THE NUMBER DENSITY OF METEOR TRAILS OBSERVABLE BY THE FORWARD-SCATTERING OF RADIO WAVES

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 997-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Pugh
Keyword(s):  
Forward Scattering ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Meteor Trails

The number of meteor trails which can be detected by the forward-scattering of radio waves varies with the region of the sky under observation. The number density is determined theoretically, as a function of position relative to the transmitter and receiver.

DIURNAL VARIATIONS IN THE NUMBER OF SHOWER METEORS DETECTED BY THE FORWARD-SCATTERING OF RADIO WAVES: PART I. THEORY

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Forward Scattering ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Weight Factor ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Meteor Trails

Various observational factors affect the number of shower meteors which can be detected, in a given time interval, by the scattering of radio waves from the ionized meteor trails. The pertinent factors in the case of forward-scattering, where the transmitter and receiver are widely separated, are expressed approximately as functions of the position of the shower radiant. In combination, they provide an observational weight factor which may change appreciably as the radiant moves in the course of a day. The consequent diurnal variation in the occurrence of scattered signals may then be determined, and distinguished from variations due to random changes in the incidence rate of the meteors.

THE FORWARD-SCATTERING OF RADIO WAVES FROM OVERDENSE METEOR TRAILS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1033-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Hines ◽  
P. A. Forsyth
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Forward Scattering ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Geometric Factors ◽  
Meteor Trails

The forward-scattering of radio waves from overdense meteor trails is treated from an elementary point of view. The results indicate that the same geometric factors enter this problem as enter the problem of forward-scattering from underdense trails, and that the transition between underdense and overdense trails occurs at the same value of charge density as in the backscatter case. These conclusions are not expected to be generally valid when applied to individual trails, but at least they should provide a valid basis for the interpretation and prediction of the effects produced statistically by a large number of trails.

A THEORETICAL RATE–AMPLITUDE RELATION IN METEORIC FORWARD-SCATTERING

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Forward Scattering ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Scaling Factors ◽  
Meteor Trails ◽  
Amplitude Level ◽  
Good Agreement

The theory of the forward-scattering of radio waves by ionized meteor trails is applied to the development of a rate-amplitude relation. This relation expresses the anticipated occurrence rate of scattered signals which exceed a chosen amplitude level, as a function of that level. It is compared with preliminary observational data, and found to be in good agreement both qualitatively and quantitatively. Closest agreement is obtained only with an appropriate choice of two scaling factors. These provide an abstract of the observations in a form which is convenient for further study and interpretation.

FORWARD-SCATTERING OF RADIO WAVES BY METEOR TRAILS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 176-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Forsyth ◽  
E. L. Vogan
Keyword(s):  
Forward Scattering ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Meteor Trails ◽  
The Individual

Radio waves which are too high in frequency to be reflected by the ionospheric layers are often reflected back to the earth's surface by the ionization in meteor trails, and may be detected at distances of the order of 1000 kilometers from the transmitting station. These forward-scattered signals have been studied by the use of several transmission paths in Canada. The paper summarizes the characteristics of the individual signals and presents some preliminary results of the investigation. It seems likely that the technique will prove to be useful in meteoric studies.

HEIGHT-GAIN IN THE FORWARD-SCATTERING OF RADIO WAVES BY METEOR TRAILS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Hines ◽  
M. O'Grady
Keyword(s):  
Forward Scattering ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Height Gain ◽  
Meteor Trails

Analysis of meteor trails providing combined forward and backward scattering of radio waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 105135
Author(s):  
I. Lapshina ◽  
S. Kalabanov ◽  
A. Karpov ◽  
A. Sulimov
Keyword(s):  
Radio Waves ◽  
Meteor Trails

scholarly journals Development of the mesospheric Na layer at 69° N during the Geminids meteor shower 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Dunker ◽  
U.-P. Hoppe ◽  
G. Stober ◽  
M. Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Column Density ◽  
Meteor Shower ◽  
Sounding Rocket ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Sodium Layer ◽  
Meteoric Smoke ◽  
Meteor Trails ◽  
Sporadic Meteors

Abstract. The ECOMA sounding rocket campaign in 2010 was performed to investigate the charge state and number density of meteoric smoke particles during the Geminids meteor shower in December 2010. The ALOMAR Na lidar contributed to the campaign with measurements of sodium number density, temperature and line-of-sight wind between 80 and 110 km altitude over Andøya in northern Norway. This paper investigates a possible connection between the Geminids meteor shower and the mesospheric sodium layer. We compare with data from a meteor radar and from a rocket-borne in situ particle instrument on three days. Our main result is that the sodium column density is smaller during the Geminids meteor shower than the winter average at the same latitude. Moreover, during two of the three years considered, the sodium column density decreased steadily during these three weeks of the year. Both the observed decrease of Na column density by 30% and of meteoric smoke particle column density correlate well with a corresponding decrease of sporadic meteor echoes. We found no correlation between Geminids meteor flux rates and sodium column density, nor between sporadic meteors and Na column density (R = 0.25). In general, we found the Na column density to be at very low values for winter, between 1.8 and 2.6 × 1013 m−2. We detected two meteor trails containing sodium, on 13 December 2010 at 87.1 km and on 19 December 2010 at 84 km. From these meteor trails, we estimate a global meteoric Na flux of 121 kg d−1 and a global total meteoric influx of 20.2 t d−1.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document