples of the use of liquid phase multiphoton ionization (MPI) to prepare organic cations, which then react with the solvent in ionmolecule processes. The products obtained in this chemical sequence are significantly different from those observed in conventional or multiphoton-induced neutral chemistry in the same solvent. The particular example explored in this work is the reactivity of the nitrobenzene cation in methanol solvent. Products of the ion-molecule chemistry, detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, are phenol and benzyl alcohol. These products depend upon the square of the laser intensity. It is shown by ionization current measurements in a conductance cell, that ionic species are produced as precursors to the observed products. The implications of this application of MPI are briefly discussed. A preliminary report on the unimolecular chemistry of the highly excited neutral molecule is also included. The product of this channel is nitrosobenzene. It is shown, in this case, that the reactive state is most likely a highly vibrationally excited ground state molecule, not the lowest triplet level invoked in conventional photochemistry.

Ultraviolet photodissociation dynamics of PCl3 at 235 nm: three-dimensional ion imaging and theoretical analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Chichinin ◽  
Christof Maul ◽  
Karl-Heinz Gericke
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Multiphoton Ionization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ion Imaging ◽  
Ultraviolet Photodissociation

The photodissociation dynamics of PCl3 at 235 nm has been studied by monitoring ground state Cl(2P3/2) and spin-orbitally excited Cl(2P1/2) atoms by resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization(REMPI). Also, the PCl+n (n=0,1,2)...

scholarly journals The thermochemistry of carbon: valence states, heats of sublimation and energies of linkage

1946 ◽  
Vol 187 (1010) ◽  
pp. 337-357 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Electronic Configuration ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
True Value ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Chemical Combination ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Order ◽  
Unambiguous Assignment ◽  
Apparent Conflict

The controversy which exists at the present time between the figures 125 and 170 kcal./g.- atom for the latent heat of sublimation of carbon into monatomic vapour in the ground state originates largely from the neglect to take into consideration the energy required to raise the carbon atoms from the ground ( 3 P ) state to the lowest tetravalent ( 5 S ) electronic configuration corresponding to that in which it is normally found in chemical combination. Consideration of the energies of removal of a hydrogen atom from the methane and ethane molecules and of the energies of reorganization of the resulting radicals leads to the figure 190 ± about 10 kcal. for L 2 , the heat of sublimation into free atoms in the 5 S state. This in turn leads to a satisfactory and unambiguous assignment of values to bond energies (as distinct from dissociation energies) which can now be expressed with an uncertainty of not more than a few kcal. In the light of the valency distinction there remains no sound evidence to maintain the higher value put forward for L 1 and 125 kcal. is unquestionably of the right order. There are strong indications that an earlier estimate of 100 kcal. for the energy level of the 5 S state above the 3 P (ground) state is about 50 % in excess of the true value. The necessity for establishing this branch of thermochemistry on a sound theoretical and experimental footing has long been a very obvious need. The scheme here suggested reconciles points hitherto in apparent conflict, and brings virtually all established experimental knowledge into alignment.

scholarly journals High Resolution Photoionization Spectrum of HBr Measured With Frequency Tripled Laser Radiation

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Munakata ◽  
Tadahiko Mizukuki ◽  
Akira Misu ◽  
Motowo Tsukakoshi ◽  
Takahiro Kasuya
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Rydberg Series ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Ionization Limit ◽  
Photoionization Spectrum

The photoionization spectrum of HBr around the first ionization limit was measured at resolution of up to 5 x 10−4 nm. The ionizing vacuum ultraviolet radiation was generated by frequency tripling of the second harmonic output of a dye laser. Three sets of Rydberg series, each converging to the ground state (2Π3/2) of HBr+, were observed on the longer wavelength side of the ionization limit. By extrapolation of the Rydberg series, the ionization potential of HBr was determined to be 11.666 ± 0.001 eV.

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