ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF FAST PHOTONEUTRONS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1158-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Baker ◽  
K. G. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Shell Model ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Silicon Detectors ◽  
Photonuclear Reactions

The angular distributions and the yields of the high-energy neutrons emitted in photodisintegration have been studied by silicon detectors (25 elements) and aluminum detectors (6 elements). With the silicon detectors systematic variations are apparent in the coefficient a2 of W(θ) = a0(P0 + a2P2), and these variations are interpreted in terms of the Wilkinson shell model of photonuclear reactions.

Detector commissioning and development for PETRA-III

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (SRMS-7) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pennicard ◽  
Heinz Graafsma ◽  
Michael Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Silicon Detectors ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synchrotron Light

The new synchrotron light source PETRA-III produced its first beam last year. The extremely high brilliance of PETRA-III and the large energy range of many of its beamlines make it useful for a wide range of experiments, particularly in materials science. The detectors at PETRA-III will need to meet several requirements, such as operation across a wide dynamic range, high-speed readout and good quantum efficiency even at high photon energies. PETRA-III beamlines with lower photon energies will typically be equipped with photon-counting silicon detectors for two-dimensional detection and silicon drift detectors for spectroscopy and higher-energy beamlines will use scintillators coupled to cameras or photomultiplier tubes. Longer-term developments include ‘high-Z’ semiconductors for detecting high-energy X-rays, photon-counting readout chips with smaller pixels and higher frame rates and pixellated avalanche photodiodes for time-resolved experiments.

THE ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF PHOTOFISSION FRAGMENTS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1418-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Baerg ◽  
R. M. Bartholomew ◽  
F. Brown ◽  
L. Katz ◽  
S. B. Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Photon Beam ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Bremsstrahlung Energy ◽  
Isotropic Distribution ◽  
Degree Of Anisotropy ◽  
Maximum Bremsstrahlung Energy

Angular distributions of photofission fragments relative to the photon beam have been measured as a function of maximum bremsstrahlung energy in the range 6–20 Mev. The nuclides U-233, U-235, Np-237, Pu-239, and Am-241 give an isotropic distribution at all energies studied. The nuclides Th-232, U-234, U-236, U-238, and Pu-240 give anisotropic distributions which can be described by an equation of the form W(θ) = 1 + α sin2 θ where θ is the angle between fragment and beam. The degree of anisotropy is large at low energy and falls rapidly as the energy is increased. At a given energy Th-232 has the greatest degree of anisotropy and Pu-240 the least.

THE ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF FAST PHOTONEUTRONS FOR NUCLIDES WITH N ABOUT 56

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 2851-2857
Author(s):  
S. M. Hussain ◽  
K. G. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Angular Distributions

Measurements have been made of the angular distributions of fast (E > 5 MeV) photoneutrons from eight elements in the region Z = 28 to Z = 50, and from lead, using threshold detectors. It is found that there is evidence for peaking of the anisotropy of these photoneutrons at the closing of the. N = 56 subshell.

The angular distribution of scattered and sputtered 40-keV particles on polycrystalline targets

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Formann ◽  
F. P. Viehböck ◽  
H. Wotke
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Hard Sphere ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Radioactive Tracer ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Tracer Technique ◽  
Potential Approximation ◽  
Radioactive Tracer Technique ◽  
Graphite Rods

Based on the hard-sphere potential approximation, angular distributions of scattered particles at different mass ratios M1:M2 were calculated. The results were compared with experiments carried out with the following atoms:[Formula: see text]The sputtered particles from the target as well as from the incident-ion beam were collected on graphite rods and measured by either activation analysis or a radioactive tracer technique.

scholarly journals p-Wave Strength in the Low-energy 7Li(p,?0)8Be Cross Section

1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
FC Barker
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Shell Model ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Energy Data

