The muon charge ratio at 80° to the zenith

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S313-S317 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Palmer ◽  
W. F. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Charge Ratio ◽  
Entire Energy Range ◽  
Entire Energy

A brief description is given of a spectrograph recently constructed at Nottingham for the study of muons at large zenith angles. The instrument, situated at a latitude of 50 °N and 30 m above sea level, is at present orientated to accept muons incident in the geomagnetic north–south direction at a mean zenith angle of 80°. Experimental results are presented of the charge ratio among muons in the range of production energies 20–500 GeV. The results, which are found to be consistent with a constant or only slowly varying charge ratio over the entire energy range, are compared with the results of other workers and the predictions of some current theoretical models.

Merging beams study of ionization of positive ions by electrons

1972 ◽  
Vol 327 (1570) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Atomic Nitrogen ◽  
Efficiency Curve ◽  
Entire Energy Range ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Entire Energy ◽  
Product Ions ◽  
Scaling Rule

The technique of beam superposition is employed in the experimental study of ionization of He+, N+ and 0+ by electrons. The electron energy range extends up to 300 eV. The primary and product ions are mass selected. Relative cross-sections for ionization are obtained as a function of the laboratory energy of the electrons. The experimental data for He+ and N+ are quite consistent with published values of the absolute cross-sections for these systems. By using Thomson’s classical scaling rule for isoelectronic systems, the cross-sections for ionization of O+ are calculated from those for ionization of atomic nitrogen. These values, when normalized to the relative ionization efficiency curve obtained experimentally here, show close overlap over the entire energy range.

Fine structure in the charge ratio of muons at large zenith angles

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S309-S312 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Kelly ◽  
P. K. MacKeown ◽  
S. S. Said ◽  
A. W. Wolfendale
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Charge Ratio

Preliminary experimental results are presented of observations on the charge ratio of muons as a function of energy and of angle at large zenith angles found using the Durham horizontal spectrograph. There is some evidence for a maximum of the charge ratio at about 20 GeV, the magnitude of which increases with increasing zenith angle. Possible explanations of the effect are discussed.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Cosmic Ray Composition: the Pathlength Distribution

1981 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 107-108
Author(s):  
R. J. Protheroe ◽  
J. F. Ormes
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Forthcoming Paper ◽  
Ionization Loss ◽  
Entire Energy Range ◽  
Entire Energy ◽  
Energy Dependent

The chemical composition of cosmic ray nuclei with 3≤Z≤28 between ~100 MeV/nuc and a few hundred GeV/nuc are compared with a consistent set of propagation calculations. These include the effects of spallation (energy-dependent cross sections are used), escape and ionization loss in the interstellar medium and deceleration in the solar cavity. This has enabled a consistent study of the cosmic ray pathlength distribution to be made over this entire energy range. Details of the propagation calculation are left to a forthcoming paper.

Modified Heisenberg's Approach for the Mean Charged Hadron Multiplicity in High Energy Collisions

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-497
Author(s):  
D. C. Ghosh ◽  
I. K. Daftari ◽  
D. K. Bhattacharjee ◽  
S. C. Naha ◽  
A. Roy Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Charged Hadron ◽  
Entire Energy Range ◽  
Hadron Multiplicity ◽  
Entire Energy ◽  
High Energy Collisions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hadronic Collisions ◽  
Remarkable Agreement

The semiempirical formulation of Ghosh et al. for the energy dependence of multiplicity in hadronic collisions has been applied to account for the experimental multiplicity data of π±p and K±p collisions. A remarkable agreement has been found over the entire energy range.

Measurement of the VEPP-4M Collider Energy Spread in the Entire Energy Range

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-342
Author(s):  
V. M. Borin ◽  
V. L. Dorokhov ◽  
O. I. Meshkov ◽  
Ma Xiao Chao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Collider Energy ◽  
Entire Energy Range ◽  
Entire Energy

Muon spectra and charge ratio at sea-level at a zenith angle of 45°

1967 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Allkofer ◽  
R. D. Andresen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Charge Ratio

scholarly journals AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD TO OBTAIN THE MUON CHARGE RATIO AT SEA LEVEL

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 281-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. PORTELLA ◽  
H. SHIGUEOKA ◽  
L. C. S. DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
C. E. C. LIMA
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Diffusion Equations ◽  
Charge Ratio ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Measured Ratio ◽  
Exponential Operator

The vertical muon charge ratio generated from hadron showers in the earth's atmosphere is obtained accurately in the energy range from a few GeV to several TeV. To solve the hadron diffusion equations we apply the analytical method based on depth-like ordered exponential operator. A comparison among our calculations (with and without scaling violation) with the measured ratio and Lipari's analytical calculation is made. Our differential muon fluxes are also compared with data at sea level.

scholarly journals Monte Carlo Simulation of a HP-Ge Pulse Height Spectrum over the Entire Energy Range

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (0) ◽  
pp. 908-911
Author(s):  
Dora SOMMER ◽  
Uwe REICHELT ◽  
Kai HELBIG ◽  
Detlev DEGERING ◽  
Jürgen HENNIGER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Pulse Height Spectrum ◽  
Entire Energy Range ◽  
Entire Energy

Das Impulsspektrum der Ultrastrahlungs-Muonen und das Ladungsverhältnis in 5200 m Höhe

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1205-1210
Author(s):  
O. C. Allkofer ◽  
E. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Momentum Spectrum ◽  
Charge Ratio ◽  
Lead Absorber ◽  
Muon Spectrum ◽  
Total Spectrum ◽  
Good Agreement

The momentum spectrum of cosmic ray muons and the charge ratio at 5200 m above sea level have been measured. To separate the spectrum of muons from the total spectrum a lead absorber was used. From theoretical models the spectrum of muons is calculated. Good agreement is found between the calculated and measured muon spectrum.

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