Delayed shower particles at 70 m.w.e. underground

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S324-S327
Author(s):  
M. Dardo ◽  
P. Penengo ◽  
K. Sitte
Keyword(s):  
Time Distribution ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Expected Frequency ◽  
Heavy Shower ◽  
Time Of Operation

Delayed penetrating shower particles were observed in two experiments at the Mt. Cappuccini station, Torino, 70 m.w.e. underground. In the first the arrival-time differences of pairs and triples were recorded. While for pairs the distribution of delays above 80 ns was essentially consistent with that of the expected accidental traversals, a peak around 80 ns was found for triples. This could indicate that heavy shower particles, if they exist, are present only in high-energy events. In the second experiment a telescope of four scintillators, separated by three layers of lead, was added in order to provide information on the interactions of delayed particles. Again the time distribution shows a statistically significant increase of the frequency of particles arriving within the interval of 40 to 100 ns. But at present the time of operation has been much too short to allow far-reaching conclusions. The total rate of events recorded in the second experiment is still in statistical agreement with—indeed lower than—the expected frequency of accidental traversais.

scholarly journals Improving the muon track reconstruction of IceCube and IceCube-Gen2

2019 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 05002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Bradascio ◽  
Thorsten Glüsenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Arrival Time Distribution ◽  
Muon Energy ◽  
Muon Track ◽  
Track Reconstruction ◽  
Astrophysical Neutrinos

IceCube is a cubic-kilometer Cherenkov telescope operating at the South Pole. Its goal is to detect astrophysical neutrinos and identify their sources. High-energy muon neutrinos are identified through the secondary muons produced via charge current interactions with the ice. The present bestperforming directional reconstruction of the muon track is a maximum likelihood method which uses the arrival time distribution of Cherenkov photons registered by the experiment’s photomultipliers. Known systematic shortcomings of this method are to assume continuous energy loss along the muon track, and to neglect photomultiplier-related effects such as prepulses and afterpulses. This work discusses an improvement of about 20% to the muon angular resolution of IceCube and its planned extension, IceCube-Gen2. In the reconstruction scheme presented here, the expected arrival time distribution is now parametrized by a predetermined stochastic muon energy loss pattern. The inclusion of pre- and afterpulses modelling in the PDF has also been studied, but no noticeable improvement was found, in particular in comparison to the modification of the energy loss profile.

SPECTRUM OF COSMIC RAYS WITH ENERGY ABOVE 1017 EV

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) ◽  
pp. 6878-6880 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. EGOROVA ◽  
A. V. GLUSHKOV ◽  
A. A. IVANOV ◽  
S. P. KNURENKO ◽  
V. A. KOLOSOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Arrival Time Distribution ◽  
Array Data ◽  
Lateral Distribution Function ◽  
High Energies

The energy spectrum of primary cosmic rays with ultra-high energies based on the Yakutsk EAS Array data is presented. For the largest events values of S600 and axis coordinates have been obtained using revised lateral distribution function. The effect of the arrival time distribution at several axis distance on estimated density for Yakutsk and AGASA is considered.

scholarly journals Resonant RF Cavity Based Beam Chopping for Precise Control over Electron Arrival Time Distribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1666-1667
Author(s):  
Erik Kieft ◽  
Jasper van Rens ◽  
Wouter Verhoeven ◽  
Peter Mutsaers ◽  
Jom Luiten
Keyword(s):  
Time Distribution ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Arrival Time Distribution ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Rf Cavity

scholarly journals Particle Acceleration in Solar Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections

2000 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
R. P. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Acceleration ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Solar Energetic Particle ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Solar Energetic Particle Events ◽  
High Energy Particles

The Sun accelerates ions up to tens of GeV and electrons up to 100s of MeV in solar flares and coronal mass ejections. The energy in the accelerated tens-of-keV electrons and possibly ~1 MeV ions constitutes a significant fraction of the total energy released in a flare, implying that the particle acceleration and flare energy release mechanisms are intimately related. The total rate of energy release in transients from flares down to microflares/nanoflares may be significant for heating the active solar corona.Shock waves driven by fast CMEs appear to accelerate the high-energy particles in large solar energetic particle events detected at 1 AU. Smaller SEP events are dominated by ~1 to tens-of-keV electrons, with low fluxes of up to a few MeV/nucleon ions, typically enriched in 3He. The acceleration in gamma-ray flares appears to resemble that in these small electron-3He SEP events.

scholarly journals Arrival time distribution for a driven system containing quenched dichotomous disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Denisov ◽  
M. Kostur ◽  
E. S. Denisova ◽  
P. Hänggi
Keyword(s):  
Time Distribution ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Arrival Time Distribution ◽  
Driven System
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