Mansouri–Sexl framework for the high-speed Sagnac experiment

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Sfarti
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Speed ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Error Term ◽  
High Order ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Light Speed

The Mansouri–Sexl theory is a well-known test theory of relativity. Mansouri and Sexl deal with a large number of experiments such as Michelson–Morley, Kennedy–Thorndike, Ives–Stilwell but leave out the very interesting Sagnac experiment. In the following paper we will argue for a novel way of detecting high-order effects in vacuo via an increased rotational speed re-enactment of the Sagnac experiment. We will show the presence of a large-value error term and will set the experimental conditions for detecting such a term. We will also show how the Saganac experiment can be used for the detection of light-speed anisotropy in the framework of the Mansouri–Sexl test theory. PACS No.: 03.30.+p

Detection of light speed anisotropy via a high-speed Ives–Stillwell experiment

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sfarti
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Effect ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Error Term ◽  
High Order ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Order Error ◽  
Light Speed ◽  
General Conditions

The Mansouri–Sexl theory is a well-known test of the theory of relativity. In one of their three papers (R. Mansouri and S.U. Sexl. Gen. Rel. Grav. 8, 809 (1977).), Mansouri and Sexl deal with the transverse Doppler effect under a set of restrictive conditions. In this paper, we deal with the same effect under the most general conditions and will argue for a novel way of detecting high-order effects in a vacuum via an increased laboratory-speed re-enactment of the Ives–Stilwell experiment. We will demonstrate the presence of a high-order error term and we will set the experimental conditions for detecting such a term.PACS No.: 03.30+p

IMPROVED TESTS OF SPECIAL RELATIVITY VIA LIGHT SPEED ANISOTROPY MEASUREMENT

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
A. SFARTI
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
Doppler Effect ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Light Speed ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Anisotropy Measurement

The Mansouri–Sexl theory is a well-known test theory of relativity. In the following paper we demonstrate a novel way of detecting second-order effects in terms of both lab and ion speed for light speed anisotropy detection. Prior literature15,18–21 has shown the way of constraining the Mansouri–Sexl parameter "a" via the Ives–Stilwell experiment, however, the prior approaches have proven to be incomplete in managing to constrain only one parameter, the "a" parameter. In the current paper we will take the unprecedented step of reconstructing the Mansouri–Sexl formalism for the Ives–Stilwell experiment and by showing how to improve on the theoretical and experimental bases such as to constrain both the parameter "a" and the parameter "b". Our paper is organized as follows: in the first section we give a new and more complete derivation of the Mansouri–Sexl Doppler effect. In the second part, we apply the newly expanded Mansouri–Sexl Doppler formalism in order to revise the principles of the Ives–Stilwell experiment. We continue by showing how the revised experiment is to be used in order to constrain both the parameter "a" and the parameter "b" in a measurement of light speed isotropy. This turns the Mansouri–Sexl Ives–Stilwell experiment into a very powerful tool for constraining light speed anisotropy.

Electromagnetic wave-guide experiments for detecting light-speed anisotropy

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 835-838
Author(s):  
A Sfarti
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Wave Guide ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Light Speed

The Mansouri–Sexl theory is a well known test of the theory of relativity. The main test theories of special relativity (SR) are named after their authors, Robertson (Rev. Mod. Phys. 21, 378 (1949)) and Mansouri and Sexl (Gen. Rel. Grav. 8, 497 (1977); 8, 515 (1977); and 8, 809 (1977)). These test theories can also be used to examine potential alternate theories to SR — such alternate theories predict particular values of the parameters of the test theory, which can easily be compared to values determined by experiments analyzed with the test theory. The existing experiments put rather strong experimental constraints on any alternative theory. Mansouri and Sexl promised an electromagnetic version of their theory, but for some reason that part was never delivered. In the following paper, we will construct the electromagnetic version and will demonstrate its application to constraining light-speed anisotropy. PACS No.: 03.30.+p

Articulatory Behavior Pre and Post Full-Mouth Tooth Extraction and Alveoloplasty

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
J.A. Scott Kelso ◽  
Larry Lander
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Normal Speech

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the Control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

scholarly journals Operating temperatures of oil-lubricated medium-speed gears: Numerical models and experimental results

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Long ◽  
A A Lord ◽  
D T Gethin ◽  
B J Roylance
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Frictional Heat ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients

This paper investigates the effects of gear geometry, rotational speed and applied load, as well as lubrication conditions on surface temperature of high-speed gear teeth. The analytical approach and procedure for estimating frictional heat flux and heat transfer coefficients of gear teeth in high-speed operational conditions was developed and accounts for the effect of oil mist as a cooling medium. Numerical simulations of tooth temperature based on finite element analysis were established to investigate temperature distributions and variations over a range of applied load and rotational speed, which compared well with experimental measurements. A sensitivity analysis of surface temperature to gear configuration, frictional heat flux, heat transfer coefficients, and oil and ambient temperatures was conducted and the major parameters influencing surface temperature were evaluated.

