Delay time and phase of the initial state

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Trong Gien
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Operator ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Average Delay Time ◽  
S Matrix ◽  
The Difference

The study presented in this paper is intended to show how to calculate the average delay time of a scattering within the framework of the delay time operator Q in order to prove that the average delay time is independent from the phase of the initial state. This conclusion differs from Ohmura's assertion in a recent paper that in the three-dimensional scattering, the average delay time depends on the phase change of the initial state. Our result saves the hope that the delay time of a collision can be known in terms of the S matrix alone. The reason for the difference between our result and Ohmura's is also discussed. We also investigate the commutation of the Q and S matrices and search for the interesting consequences of this commutation.

scholarly journals An Optimization Model of Multi-Intersection Signal Control for Trunk Road under Collaborative Information

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Li ◽  
Zhengfan Zhao ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Yao Liu ◽  
Pengfei Li
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Model ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Cell Transmission Model ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Average Delay Time

We proposed a signal control optimization model for urban main trunk line intersections. Four-phase intersection was analyzed and modeled based on the Cell Transmission Model (CTM). CTM and signal control model in our study had both been improved for multi-intersections by three-phase theory and information-exchanging. To achieve a real-time application, an improved genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed finally, the DISCO traffic simulation software was used for numerical simulation experiment, and comparisons with the standard GA and CTM were reported in this paper. Experimental results indicate that our searching time is less than that of SGA by 38%, and our method needs only 1/3 iteration time of SGA. According to our DISCO traffic simulation processing, compared with SGA, if the input traffic flow is changed from free phase to synchronized phase, for example, less than 900 vel/h, the delay time can reduce to 87.99% by our method, and the minimum delay time is 77.76% of existing method. Furthermore, if input traffic volume is increased to 1200 vel/h or more at the synchronized phase, the summary and minimum values of average delay time are reduced to 81.16% and 75.83%, respectively, and the average delay time is reduced to 17.72 seconds.

scholarly journals INTERNET DATA PACKET TRANSPORT: FROM GLOBAL TOPOLOGY TO LOCAL QUEUEING DYNAMICS

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (07) ◽  
pp. 2485-2490 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. LEE ◽  
K.-I. GOH ◽  
B. KAHNG ◽  
D. KIM
Keyword(s):  
Delay Time ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Data Packet ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Average Delay Time

We study structural feature and evolution of the Internet at the autonomous systems level. Extracting relevant parameters for the growth dynamics of the Internet topology, we construct a toy model for the Internet evolution, which includes the ingredients of multiplicative stochastic evolution of nodes and edges and adaptive rewiring of edges. The model reproduces successfully structural features of the Internet at a fundamental level. We also introduce a quantity called the load as the capacity of node needed for handling the communication traffic and study its time-dependent behavior at the hubs across years. The load at hub increases with network size N as ~ N1.8. Finally, we study data packet traffic in the microscopic scale. The average delay time of data packets in a queueing system is calculated, in particular, when the number of arrival channels is scale-free. We show that when the number of arriving data packets follows a power law distribution, ~ n-λ, the queue length distribution decays as n1-λ and the average delay time at the hub diverges as ~ N(3-λ)/(γ-1) in the N → ∞ limit when 2 < λ < 3γ being the network degree exponent.

Tilt scanning interferometry: a novel technique for mapping structure and three-dimensional displacement fields within optically scattering media

2006 ◽  
Vol 462 (2072) ◽  
pp. 2481-2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo D Ruiz ◽  
Jonathan M Huntley ◽  
Alejandro Maranon
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phase Volume ◽  
Scattering Media ◽  
Displacement Fields ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Temporal Sequences

We describe a novel technique that we call tilt scanning interferometry to measure depth-resolved structure and displacement fields within semi-transparent scattering materials. The method differs significantly from conventional optical coherence tomography, in that only one wavelength is used throughout the whole measurement process. Temporal sequences of speckle interferograms are recorded while the illumination angle is tilted at constant rate. Fourier transformation of the resulting three-dimensional intensity distribution along the time axis reconstructs the scattering potential within the medium. Repeating the measurements with the object wave at equal and opposite angles about the observation direction results in two three-dimensional phase-change volumes, the sum of which gives the out-of-plane-sensitive phase volume and the difference between which gives the in-plane phase volume. From these phase-change volumes the in-plane and out-of-plane depth-resolved displacement fields are obtained. The theoretical framework for the technique is explained in detail and a practical optical implementation is described. Finally, results from proof-of-principle experiments involving a semi-transparent beam undergoing bending are presented.

