Sensitivity of Nuclear Emulsion at Very Low Temperature

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (19) ◽  
pp. 2524-2526 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Johnson ◽  
C. J. D. Hébert ◽  
J. Hébert ◽  
J. L. G. Lamarche
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nuclear Emulsion ◽  
Temperature Cycling ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Very Low Temperature

The sensitivity of Ilford G5 emulsion has been studied at very low temperature by comparing the grain density of proton tracks recorded at 0.1 °K and at room temperature. It is found that the emulsion retains (74 ± 2)% of its room temperature sensitivity when exposed at 0.1 °K and that temperature cycling has no noticeable effect on previously recorded tracks.

Changes to crystals ofEscherichia coliβ-galactosidase during room-temperature/low-temperature cycling and their relation to cryo-annealing

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1139-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas H. Juers ◽  
Jeffrey Lovelace ◽  
Henry D. Bellamy ◽  
Edward H. Snell ◽  
Brian W. Matthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Temperature Cycling

Laser Crystallized Polysilicon TFT'S Using LPCVD, PECVD and PVD Silicon Channel Materials-A Comparative Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.T. Fulks ◽  
J. B. Boyce ◽  
J. Ho ◽  
G. A. Davis ◽  
V. Aebi
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Laser Crystallization ◽  
Drain Bias ◽  
Excimer Laser Crystallization ◽  
Laser Anneal ◽  
Active Channel ◽  
Very Low Temperature

AbstractIn this work polysilicon TFI's were fabricated by excimer laser crystallization of active channel silicon which was deposited by three different methods: I) LPCVD at 550 °C; 2) PECVD at 225 °C; and 3) PVD at room temperature. CMOS devices were produced with the same low temperature (less than 600 °C) top gate process and the laser anneal condition was optimized for the material type and thickness. For PECVD material a pre-anneal step of 450 °C for 1 hour was required before crystallization to avoid bubbling and ablation due to hydrogen evolution, but no such anneal was required for either LPCVD or PVD material due to their low hydrogen and Ar content. For 50 nm films, laser energy densities were typically in the range of 300-400 miJ/cm2. Excellent device results were obtained for both LPCVD and PECVD material with n-channel field effect mobilities greater than 100 cm2/Vs and on/off ratios greater than 108 at 5 V drain bias. Good results were also obtained for PVD films that can be further improved by optimizing deposition and anneal conditions. In moving toward very low temperature polysilicon processing (less than 230 °C) both PECVD and PVD channel films appear to be viable candidates.

An ester electrolyte for lithium–sulfur batteries capable of ultra-low temperature cycling

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (64) ◽  
pp. 9114-9117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guorui Cai ◽  
John Holoubek ◽  
Dawei Xia ◽  
Mingqian Li ◽  
Yijie Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Temperature Cycling ◽  
Electrolyte System ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
Methyl Propionate ◽  
Lithium Sulfur Batteries ◽  
Fluoroethylene Carbonate ◽  
Lithium Sulfur

Li||SPAN batteries in the lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide methyl propionate/fluoroethylene carbonate (LiFSI MP/FEC) electrolyte system can charge and discharge at −40 °C with over 78% room temperature capacity retention.

scholarly journals Structural Modifications of Cold and Dense Cesium, Calcium, Barium, and Selenium

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C752-C752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Desgreniers ◽  
John Tse ◽  
Jianbao Zhao ◽  
Takahiro Matsuoka ◽  
Yasuo Ohishi
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystalline Structures ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Elevated Pressures ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Very Low Temperature

