III. Geometrical optics of variable-frequency light rays in the general relativistic regime: Combined gravitational and refractive lensing

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 755-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
W T Chyla
Keyword(s):  
Geometrical Optics ◽  
Nonlinear Superposition ◽  
Deflection Of Light ◽  
Propagation Of Light ◽  
Small Deflection ◽  
Light Rays ◽  
Relativistic Regime ◽  
Nonperturbative Method ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
Refractive Medium

The frequency-sensitive extremum principle for propagation of light rays in the geometrical optics regime is used to develop a nonperturbative method for tracing light rays in a transparent refractive medium in the general relativistic environment. The general formulation of the theory is given first; it allows for the numerical analysis of a nonlinear superposition of gravitational and refractive lensing, when neither of the two effects can be treated as a small perturbation. The scope of the general theory is gradually narrowed to the Schwarzschild field, the spherical symmetry of the refractive properties of the medium, and the small deflection regime approximation. A simple, analytically solvable example of deflection of light rays by a mass embedded in a refractive medium is considered in detail; in a vacuum, deflection of light rays by the Sun is reproduced.PACS Nos.: 42.15-i, 04.20-q, 98.90+s

scholarly journals High-accuracy propagation of light rays

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S261) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Pierre Teyssandier
Keyword(s):  
High Accuracy ◽  
Deflection Of Light ◽  
Propagation Of Light ◽  
Light Rays

AbstractWe present a review of the different methods currently developed to determine the deflection of light rays due to gravity. The aim of these methods is primarily to calculate the angular distances with an accuracy of the order of microarcsecond.

scholarly journals Light propagation and optical scalars in torsion theories of gravity

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950029
Author(s):  
Siamak Akhshabi
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Lensing ◽  
Light Propagation ◽  
Raychaudhuri Equation ◽  
Angular Diameter Distance ◽  
Propagation Of Light ◽  
Light Rays ◽  
Theories Of Gravity ◽  
Torsion Theories ◽  
Basic Equations ◽  
Gauge Theory Of Gravity

We investigate the propagation of light rays and evolution of optical scalars in gauge theories of gravity where torsion is present. Recently, the modified Raychaudhuri equation in the presence of torsion has been derived. We use this result to derive the basic equations of geometric optics for several different interesting solutions of the Poincaré gauge theory of gravity. The results show that the focusing effects for neighboring light rays will be different than general relativity. This in turn has practical consequences in the study of gravitational lensing effects and also in determining the angular diameter distance for cosmological objects.

scholarly journals A LIQUID CRYSTAL ANALOGUE OF THE COSMIC STRING

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (33) ◽  
pp. 2561-2565 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAIO SÁTIRO ◽  
FERNANDO MORAES
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Anisotropic Medium ◽  
Cosmic String ◽  
Geometrical Optics ◽  
Line Defect ◽  
Propagation Of Light

We consider the propagation of light in an anisotropic medium with a topological line defect in the realm of geometrical optics. It is shown that the effective geometry perceived by light propagating in such medium is that of a spacial section of the cosmic string spacetime.

scholarly journals General Relativistic Simulation of Jet Formation from Magnetized Accretion Disk

1997 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 667-671
Author(s):  
Shinji Koide ◽  
Kazunari Shibata ◽  
Takahiro Kudoh
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Active Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Accretion Disk ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Lorentz Factor ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Jet Formation ◽  
Relativistic Jet ◽  
Relativistic Regime ◽  
General Relativistic

AbstractRecently, superluminal motions are observed not only from active galactic nuclei but also in our Galaxy. These phenomena are explained as relativistic jets propagating almost toward us with Lorentz factor more than 2. For the formation of such a relativistic jet, magnetically driven mechanism around a black hole is most promising. We have extended the 2.5D Newtonian MHD jet model (Shibata & Uchida 1986) to general relativistic regime. For this purpose, we have developed a general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) numerical code and applied it to the simulation of the magnetized accretion disk around a black hole. We have found the formation of magnetically driven jets with 86 percent of light velocity (i.e. Lorentz factor ~ 2.0).

Effects of Ray Bending in Scattered Light Photoelasticity for Tempered and Annealed Glass Plates

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 440-445
Author(s):  
Siim Hödemann ◽  
Jaak Kikas ◽  
Hillar Aben ◽  
Johan Anton ◽  
Andrei Errapart
Keyword(s):  
Surface Stress ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
The Other ◽  
Finite Width ◽  
Tempered Glass ◽  
Propagation Of Light ◽  
Light Rays ◽  
Glass Plates ◽  
Ray Bending ◽  
Annealed Glass

Residual stresses in tempered glass plates can be measured with the scattered light method. Usually a rectilinear propagation of light is assumed. However, due to the gradients of the refractive index, the light rays curve. We have experimentally demonstrated this for tempered (surface stress 120 MPa and more) and annealed glass plates. For a laser beam of finite width this also results in broadening and loss of photoelastic modulation. While some features of the experimental picture (dependence of the period of modulation on depth), can be captured in the simple model of rectilinear propagation, the other observations need development of more elaborated models.

scholarly journals COMMENTS ON "ON THE SPEED OF GRAVITY AND THE JUPITER/QUASAR MEASUREMENT" BY S. SAMUEL

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 273-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGEI M. KOPEIKIN
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Propagation Of Light ◽  
Relativistic Time ◽  
Speed Of Gravity ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
Recent Review Article

A recent review article by S. Samuel "On the Speed of Gravity and the Jupiter/Quasar Measurement" published as Int. J. Mod. Phys. D13, 1753 (2004), provides the reader with a misleading "theory" of the relativistic time delay in the general theory of relativity. Furthermore, it misquotes original publications by Kopeikin and Fomalont and Kopeikin related to the measurement of the speed of gravity by VLBI. We summarize the general relativistic principles of the Lorentz-invariant theory of the propagation of light in a time-dependent gravitational field, derive a Lorentz-invariant expression for the relativistic time delay, and finally explain why Samuel's "theory" is conceptually incorrect and confuses the speed of gravity with the speed of light.

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