On high-altitude projectile motion

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1003-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Benacka
Keyword(s):  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Coefficient Function ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Projectile Motion ◽  
Altitude Dependence ◽  
The Us ◽  
Shell Motion ◽  
Flight Parameters

In this study, the formulas for projectile velocity components and coordinates in a vacuum were derived with the altitude decrease in gravitational acceleration factored in. A model of cannon shell motion in the air is presented that accounts for the altitude dependence of gravitational acceleration, air density, the speed of sound up to an altitude of 84 km, and the speed dependence of the drag coefficient at trans- and supersonic speeds. The drag coefficient function is obtained by fitting to experimental data taken for the US M101 155 mm shell. The model gives flight parameters that agree with the published ones. The motion of the Paris Gun projectile is then modeled. The model shows that a range of 120 km is possible if the projectile mass is about 150 kg. A flat Earth approximation was used in the computations. Changing the launch angle to 90°, super high-altitude vertical ascent and free fall are modeled.

scholarly journals Revealing Phenomena of Heat Energy, Levity, Gravity, Photons Characteristic Current to Light on Dealing Matter to Sub-Atom

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubarak Ali
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Devices And Instruments ◽  
Shell Motion ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
Electron And Photon

Technology has reached to its climax but the basic understanding of science in many phenomena is still awaited. Scientific research reveals strong analogy between electron and photon. Atoms that execute electronic transitions, on absorbing heat energy, excite electrons. De-excitation of electron results into depicting energy in the shape of Gaussian distribution. The wavelength of photon at point of generation remains in inter-shell distance and atoms of all those elements that glitter perform like magician, throwing one and catching other, where an electron excites at shunt energy and configure trajectory under levity and de-excites at free fall configuring trajectory under gravity and silicon atom is a model system. In band gap of such atoms, heat energy of merged photons is cultivated and that shunt energy perturb the balance of inherent energy between electron and nucleus, which is not the case in atoms do not glitter. Uninterrupted confined inter-shell motion of electron results into photon that can travel immeasurable length. Such photons increase wavelength on decreasing frequency, propagate to hard X-ray, to visible spectrum, and to beyond. Here, I discuss that heat energy is due to merged photons, current due to photons wavelengths in inter-shell distance and light photons wavelengths in visible spectrum. Force of repulsion or attraction in certain materials engages phenomenon of levitism or gravitism instead of magnetism. All structural motifs and dynamics are subject to characteristic photons. A structural design delivers straight-forward application on coordinating overt photons or merged photons. The various gadgets, devices and instruments only operate energy as per need of necessity. Here, materials science explores matter to sub-atom while coordinating energy and devises science to describe.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Air Force ◽  
World War ◽  
Air Power ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Strategic Bombing ◽  
The Us

This introduction describes the strategic bombing mission of the US Army Air Forces’ Eighth Air Force against the Fock-Wulfe plant at Bremen, Germany, on April 17, 1943, assessing the use of high-altitude daylight precision bombing,. The introduction then reviews American strategic bombing theory from its origins in World War I to the thinking of three great interwar air power theorists―the Italian Giulio Douhet, the Briton Hugh Trenchard, and the American Billy Mitchell―to the founding of the Air Corps Tactical School (ACTS), the development of the Norden bombsight and B-17 bomber, and the genesis of HADPB theory at the Air Corps Tactical School.

Problems of High Speed Flight as Affected by Compressibility

1938 ◽  
Vol 42 (327) ◽  
pp. 193-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. H. Lock
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Velocity Of Sound ◽  
Upper Limit

My lecture deals with the effect of the compressibility of air on bodies moving through it at speeds ranging from the velocity of sound (710 m.p.h. at high altitude) as an upper limit to a lower limit ranging roughly from half to threequarters the velocity of sound. Somewhere within this range will commence a very rapid increase of the drag coefficient of an aircraft as a result of the formation of local shock waves.

scholarly journals Measuring GBAR with emulsion detector

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 1460268 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ariga ◽  
S. Aghion ◽  
O. Ahlén ◽  
C. Amsler ◽  
A. Ariga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Fall ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Relative Uncertainty ◽  
Position Resolution ◽  
Actual Experiment ◽  
Universality Of Free Fall

The motivation of the AEgIS experiment is to test the universality of free fall with antimatter. The goal is to reach a relative uncertainty of 1% for the measurement of the earth's gravitational acceleration [Formula: see text] on an antihydrogen beam. High vertex position resolution is required for a position detector. An emulsion based detector can measure the annihilation vertex of antihydrogen atoms with a resolution of 1-2 μm, which if realized in the actual experiment will enable a 1% measurement of [Formula: see text] with less than 1000 [Formula: see text] atoms. Developments and achievements on emulsion detectors for the AEgIS experiment are presented here.

Constraints on gravitational properties of antimatter from cyclotron-frequency measurements

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 1460260
Author(s):  
Michael H. Holzscheiter
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Normal Gravity ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Weak Equivalence Principle ◽  
Normal Matter ◽  
Gravitational Experiment ◽  
Fall Experiment

A fundamental question in physics that has yet to be addressed experimentally is whether particles of antimatter, such as the antiproton or positron, obey the weak equivalence principle (WEP). Several theoretical arguments have been put forward arguing limits for possible violations of WEP. No direct `classical' gravitational experiment, the measurement of the free fall of an antiparticle, has been performed to date to determine if a particle of antimatter would experience a force in the gravitational potential of a normal matter body that is different from normal gravity. 30 years ago we proposed a free fall experiment using protons and antiprotons, modeled after the experiment to measure the gravitational acceleration of a free electron. At that time we gave consideration to yet another possible observation of gravitational differences between matter and antimatter based on the gravitational red shift of clocks. I will recall the original arguments and make a number of comments pertaining to the technical problems and other issues that prevented the execution of the antiproton free fall measurement. Note that a different gravitational force on antimatter in the gravitational field of matter would not constitute a violation of CPT, as this is only concerned with the gravitational acceleration of antimatter in the gravitational field of an antimatter body.

High‐altitude free fall

1996 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1242-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirooz Mohazzabi ◽  
James H. Shea
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Free Fall
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