EQUILIBRIUM FRACTIONS FOR A HYDROGEN-ION BEAM (10–50 keV) IN 17 GASES AND VAPORS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Wittkower ◽  
R. P. Bastide ◽  
N. B. Brooks ◽  
P. H. Rose ◽  
L. Hopwood
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Sulphur Hexafluoride

The equilibrium fractions for a hydrogen-ion beam have been measured, from 10 to 50 keV, in the following gases or vapors: hydrogen (H2), helium (He), nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), nitrous oxide (N2O), deuterium (D2), water vapor (H2O), ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), butane (C4H10), 2,2-dimethylpropane (C5H12), carbon dioxide (CO2).

Ultrasonic relaxation of the vibrational specific heat of carbon dioxide, sulphur hexafluoride, nitrous oxide, cyclo propane and methyl chloride in the liquid state

1958 ◽  
Vol 247 (1249) ◽  
pp. 168-185 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Sulphur Hexafluoride ◽  
Single Relaxation Time ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Liquid States

Measurements have been made of the ultrasonic absorption and the velocity of propagation in a number of liquefied gases at temperatures from 0 to 50°C and over the frequency range 1 to 50 Mc/s. The observations in liquid carbon dioxide cover the major part of a relaxation region, centred about a frequency of approximately 10 Mc/s, and a full analysis is therefore possible in this case. The results are adequately described in terms of a relaxation of the total vibrational specific heat associated with a single relaxation time. For sulphur hexafluoride, nitrous oxide, cyclo propane and methyl chloride it was not possible to cover a substantial part of the relaxation region. In each case, however, the results are consistent with the assumption that the observed non-classical absorption is entirely due to vibrational relaxation and that the total vibrational specific heat relaxes with a single relaxation time. The corresponding characteristic frequencies are calculated and fall within the range 60 to 250 Mc/s. Comparisons are made between the values of the product, density ( ρ ) times relaxation time at constant temperature (ז T ), in the gaseous and liquid states for the above substances and for others, where adequate data is available. It is found that for a given temperature the ratio ( ρז T ) liquid ( ρז T ) gas is greater than, but close to, unity. It is concluded that vibrational transitions in liquids which are not highly associated occur by the mechanism of binary collisions between molecules. The quantity ( ρז T √ T ) –1 , which can be taken as a measure of the collision efficiency, increases with increasing temperature for non-polar liquids, but appears to depend very little on temperature for highly polar ones.

scholarly journals Emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, carbon dioxide and water vapor in the raising of weaned pigs on straw-based and sawdust-based deep litters

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baudouin Nicks ◽  
Martine Laitat ◽  
Marc Vandenheede ◽  
Alain Désiron ◽  
Claire Verhaeghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Methane Carbon

EQUILIBRIUM FRACTIONS FOR AN OXYGEN BEAM (15–50 KEV) IN 17 GASES AND VAPORS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Wittkower ◽  
P. H. Rose ◽  
R. P. Bastide ◽  
N. B. Brooks ◽  
L. Hopwood
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Neutral Fraction ◽  
Sulphur Hexafluoride

The equilibrium fractions of O−, O+, and O2+ have been measured from 15 to 50 keV for the charge-changing of an O+ beam in the following gases and vapors: hydrogen (H2), helium (He), nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), nitrous oxide (N2O), deuterium (D2), water (H2O), ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), butane (C4H10), 2,2-dimethylpropane (C5H12), carbon dioxide (CO2). The neutral fraction, O0, may be inferred from the results.

The radiation-induced formation of excited states of aromatic hydrocarbons in cyclohexane IV. Effect of electron scavengers

1972 ◽  
Vol 328 (1575) ◽  
pp. 497-513 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Excited State ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Secondary Process ◽  
Recombination Reaction ◽  
Sulphur Hexafluoride ◽  
Ion Recombination

The effects of the electron scavengers nitrous oxide, nitromethane, carbon dioxide, sulphur hexafluoride and chloracetic acid on the yields of naphthalene excited states observed in pulse radiolysis of deaerated naphthalene-cyclohexane solutions have been investigated. The excited-state yields were reduced by all the solutes examined although they showed marked differences in their effects on the formation of singlet and triplet excited naphthalene. It is proposed that in the absence of a second solute naphthalene excited states are produced as a result of electron and positive charge scavenging by naphthalene followed by the ion-recombination reaction Naph + + Naph - -> b s (or b ' s ) 1 Naph* + b t (or b ' s ) 3 Naph*, where b s and b t are the number of singlet and triplet excited states of naphthalene formed initially per geminate ion-pair recombination and b ' s and b t are the corresponding efficiencies per free ion-pair recombination. The concentration dependences of the singlet yield G( 1 Naph)*, the triplet yield formed directly on ion recombination, G( 3 Naph*) r , and the total triplet yield, G( 3 Naph*) = G( 3 Naph*) r + ^ t G( 1 Naph*) reported in parts II and III of this series can be fitted to the expressions G( 1 Naph*) = b ' s G gi {α1/2_ [Naph]1/2 /1+α1/2_[Naph]1/2}{α1/2_ [Naph]1/2 /1+α1/2_[Naph]1/2}, G( 3 Naph*) = B ' t G fi + B t G gi >{α1/2_ [Naph]1/2 /1+α1/2_[Naph]1/2}{α1/2_ [Naph]1/2 /1+α1/2_[Naph]1/2}, using the following parameters: G fi = 0.15, G gi = 3.9, a_ = 3.291/mol, a + = 50001/mol, b 8 = 0.863, b ' s = 1.22, B t = b t + (fi t b s = 1.34 and B ' t = b ' t + (j) t b ' s = 1.89. Of the various competing electron scavengers investigated only the results of the nitromethane system at [CH 3 NO 2 ] > 10 -2 mol/l could be explained solely in terms of a simple competition for free and geminate ions by the two solutes. However, it was found that the nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide systems could be rationalized on a similar model by taking account of possible secondary ion reactions and/or excited state formation as a result of ion recombination between Naph + and the negative ion of the competing scavenger. The secondary process occurring in the sulphur hexafluoride and chloracetic systems are more complex and an empirical fit of the data was not possible.

Ammonia, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and water vapor fluxes after green manuring of faba bean under Mediterranean climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 107439
Author(s):  
Rossana Monica Ferrara ◽  
Marco Carozzi ◽  
Céline Decuq ◽  
Benjamin Loubet ◽  
Angelo Finco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Green Manuring
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