Analysis of the Lubrication Regimes at the Small End and Big End of a Connecting Rod of a High Performance Motorbike Engine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Bertocchi ◽  
Matteo Giacopini ◽  
Daniele Dini
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Speed ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Connecting Rod ◽  
Lubrication Regimes ◽  
High Speed Rotation ◽  
Speed Rotation ◽  
Squeeze Effect

In the present paper, the algorithm proposed by Giacopini et. al. [1], based on a mass-conserving formulation of the Reynolds equation using the concept of complementarity is suitably extended to include the effects of compressibility, piezoviscosity and shear-thinning on the lubricant properties. This improved algorithm is employed to analyse the performance of the lubricated small end and big end bearings of a connecting rod of a high performance motorbike engine. The application of the algorithm proposed to both the small end and the big end of a con-rod is challenging because of the different causes that sustain the hydrodynamic lubrication in the two cases. In the con-rod big end, the fluid film is mainly generated by the relative high speed rotation between the rod and the crankshaft. The relative speed between the two races forms a wedge of fluid that assures appropriate lubrication and avoids undesired direct contacts. On the contrary, at the con-rod small end the relative rotational speed is low and a complete rotation between the mating surfaces does not occurs since the con-rod only oscillates around its vertical axis. Thus, at every revolution of the crankshaft, there are two different moments in which the relative rotational speed between the con-rod and the piston pin is null. Therefore, the dominant effect in the lubrication is the squeeze caused by the high loads transmitted through the piston pin. In particular both combustion forces and inertial forces contribute to the squeeze effect. This work shows how the formulation developed by the authors is capable of predicting the performance of journal bearings in the unsteady regime, where cavitation and reformation occur several times. Moreover, the effects of the pressure and the shear rate on the density and on the viscosity of the lubricant are taken into account.

scholarly journals The Influence of Carrier Air Preheating on Autoignition of Inline-Injected Hydrogen–Nitrogen Mixtures in Vitiated Air of High Temperature

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph A. Schmalhofer ◽  
Peter Griebel ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Flame Stabilization ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Lean Premixed Combustion ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

The use of highly reactive hydrogen-rich fuels in lean premixed combustion systems strongly affects the operability of stationary gas turbines (GT) resulting in higher autoignition and flashback risks. The present study investigates the autoignition behavior and ignition kernel evolution of hydrogen–nitrogen fuel mixtures in an inline co-flow injector configuration at relevant reheat combustor operating conditions. High-speed luminosity and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements in an optically accessible reheat combustor are employed. Autoignition and flame stabilization limits strongly depend on temperatures of vitiated air and carrier preheating. Higher hydrogen content significantly promotes the formation and development of different types of autoignition kernels: More autoignition kernels evolve with higher hydrogen content showing the promoting effect of equivalence ratio on local ignition events. Autoignition kernels develop downstream a certain distance from the injector, indicating the influence of ignition delay on kernel development. The development of autoignition kernels is linked to the shear layer development derived from global experimental conditions.

scholarly journals A gradient field defeats the inherent repulsion between magnetic nanorods

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 140271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Gu ◽  
Ruslan Burtovyy ◽  
John Custer ◽  
Igor Luzinov ◽  
Konstantin G. Kornev
Keyword(s):  
Phase Portrait ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Uniform Magnetic Field ◽  
Gradient Field ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Uniform Field ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Magnetic Nanorods ◽  
Field Gradients ◽  
And Control

When controlling the assembly of magnetic nanorods and chains of magnetic nanoparticles, it is extremely challenging to bring them together side by side while keeping a desired spacing between their axes. We show that this challenge can be successfully resolved by using a non-uniform magnetic field that defeats an inherent repulsion between nanorods. Nickel nanorods were suspended in a viscous film and a non-uniform field was used to control their placement. The in-plane movement of nanorods was tracked with a high-speed camera and a detailed image analysis was conducted to quantitatively characterize the behaviour of the nanorods. The analysis focused on the behaviour of a pair of neighbour nanorods, and a corresponding dynamic model was formulated and investigated. The complex two-dimensional dynamics of a nanorod pair was analysed analytically and numerically, and a phase portrait was constructed. Using this phase portrait, we classified the nanorod behaviour and revealed the experimental conditions in which nanorods could be placed side by side. Dependence of the distance between a pair of neighbour nanorods on physical parameters was analysed. With the aid of the proposed theory, one can build different lattices and control their spacing by applying different field gradients.

scholarly journals The impact of rotational speed and water volume on textile translational motion in a front-loading washer

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (16) ◽  
pp. 3401-3410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Liu ◽  
R Hugh Gong ◽  
Pinghua Xu ◽  
Xuemei Ding ◽  
Xiongying Wu
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Translational Motion ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Motion Path ◽  
Rotational Axis ◽  
Passive Region ◽  
The Impact

Textile motion in a front-loading washer has been characterized via video capturing, and a processing system developed based on image geometric moment. Textile motion significantly contributes to the mass transfer of the wash solution in porous materials, particularly in the radial direction (perpendicular to the rotational axis of the inner drum). In this paper, the velocity profiles and residence time distributions of tracer textiles have been investigated to characterize the textile dynamics in a front-loading washer. The results show that the textile motion varies significantly with the water volume and rotational speed, and that the motion path follows certain patterns. Two regions are observed in the velocity plots: a passive region where the textile moves up with low velocity and an active region where the textile falls down with relatively high speed. A stagnant area in the residence time profile is observed. This corresponds to the passive region in the velocity profile. The stagnant area affects the mechanical action, thus influencing washing efficiency and textile performance. The findings on textile dynamics will help in the development of better front-loading washers.

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