A CONSIDERATION OF RADIO STAR SCINTILLATIONS AS CAUSED BY INTERSTELLAR PARTICLES ENTERING THE IONOSPHERE: PART III. THE KIND, NUMBER, AND APPARENT RADIANT OF THE INCOMING PARTICLES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 792-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Harrower
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Radio Source ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Considerable Error ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Right Ascension

In Parts I and II, as the result of an analysis of measurements of the scintillations of the radio source in Cassiopeia, it was suggested that interstellar particles, captured by the gravitational field of the Sun, contributed to the observed features. Arguments presented here lead to the conclusion that such particles must be hydrogen atoms. The number of hydrogen atoms reaching the Earth is estimated to be 6 × 1016/m.2/sec. Their energy averages 9 or 22 electron volts, depending on whether or not they are ionized. It is concluded that the effect of this infall on the Earth's ionosphere would be more than adequate to produce scintillations. The location of the radiant, subject to the possibility of some considerable error, is judged to be right ascension 17 hours, declination −30°. Based on this position of the radiant, the velocity of the interstellar hydrogen atoms in the vicinity of the Sun is found to have the components: tangential 28 × 104 m./sec., radial 2 × 104 m./sec., and transverse 0.2 × 104 m./sec, with respect to the plane of our galax

scholarly journals Geodesic Effect Near an Elliptical Orbit

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alina-Daniela Vîlcu
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Elliptical Orbit ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Classical Approach ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Lagrange Equations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Elliptical Motion

Using a differential geometric treatment, we analytically derived the expression for De Sitter (geodesic) precession in the elliptical motion of the Earth through the gravitational field of the Sun with Schwarzschild's metric. The expression obtained in this paper in a simple way, using a classical approach, agrees with that given in B. M. Barker and R. F. O'Connell (1970, 1975) in a different setting, using the tools of Newtonian mechanics and the Euler-Lagrange equations.

A CONSIDERATION OF RADIO STAR SCINTILLATIONS AS CAUSED BY INTERSTELLAR PARTICLES ENTERING THE IONOSPHERE: PART II. THE ACCRETION OF INTERSTELLAR PARTICLES AS A CAUSE OF RADIO STAR SCINTILLATIONS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Harrower
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Interstellar Space ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Collision Region ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Vector Addition ◽  
Accretion Process ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Distinct Features

A previously reported analysis of measurements of radio star scintillations, which showed daily variations dependent on time of year, is here interpreted to be the result of the accretion of interstellar particles by the Sun's gravitational field. After a brief general discussion of the accretion process, the measurements are examined in an attempt to provide an explanation on that basis. Five distinct features exhibited by the scintillation data are interpreted as resulting from particles arriving at the Earth as follows: directly from interstellar space, from a collision region behind the Sun (both directly and after having crossed the Earth's orbit), and from the collision region by a process of accretion in the gravitational field of the Earth. The velocities of certain of these particles are derived by simple applications of vector addition employing the known velocity of the Earth. The collision region is calculated to be located a radial distance of 200 million miles from the Sun.

scholarly journals Synchronism of the Events on the Sun and the Earth - A Sign of External Influence on the Solar System

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Gravitational Effects ◽  
External Influences ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Endogenous Activity

To solve fundamental and applied problems, it is useful to detect signs of external influences on the Solar system from the synchronous responses of the Earth’s shells, using a systemic and interdisciplinary analysis of solar-terrestrial relations - taking into account, along with solar activity and GCR fluxes, the endogenous activity of the Earth due to gravitational effects on the Earth with the sides of the Moon, the Sun and other celestial bodies of the Solar system during its barycentric motion in the gravitational field of the Galaxy, as well as the effects of perturbations on the Solar system as a whole. At the same time, the mechanism, energy, cyclicity, synchronism, change in the shape of the Earth and gravity, polar asymmetry and jump-like manifestations of solar-terrestrial relations, instability of the Earth’s daily rotation become explainable. The Solar system is subject to external influences of gravity of the heavy planets of Jupiter and Saturn in the course of its barycentric motion in the gravitational field of the Galaxy, as well as the bringing in solar system of additional energy when exposed to a heterogeneous interstellar environment.

