Modulation of low-rigidity cosmic rays and the power spectrum of the interplanetary magnetic field in 1962 and 1965

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S950-S953 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Jokipii
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Interplanetary Magnetic Field ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Cosmic Ray Modulation ◽  
Magnetometer Data ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The observed change in cosmic-ray modulation from 1963–64 to 1965 may be associated with a corresponding change in the magnetic-field power spectra between 1962 and 1965, as obtained from Mariner 2 and Mariner 4 magnetometer data, respectively. It is further suggested that the diffusion mean-free-path λ may approach a constant value approximately equal to the correlation length of the magnetic field for very-low-rigidity particles.

scholarly journals The Origin and Dynamical Effects of the Magnetic Fields and Cosmic Rays in the Disk of the Galaxy

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 168-183
Author(s):  
E. N. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Interested Reader ◽  
Written Text ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The topic of this presentation is the origin and dynamical behavior of the magnetic field and cosmic-ray gas in the disk of the Galaxy. In the space available I can do no more than mention the ideas that have been developed, with but little explanation and discussion. To make up for this inadequacy I have tried to give a complete list of references in the written text, so that the interested reader can pursue the points in depth (in particular see the review articles Parker, 1968a, 1969a, 1970). My purpose here is twofold, to outline for you the calculations and ideas that have developed thus far, and to indicate the uncertainties that remain. The basic ideas are sound, I think, but, when we come to the details, there are so many theoretical alternatives that need yet to be explored and so much that is not yet made clear by observations.

scholarly journals Kinematic models of the interplanetary magnetic field

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Lhotka ◽  
Yasuhito Narita
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Interplanetary Magnetic Field ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Charged Dust ◽  
Cosmic Ray Modulation ◽  
Latitudinal Dependence ◽  
Magnetic Field Model ◽  
Kinematic Models ◽  
Turbulence Effect

Abstract. Current knowledge on the description of the interplanetary magnetic field is reviewed with an emphasis on the kinematic approach as well as the analytic expression. Starting with the Parker spiral field approach, further effects are incorporated into this fundamental magnetic field model, including the latitudinal dependence, the poleward component, the solar cycle dependence, and the polarity and tilt angle of the solar magnetic axis. Further extensions are discussed in view of the magnetohydrodynamic treatment, the turbulence effect, the pickup ions, and the stellar wind models. The models of the interplanetary magnetic field serve as a useful tool for theoretical studies, in particular on the problems of plasma turbulence evolution, charged dust motions, and cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere.

Long-term variations of interplanetary magnetic field spectra with implications for cosmic ray modulation

1993 ◽  
Vol 98 (A3) ◽  
pp. 3585-3603 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Bieber ◽  
Jiasheng Chen ◽  
William H. Matthaeus ◽  
Charles W. Smith ◽  
Martin A. Pomerantz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Interplanetary Magnetic Field ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray Modulation ◽  
Long Term Variations

scholarly journals Review article: Kinematic models of the interplanetary magnetic field

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Lhotka ◽  
Yasuhito Narita
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Interplanetary Magnetic Field ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Charged Dust ◽  
Cosmic Ray Modulation ◽  
Latitudinal Dependence ◽  
Magnetic Field Model ◽  
Kinematic Models ◽  
Turbulence Effect

Abstract. Current knowledge on the description of the interplanetary magnetic field is reviewed with an emphasis on the kinematic approach as well as the analytic expression. Starting with the Parker spiral field approach, further effects are incorporated into this fundamental magnetic field model, including the latitudinal dependence, the northward component, the solar cycle dependence, and the polarity and tilt angle of the solar magnetic axis. Further extensions are discussed in view of the magnetohydrodynamic treatment, the turbulence effect, the pickup ions, and the stellar wind models. The models of the interplanetary magnetic field serve as a useful tool for theoretical studies, in particular on the problems of plasma turbulence evolution, charged dust motions, and cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere.

scholarly journals Theory of cosmic ray modulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (S257) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan E. S. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Transport Parameters ◽  
Cosmic Ray Modulation ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
Jovian Electrons ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Inner Heliosphere

AbstractThis work aims to give a brief overview on the topic of cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere. The heliosphere, heliospheric magnetic field, transport parameters and the transport equation together with modulation models, which solve this equation in various degree of complexity, are briefly discussed. Results from these models are then presented where first it is shown how cosmic rays are globally distributed in an asymmetrical heliosphere which results from the relative motion between the local interstellar medium and the Sun. Next the focus shifts to low-energy Jovian electrons. The intensities of these electrons, which originate from a point source in the inner heliosphere, exhibit a unique three-dimensional spiral structure where most of the particles are transported along the magnetic field lines. Time-dependent modulation is also discussed where it is shown how drift effects together with propagating diffusion barriers are responsible for modulation over a solar cycle.

scholarly journals 32. Interplanetary magnetic field

1958 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 284-292
Author(s):  
H. Alfvén
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Interplanetary Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Storm ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Dipole Field ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The magnetic field outside the sun (interplanetary magnetic field) is certainly far from a dipole field. A model of it has recently been suggested (Tellus, 8, 1, 1956). This model is in agreement with cosmic ray and magnetic storm data and reconcilable with the coronal ray structure. Some possibilities to check the model are discussed.

scholarly journals Cosmic rays as regulators of molecular cloud properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Padovani ◽  
P. Hennebelle ◽  
D. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Molecular Cloud ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Diffusion Time ◽  
Line Density ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Collapse Region ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Ionisation Rate

Abstract. Cosmic rays are the main agents in controlling the chemical evolution and setting the ambipolar diffusion time of a molecular cloud. We summarise the processes causing the energy degradation of cosmic rays due to their interaction with molecular hydrogen, focusing on the magnetic effects that influence their propagation. Making use of magnetic field configurations generated by numerical simulations, we show that the increase of the field line density in the collapse region results in a reduction of the cosmic-ray ionisation rate. As a consequence the ionisation fraction decreases, facilitating the decoupling between the gas and the magnetic field.

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