The study of the deuteron electromagnetic form factors based on the quark cluster model is reviewed. The deuteron wave function is derived from a microscopic quark Hamiltonian with the help of the Resonating Group Method. One-pion and one-gluon exchange potentials are included in addition to a quadratic confinement potential. The photon is coupled directly to the quarks. Aside from the one-body impulse current, pion and gluon exchange currents are included on the quark level. Due to the Pauli principle on the quark level, new electromagnetic currents arise which are not present on the nucleon level. These currents, called quark exchange currents, describe processes in which a photon couples to a quark or a pair of quarks interacting via gluon or pion exchange and which are accompanied by a simultaneous quark interchange between the two threequark clusters (nucleons). They are small for low momentum transfers but appreciably influence the electromagnetic structure of the deuteron beyond a momentum transfer of q=5 fm−1. The discussion is extended to the magnetic moments of 15N, 17O and 39K by introducing the quark exchange currents as effective operators on the nucleon level. The quark exchange currents written in terms of nonlocal and spin-isospin dependent nuclear operators are effective only at short distances. They are evaluated with shell-model (harmonic oscillator) wave functions including the (short-range) Brueckner correlations. The Bethe-Goldstone equation is solved with our effective NN potential, which is derived from a microscopic quark Hamiltonian. The quark exchange currents shift the isovector magnetic moment of 39K by −20% from its Schmidt value.
The role of the Heisenberg principle in constrained molecular dynamics model