scholarly journals PERHITUNGAN DATA EPHEMERIS KOORDINAT MATAHARI MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA JEAN MEEUS HIGHER ACCURACY DAN KETERKAITANNYA DENGAN PENGEMBANGAN ILMU FALAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Reza Akbar
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Celestial Equator ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Data Tables ◽  
Equation Of Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Ascension

Data of solar coordinate such as longitude and latitude of the ecliptic, declination, and right ascension are the data that are often involved in astronomical reckoning and practical islamic astronomy. These data are often found in ephemeris tables such as the ephemeris of Hisab Rukyat by Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, Nautica Almanac and others. One of the algorithms used in the preparation of ephemeris data tables is the Jean Meeus Higher Accuracy algorithm. Calculation of ephemeris data of solar coordinates using these algorithms starts with counting Julian Day (JD) and Julian Day Ephemeris (JDE). By using advanced algorithms based on VSOP87 theory, we can then calculate the longitude and latitude of the solar ecliptic, the distance of the earth to the Sun, the true obliquity (angle between the celestial equator and the ecliptic), the right ascension and declination, the equation of time and the Sun's semi diameter. The calculation of the solar coordinate in this paper is for June 7, 2017 at 19.00 WIB or 12.00 GMT. The results will then be compared with the data of solar coordinate in Ephemeris Hisab Rukyat 2017 at the same time.

scholarly journals Squeezing of the Super-Elastic Double-Helix Photon in the Gravitational Field (Hidden in Very-Well Known Old Formulae). Pound - Rebka - Snider Effect Studied by the Advanced LIGO Instrument, Pioneer Anomaly and CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background) (23.11.201

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Jiri Stavek
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Double Helix ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Pioneer Anomaly ◽  
Squeeze Rate ◽  
Squeeze Effect

In our approach we have combined knowledge of Old Masters (working in this field before the year 1905), New Masters (working in this field after the year 1905) and Dissidents under the guidance of Louis de Broglie and David Bohm. Based on the great experimental work of Robert Pound, Glen A. Rebka and J.L. Snider we have proposed a squeezing of the super-elastic double-helix photon in the gravitational field. We have newly defined the squeeze rate of that photon particle on the helical path. We have inserted this squeeze rate into the very-well old formulae of Newton, Soldner, Gerber and Einstein and might glimpse traces of the quantum gravity. The squeeze rate of photons can be studied in details using the Great instrument - the Advanced LIGO - located on the surface of the Earth (USA, Italy, Japan). The observed strains on the level 5*10-19 should be caused by the gravitational field of our Earth. The observed strains on the level 5*10-22 should be caused by the gravitational fields of the Moon and the Sun. We estimate that the experimental value of the gravitational constant G studied by the LIGO instrument can achieve the accuracy to the level of ppb (parts per billion) after the removal of those strains from the measured signal and the removal of the gravitational influences of the Earth, the Moon, the Sun, Venus and Jupiter. To study the squeeze effect on a bigger scale we propose to analyze the Pioneer anomaly where Pioneer´s photons have been flying around the planets in our Solar system causing the squeeze effect - the anomalous blueshift. Similarly, we can study cosmic microwave photons flying around the objects in our Solar system that might create “the axis of evil” - temperature fluctuations in the CMB map (Wien displacement law). Can we prepare in our Solar system “tired” light by frequent blueshift - redshift transitions? Can it be that Nature cleverly inserted the squeeze rate into our very-well known Old Formulae? We want to pass this concept into the hands of Readers of this Journal better educated in the Mathematics and Physics.