Recent fits to low-energy 7Li(p, "Yo)8Be angular distribution and analysing power data suggested a large p-wave strength. It is shown that acceptable fits to the data can be obtained by attributing the p-wave Ml contributions to the tails of the 17 �64 and 18 �15 MeV 1+ levels of 8Be, with p-wave strengths much less than those obtained previously, but only if some of the spectroscopic amplitudes have signs opposite to those suggested by shell model calculations and/or a fit to higher-energy data.

scholarly journals The inelastic scattering of slow electrons in gases.—IV

1933 ◽  
Vol 142 (847) ◽  
pp. 647-658 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Incident Electron ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Mercury Vapour ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Excitation Potential ◽  
Discrete Amount ◽  
Slow Electrons ◽  
Diffraction Effects

Recent investigations have shown that the inelastic scattering of electrons in gases exhibits some very interesting phenomena. In previous papas we have described the angular distribution of the scattering of electrons which have lost a discrete amount of energy. Papers I and II described preliminary results which established the existence of diffraction effects at large angles in a number of gases. In Paper III the measurements were carried out over a range of velocities lower than those previously studied, results being obtained for incident electron energies down to within a few volts of the excitation potential. angular distributions were obtained for the inelastic scattering of electrons in hydrogen, helium, and argon between the angles 10° and 155°. The present paper describes the extension of the measurements to methane, nitrogen, neon and mercury vapour.

Measurement of ionization loss of 50 GeV protons in silicon with smoothly tunable up to 1 cm thickness using a single flat detector

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. P01015
Author(s):  
R.M. Nazhmudinov ◽  
A.V. Shchagin ◽  
A.S. Kubankin ◽  
A.G. Afonin ◽  
G.I. Britvich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Silicon Detector ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Silicon Detectors ◽  
Arbitrary Angle ◽  
Ionization Loss ◽  
Flat Detector ◽  
High Energy Particles ◽  
Relativistic Particles

Abstract Research of the ionization loss of 50 GeV protons, the path of which in the depleted layer of the silicon detector was smoothly regulated in the range from 0.3 to 10 mm, is presented. In the experiment, we used a flat silicon detector with a fixed thickness of the depleted layer of 300 μm. The smooth regulation of the path was realized due to the variation of the angle between the surface of the detector and the incident proton beam. The comparison of experimental data and theoretical calculations of the ionization loss demonstrates agreement in all range of thicknesses. Results of the research can be used in order to control the angle between the surface of the detector and the incident beam of relativistic particles. Besides, the results can be used in the analysis of data from astrophysical silicon detectors of charged particles if high-energy particles crossed flat detectors at arbitrary angle.

TCAD simulations of non-irradiated and irradiated low-gain avalanche diodes and comparison with measurements

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. C01022
Author(s):  
T. Croci ◽  
A. Morozzi ◽  
F. Moscatelli ◽  
V. Sola ◽  
G. Borghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Silicon Detectors ◽  
Avalanche Diodes ◽  
Silicon Sensors ◽  
Energy Physics

Abstract In this work, the results of Technology-CAD (TCAD) device-level simulations of non-irradiated and irradiated Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) detectors and their validation against experimental data will be presented. Thanks to the intrinsic multiplication of the charge within these silicon sensors, it is possible to improve the signal to noise ratio thus limiting its drastic reduction with fluence, as it happens instead for standard silicon detectors. Therefore, special attention has been devoted to the choice of the avalanche model, which allows the simulation findings to better fit with experimental data. Moreover, a radiation damage model (called “New University of Perugia TCAD model”) has been fully implemented within the simulation environment, to have a predictive insight into the electrical behavior and the charge collection properties of the LGAD detectors, up to the highest particle fluences expected in the future High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. This numerical model allows to consider the comprehensive bulk and surface damage effects induced by radiation on silicon sensors. By coupling the “New University of Perugia TCAD model” with an analytical model that describes the mechanism of acceptor removal in the multiplication layer, it has been possible to reproduce experimental data with high accuracy, demonstrating the reliability of the simulation framework.

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