MECHANICAL STRENGTH OF ICE FROZEN FROM AN IMPURE MELT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Pounder
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Long Chain

Ice frozen from a melt containing a small amount of a light alcohol, ketone, or ether is much weaker than normal ice, for a limited freezing exposure. The weakening effect is enhanced if the melt also contains traces of one or more of a variety of long-chain, organic substances, one of the most effective being sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Inorganic salts, on the other hand, appear to be largely ineffective and may even cancel out the weakening action of the organic solvent. It is suggested that the organic additives are concentrated in the surface of the melt and remain as liquid layers between the ice crystals, thereby causing a large reduction in the shear strength of the ice sheet. Adsorption at the surface is discussed as a mechanism for concentrating organic substances in the surface layer and rejecting inorganic salts into the interior of the solution.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES ON THE GROWTH OF MOUSE CARCINOMA

1914 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moyer S. Fleisher ◽  
Leo Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Colloidal Solutions ◽  
Copper Salts ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Inorganic Sulphur

We have described the methods used in determining the influence of certain substances on tumor growth, and we measured approximately the degree of reliability of the quantitative method used. We examined with these methods various classes of substances,— distilled water, a number of inorganic salts, inorganic colloidal substances, various organic colloidal and non-colloidal substances, especially various proteids, tuberculin and hirudin alone as well as in combination with other substances. Distilled water, various inorganic sulphur preparations, and various inorganic salts did not show an inhibiting effect on tumor growth sufficient to be detected by means of our first method. Only in the case of gold potassium cyanide was there possibly a slightly retarding influence present. On the other hand, certain colloidal solutions of heavy metals (copper, platinum, gold) retard the growth of a number of tumors of injected animals. Certain combinations of copper salts and casein act in a similar manner. Of the organic substances used, casein, nucleoproteid, and hirudin were active, while the other proteids tested, as well as various other organic substances and tuberculin and lecithin, seemed to be either without effect or weaker than the other substances mentioned as retarding the tumor growth. Hirudin was active and caused in addition to its inhibiting influence the retrogression of a certain number of tumors. Especially active was a combination of hirudin with colloidal copper and of hirudin with nucleoproteid. One single injection of casein or nucleoproteid, or of the Heyden preparation of colloidal copper, leads to a more or less marked edematous condition of a certain number of tumors, while hirudin caused in addition, in many cases, marked hemorrhages in or around the tumors. Other substances which we tested did not show this effect, although their inhibiting action on tumor growth may have been equally strong. Very young tumors (two to six days old) are not retarded in their growth through injection of colloidal copper or hirudin, while nine to thirteen days old tumors are, independently of their size on the ninth day, inhibited in approximately the same relative degree; absolutely, however, the more rapidly growing smaller tumors are more markedly inhibited than the normally more slowly growing larger tumors.

scholarly journals Substances Controlling the Growth of a Diatom

1939 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Inorganic Acid ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Vigorous Growth

The diatom Ditylum brightwelli requires, for vigorous growth in artificial sea water, two organic substances, or groups of substances, in addition to inorganic salts. The substances, or groups, act in a manner complementary to each other.The effect of adding either is greatly increased by the presence of the other.One accessory substance, or group, has been obtained in impure state from natural sea water and from extracts of algae by adsorption on carbon and elution. It has properties of an inorganic acid or internal anhydride.

CLC 18.10LN

Alloy Digest ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract CLC 18.10LN is an austenitic stainless steel with 18% Cr, 9.5% Ni, and 0.14% N to provide good corrosion resistance at strengths above the other low-carbon stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-950. Producer or source: Industeel USA, LLC.

Theory of the equilibrium in a microapparatus for the isolation and concentration of organic substances from water by continuous steam distillation-extraction

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2115-2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Janda ◽  
Bohuslav Doležal
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Organic Substance ◽  
Concentration Factor ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Azeotropic Mixtures ◽  
Steam Distillation Extraction

The phase equilibrium establishing in a microapparatus designed for the isolation and concentration of organic substances from water by continuous steam distillation-extraction is treated. This technique, used for the preconcentration of water pollutants followed by the gas chromatographic analysis of the extract, is suitable for organic substances with boiling temperatures higher than that of water which form azeotropic mixtures with water, the boiling temperatures of which are lower than those of water and the organic substances themselves. The organic solvent used for the extraction must have a very low boiling temperature. The recovery from the whole procedure and the concentration factor depend on the volumes of the water sample and the organic solvent as well as on the volume of the space where the extraction of the organic substance from the aqueous condensate takes place.

scholarly journals Organic-free synthesis of layer-like FAU-type zeolites

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Inayat ◽  
C. Schneider ◽  
W. Schwieger
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Zeolite Synthesis ◽  
Organic Additives

The presence of simple inorganic salts during zeolite synthesis turned out to be an effective and easy to handle alternative to organic additives to induce the growth of layer-like zeolite morphologies.