scholarly journals Real-time traffic signal optimization model based on average delay time per person

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 168781401561350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Jiao ◽  
Zhihong Li ◽  
Meiqi Liu ◽  
Dongyue Li ◽  
Yangwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
Signal Optimization ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Average Delay Time ◽  
Real Time Traffic

An efficient route scheduling mechanism for WiMAX network

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Huang Guo ◽  
Der-Jiunn Deng ◽  
Horng-Twu Liaw ◽  
Jong Hyuk Park
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Network ◽  
Great Improvement ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Average Delay Time ◽  
Fairness And Efficiency ◽  
Efficient Route ◽  
Route Scheduling ◽  
Wimax Network

AbstractWiMAX was proposed as the new wireless network standard in recent years. In the wide cover area of WiMAX environment, there are many nodes and interference. In order to obtain the efficiency, the avoidance to the interference is important. In this paper, we propose a two-tier cluster-based route scheduling mechanism on WiMAX Mesh mode. It achieves both fairness and efficiency inside and outside the cluster. The simulation result shows that our mechanism provides great improvement in average delay time and throughput than other research.

scholarly journals Implementation SEMAR-IoT-Platform for Vehicle as a Mobile Sensor Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Yohanes Yohanie Fridelin Panduman ◽  
Sritrusta Sukaridhoto ◽  
Anang Tjahjono ◽  
Rizqi Putri Nourma Budiarti
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Mobile Sensor ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Mobile Sensor Network ◽  
Average Delay Time ◽  
Iot Platform ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
And Control

With the rapid development of IoT technology in various fields such as smart cities and industry 4.0, the need for wireless sensor network-based systems has increased, one of which is the concept of using a vehicle as a mobile sensor network or known as VaaMSN. Many developers use the IoT platform as a cloud computing service in developing the VaaMSN system. However, not all IoT platform service providers provide monitoring features on every device and provide information such as device location, purpose, condition. Therefore, this research aims to develop an IoT Platform that can receive data and provide information on each device, making it easier to process data and control devices.  Therefore, this research aims to develop an IoT platform called the SEMAR-IoT-Platform that able to received data and provide information on each device for easier data processing and control devices.  The SEMAR-IoT-Platform integrates Big Data, Data Analytics, Machine Learning, using the principles of Extract, Transfer, and Load (ETL) for data processing and provides communication services using HTTP-POST, MQTT, and NATS.  The test results show that the system has been successfully implemented to complement a simple IoT system with an average delay time of HTTP, NATS, and MQTT communications of less than 150ms for the data storage process, and for the data visualization process has an average delay time of less than 300ms.

scholarly journals Examine the impact of the implementation of an electronic medical record system on operating theatre efficiency at a teaching hospital in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Yi (Arron) Chuang ◽  
Nathan Yii ◽  
Masimba Nyandowe ◽  
Ramesh Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Electronic Medical Record ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Electronic Medical Record System ◽  
Operating Theatre ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Record System ◽  
Average Delay Time ◽  
Medical Record System ◽  
The Impact

Background: The utilization of electronic medical record (EMR) system has become the mainstay of healthcare system in developed countries. In the last five years, Queensland Health has gradually implemented EMR system for hospitals in Queensland, Australia. As far as we are aware, no study has been conducted to assess the impact of the EMR implementation on operating theatre efficiency in Australia.Methods: A retrospective review of general surgery operating room on time start data was performed for a period of 2 months prior and 2 months following implementation of the EHR. A delay was defined as the time between the scheduled start time and “first in” times. Outcomes measured included the total number of sessions run, number of sessions starting late, average delay time and case cancellations.Results: During the EMR training period, the number of sessions which had delayed increased from 13.2％ to 31.0%. Following implementation of the EMR, delays were present for 88% of sessions for the first month with an average delay time of 21.8 minutes. The second month showed an overall improvement with 69% of sessions delayed and a reduced average delay time of 10.4mins.Conclusions: The implementation of a new electronic medical record system is associated with delays in theatre start times especially during the training period and first month of use. Evidence of recovery of service efficiency however is seen by the second month post-implementation with further expected improvement if trends continue.

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