Following the development of high brilliance synchrotron x-ray sources, high density crystalline structures of elemental solids have been vastly studied at room temperature and elevated pressures. In the last decades, experimental and computational results have unveiled a vast diversity of crystalline structures adopted by many dense elements. Both complex modulated and exotic structures have been observed [1] and predicted [2]. In this communication, we report results of systematic searches for structural modifications taking place at very low temperature (T>10 K) and high pressure (P<50 GPa) in selected elementals solids. Results for cesium, calcium, barium, and selenium are presented. An extension of the known P-T phase diagram to lower temperature for cesium and selenium indicates that both elements do not adopt crystalline structures different that those already known and documented. We show that calcium at low temperature and high pressure, however, exhibits unusual and large dynamical fluctuations leading to a tetragonal distortion of the simple cubic structure known to exist at room temperature and about 30 GPa. The large amplitude fluxional behaviour leads to the appearance of a new phase, nested at T<30K between 40 and 45 GPa. Finally, barium when compressed at low temperature, transforms into a crystalline structure unobserved at high pressure and room temperature. It is found that, below 140K and in the pressure range of 13 to 35 GPa, barium does not adopt the phase IV structure, i.e., the modulated incommensurate cell, but undergoes a transition from phase II (P63/mmc) to an orthorhombic (Pmna) cell. This new structure corresponds to phase VI. On the basis of an x-ray diffraction study along quasi-isobaric and isothermal paths, we conclude that Ba-VI is most likely metastable. Our results suggest the need to scrutiny other dense elements at very low temperature. Under those conditions, unusual structural modifications are ought to be observed.

Pulse-Tube Refrigeration

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Gifford ◽  
R. C. Longsworth
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Pulse Tube ◽  
Thomson Effect ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Simple Effect ◽  
Very Low Temperature ◽  
Moving Parts

A very simple effect makes it possible to construct very low temperature refrigerators without the use of low temperature moving parts or the Joule-Thomson effect. The effect, which occurs in many places and is frequently ignored, is described in detail, along with means for using it to build refrigerators capable of achieving low temperatures. A description of experimental models and test results is also included. A temperature 218 deg F below room temperature has been achieved.

Enhancing Tunability and Decreasing Temperature Sensitivity

2003 ◽  
Vol 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Tidrow ◽  
A. Tauber ◽  
D. M. Potrepka ◽  
F. Crowne ◽  
B. Rod
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Perovskite Oxide ◽  
Microwave Devices ◽  
The Military

ABSTRACTThe employment of judicious substitution on B-sites in the perovskite oxide, BaTiO3, has yielded materials suitable for relatively temperature insensitive electric field tunable microwave devices. The properties, single-phase cubic perovskites with tunabilities as large as 30% at 1 V/μm and room temperature that possess low temperature coefficient of dielectric constant and tunability over the majority of the military specified temperature range, -55 to 125 °C, have been achieved in the charge compensated system Ba1-xSrxTi1–2yCyDyO3 where C is Ho, Er, Tm, Lu, Sc, Y, In and D is Ta, Sb with 0 ≤ X ≤ 0.2, and 0 < y ≤ 0.10.

RESISTIVITY OF TmSe UNDER PRESSURE AT VERY LOW TEMPERATURE

1980 ◽  
Vol 41 (C5) ◽  
pp. C5-177-C5-180
Author(s):  
J. Flouquet ◽  
P. Haen ◽  
F. Holtzberg ◽  
F. Lapierre ◽  
J. M. Mignot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Very Low Temperature

Survival of mouse blastocysts after low-temperature preservation under high pressure

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cs. Pribenszky ◽  
M. Molnár ◽  
S. Cseh ◽  
L. Solti
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Subzero Temperatures ◽  
Survival Capacity

Cryoinjuries are almost inevitable during the freezing of embryos. The present study examines the possibility of using high hydrostatic pressure to reduce substantially the freezing point of the embryo-holding solution, in order to preserve embryos at subzero temperatures, thus avoiding all the disadvantages of freezing. The pressure of 210 MPa lowers the phase transition temperature of water to -21°C. According to the results of this study, embryos can survive in high hydrostatic pressure environment at room temperature; the time embryos spend under pressure without significant loss in their survival could be lengthened by gradual decompression. Pressurisation at 0°C significantly reduced the survival capacity of the embryos; gradual decompression had no beneficial effect on survival at that stage. Based on the findings, the use of the phenomena is not applicable in this form, since pressure and low temperature together proved to be lethal to the embryos in these experiments. The application of hydrostatic pressure in embryo cryopreservation requires more detailed research, although the experience gained in this study can be applied usefully in different circumstances.

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