Identical thermodynamical processes and entropy

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Anacleto
Keyword(s):  
Reversible Processes ◽  
Thermodynamical Processes

Starting from the concept of identical thermodynamical processes, we treat invariance under interchange of identical processes as a symmetry. We show the conservation of entropy in reversible processes to be intimately related to this symmetry. PACS Nos.: 44.60, 65.50

scholarly journals Исследование изменения лигандного состава хелата Eu-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- методами двухступенчатого лазерного возбуждения люминесценции и компьютерного моделирования кинетики

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
И.В. Станишевский ◽  
Т.А. Павич ◽  
С.М. Арабей
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Structural Rearrangement ◽  
Triphenylphosphine Oxide ◽  
Iterative Approximation ◽  
Reversible Processes ◽  
Experimental Kinetics ◽  
Nelder Mead Algorithm ◽  
Excitation Method ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe europium(III)–tris(dibenzoylmethane)–triphenylphosphine oxide complex was studied in the polycrystalline state and in toluene at 298 K using the luminescence excitation method with two-stage rectangular pulses with decreasing intensity of stages. Experimental nonmonotonic kinetic curves were numerically simulated within the framework of a four-level dynamic model describing reversible processes in the complex, associated with its structural rearrangement. The maximum correspondence between the experimental and simulated curves was obtained using an iterative approximation performed using the Nelder–Mead algorithm. Based on the obtained numerical values of the rate constants and parameters of the model, experimental kinetics were interpreted, and it was concluded that they are a consequence of the processes associated with changes in the ligand composition of the Eu^3+ chelate.

scholarly journals By-passing fluctuation theorems

Quantum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Paul Boes ◽  
Rodrigo Gallego ◽  
Nelly H. Y. Ng ◽  
Jens Eisert ◽  
Henrik Wilming
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Quantum Thermodynamics ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Fluctuation Theorems ◽  
Macroscopic States ◽  
Many Body Systems ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Positive Work ◽  
Thermodynamical Processes ◽  
Reduced State

Fluctuation theorems impose constraints on possible work extraction probabilities in thermodynamical processes. These constraints are stronger than the usual second law, which is concerned only with average values. Here, we show that such constraints, expressed in the form of the Jarzysnki equality, can be by-passed if one allows for the use of catalysts---additional degrees of freedom that may become correlated with the system from which work is extracted, but whose reduced state remains unchanged so that they can be re-used. This violation can be achieved both for small systems but also for macroscopic many-body systems, and leads to positive work extraction per particle with finite probability from macroscopic states in equilibrium. In addition to studying such violations for a single system, we also discuss the scenario in which many parties use the same catalyst to induce local transitions. We show that there exist catalytic processes that lead to highly correlated work distributions, expected to have implications for stochastic and quantum thermodynamics.

Networks of queues

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
The State ◽  
Machine Interference ◽  
Equilibrium Distributions ◽  
Reversible Processes ◽  
Networks Of Queues

The behaviour in equilibrium of networks of queues is studied. Equilibrium distributions are obtained and in certain cases it is shown that the state of an individual queue is independent of the state of the rest of the network. The processes considered in this paper are irreversible; however, the method used to establish equilibrium distributions is one which has previously only been used when dealing with reversible processes. Results are obtained for models of communication networks, machine interference and birth-illness-death processes.

The Combined First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics and Exergy Analysis

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Adebiyi
Keyword(s):  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Flow Processes ◽  
Laws Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Reversible Processes ◽  
Reference Environment ◽  
Transport Theorem

Abstract A novel approach is proposed for combining the first and second laws of thermodynamics for systems undergoing arbitrary, non-reversible processes. A reference environment at an intensive state (p0, T0) is assumed, and combination of the two laws of thermodynamics yields the familiar equations used in the exergy analysis of processes. The application of the laws of thermodynamics was made first to non-flow processes involving closed systems. An extension to the control volume and flow processes was carried out via the use of the Reynolds transport theorem.

scholarly journals Adhesion-Aggregation and Inactivation of Poliovirus 1 in Groundwater Stored in a Hydrophobic Container

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 912-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Gassilloud ◽  
Christophe Gantzer
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Divalent Ions ◽  
Viral Inactivation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Viral Survival ◽  
Reversible Processes ◽  
Aggregation Phenomena

ABSTRACT Viral inactivation and adhesion-aggregation in water are often studied as separate phenomena. When the focus is placed on viral adhesion-aggregation, inactivation is neglected because the phenomena under investigation occur over a short period measured in days. When viral inactivation is studied, adhesion-aggregation phenomena are considered to be negligible because viral survival is traced over several days or months. In the present work, we took a global approach, examining the relative contributions of each of these processes in a complex system composed of groundwater, Poliovirus 1, and a hydrophobic container (polypropylene) maintained in a dark environment at 20°C. We demonstrated that infectious viral load fell off 2.8 log10 during the first 20 days. During this time, adhesion was far from negligible because it accounted for most of the decline, 1.5 log10. Adhesion was undoubtedly favored by the presence of divalent ions in the groundwater. After 20 days, aggregation may also have been the cause of 0.66 to 0.92 log10 of viral loss. Finally, viral inactivation was quantitatively the lowest phenomena because it only explained 0.38 to 0.64 log10 of the viral loss. This study thus clearly demonstrated that estimates of viral survival in a given system must always take into account adhesion-aggregation phenomena which may be responsible for the majority of viral loss in the aqueous phase. Adhesion and aggregation are reversible processes which may lead to an underestimation of viral load in certain studies.

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