On Slip Inception and Static Friction for Smooth Dry Contact

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Shi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Interfacial Bonding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Material Failure ◽  
Bonding Failure ◽  
Dry Contact

Slip inception mechanism is very important for modeling of static friction and understanding of some experimental observations of friction. In this work, slip inception was treated as a local competence of interfacial bonding failure and weaker material failure. At any contacting point, if bond shear strength is weaker than softer material shear strength, slip inception is governed by interfacial bonding failure. Otherwise, it is governed by softer material failure. Considering the possible co-existence of these two slip inception mechanisms during presliding, a hybrid static friction model for smooth dry contact was proposed, which indicates that the static friction consists of two components: one contributed by contact area where bonding failure is dominant and the other contributed by contact area where material failure is dominant. With the proposed static friction model, the effects of contact pressure, the material properties, and the contact geometry on static friction were discussed.

The thyroid hormone converting enzyme human deiodinase 1 is inhibited by gold ions from inorganic salts, organic substances, and by small-size nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
pp. 109709
Author(s):  
Andreas Georg Weber ◽  
Barbara Birk ◽  
Chantal Müller ◽  
Steffen Schneider ◽  
Bennard van Ravenzwaay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Converting Enzyme

Characterization of nanocrystalline surface layer induced by shot peening and effect on their fatigue strength.

2004 ◽  
Vol 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Mano ◽  
Kondo Satoru ◽  
Akihito Matsumuro ◽  
Toru Imura
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
White Layer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Nanocrystalline Layer

ABSTRACTThe shot peening process is known to produce a hard layer, known as the white layer” on the surface of coil springs. However, little is known about the fatigue properties of this white-layer.In this study, coil springs with a white-layer were manufactured. The surface of these springs was then examined using micro Vickers hardness, FE-SEM etc. to test fatigue strength of the springs.From the results obtained, a microstructure of the white-layer with grain size of 50–100 nm was observed, with a Vickers hardness rating of 8–10 GPa.Tow category springs were manufactured utilizing a double-peening process. These springs had the same residual stress destruction and surface roughness. Only one difference was observed: one spring had a nanocrystalline layer on the surface, while the other did not. The results of the fatigue test realized an increase in the fatigue life of the nanocrystalline surface layer by 9%.

scholarly journals Determination of reinforcing bars for tests of hollow core slabs with continuity

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-932
Author(s):  
A. P. Santos ◽  
M. A. Ferreira ◽  
R. C. Carvalho ◽  
L. M. Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Resistance Moment ◽  
Hollow Core Slab ◽  
Maximum Shear Strength

The structural designs of floors formed by hollow core slabs usually consider these as simply-supported slabs. In recent years there have been project changes and hollow core slabs with continuity are widely used. The objective of this study is to suggest a way to calculate the reinforcement bars to be used in tests with continuity provided by a structural topping. Thus, this paper presents a method based on the maximum positive resistance moment and maximum shear strength of a hollow core slab. The method is applied to a test in hollow core slab specimens which have the following dimensions: 2 m width, 6 m long, and 21 cm high. The results indicated that the method was satisfactory to the performed test, and can therefore be applied to the other test configurations or even designs.

scholarly journals Elemental composition of the surface layers formed on titanium at the cathodic treatment in chitosan-containing aqueous-dimethyl sulfoxide solutions of phosphate-molybdate electrolyte

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-48
Author(s):  
Svetlana S. Popova ◽  
◽  
Hussein Ali Hussein ◽  
Lyubov’ N. Olshanskaya ◽  
Sergei V. Arzamastsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Potentiostatic Mode

It was established that at the cathodic treatment of titanium in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide solutions of sodium molybdate, containing phosphoric acid, at the potential of the cathodic incorporation of sodium (Ec = −2.6 V) in the potentiostatic mode, the composition formed on the electrode surface layer depended not only on the composition of the solution, but also on the volume ratio of the aqueous electrolyte solution and the organic solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide).

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