scholarly journals Interaction of Gravitational Field and Orbit in Sun-planet-moon system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Attractive Force ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Moon System ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Repulsive Gravity ◽  
Single Field ◽  
Gravitational Unit

Studying the two famous old problems that why the moon can move around the Sun and why the orbit of the Moon around the Earth cannot be broken off by the Sun under the condition that calculating with F=GMm/R^2, the attractive force of the Sun on the Moon is almost 2.2 times that of the Earth. We found that the planet and moon are unified as one single gravitational unit which results in that the Sun cannot have the force of F=GMm/R^2 on the moon. The moon is moved by the gravitational unit orbiting around the Sun. It could indicate that the gravitational field of the moon is limited inside the unit and the gravitational fields of both the planet and moon is unified as one single field interacting with the Sun. The findings are further clarified by reestablishing Newton’s repulsive gravity.

scholarly journals AN ARTIFICIAL EXPERIMENT AIMED TO SPECIFY THE GRAVITY LAW IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM

Metaphysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
A. P Yefremov
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Impact Parameter ◽  
Einstein Gravity ◽  
Test Body ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Space Probe ◽  
Gravity Assist ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Ballistic Trajectory

Ultra-sensitivity of a planet’s gravity assist (GA) to changes of the test-body impact parameter prompts a space experiment testing the nature of gravitational field in the Solar system. The Sun, Earth and Venus serve as the space lab with a primitive space probe (ball) as a test body moving on a ballistic trajectory from the Earth to Venus (rendering GA) and backwards to the Earth’s orbit. We show that in Newton and Einstein gravity, the probe’s final positions (reached at the same time) may differ greatly; an Earth’s observer can measure the gap.

scholarly journals Gravitational Field Intensity and Shifting of Waves

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Sankar Palchoudhury
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Celestial Bodies

The celestial bodies like the sun, stars, etc., are the owner of higher gravitational field intensity areas and the ‎source of various ‎kinds of waves. Waves rush from higher gravitational field intensity areas like the sun to lower ‎gravitational field intensity ‎areas like the earth. This paper, finding out that the wave exchanges some ‎force during traveling from the sun to the ground. ‎Every wave has a frequency and each frequency of a wave ‎has two parts, crest and trough and both together is a complete ‎single frequency.‎

Seti Space Missions

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 761-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Maccone
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Space Missions ◽  
Gravitational Lens ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Space Antenna ◽  
Focal Distance ◽  
Large Space ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Space Antennas ◽  
New Space

AbstractSETI from space is currently envisaged in three ways: i) by large space antennas orbiting the Earth that could be used for both VLBI and SETI (VSOP and RadioAstron missions), ii) by a radiotelescope inside the Saha far side Moon crater and an Earth-link antenna on the Mare Smythii near side plain. Such SETIMOON mission would require no astronaut work since a Tether, deployed in Moon orbit until the two antennas landed softly, would also be the cable connecting them. Alternatively, a data relay satellite orbiting the Earth-Moon Lagrangian pointL2would avoid the Earthlink antenna, iii) by a large space antenna put at the foci of the Sun gravitational lens: 1) for electromagnetic waves, the minimal focal distance is 550 Astronomical Units (AU) or 14 times beyond Pluto. One could use the huge radio magnifications of sources aligned to the Sun and spacecraft; 2) for gravitational waves and neutrinos, the focus lies between 22.45 and 29.59 AU (Uranus and Neptune orbits), with a flight time of less than 30 years. Two new space missions, of SETI interest if ET’s use neutrinos for communications, are proposed.

Fundamental observations made at Breslau in 1922-1925

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 433-435
Author(s):  
F. Schmeidler
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
Vertical Circle ◽  
Right Ascension

Meridian observations of fundamental stars were made at Breslau Observatory in 1922 to 1925. The observations in right ascension were made by W.Rabe with the 6-inch transit instrument, whereas the declinations were observed by A.Wilkens with the vertical circle. In both coordinates, observations of the Sun were also made.

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