Peptide hormone evolution: functional heterogeneity within GnRH and CRF families

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Lovejoy
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Functional Heterogeneity ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
Receptor Ligand ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
Releasing Factors

Recent investigations indicate that the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides are each composed of at least two functionally discrete paralogous lineages. [His5Trp7Tyr8]GnRH (chicken GnRH-II) is associated with brain neuromodulatory and possibly peripheral endocrine activity, whereas [Arg8]GnRH (mammal GnRH) and its orthologues play major roles as hypothalamic releasing factors. Similarly, CRF appears to be the primary vertebrate ACTH-releasing peptide, whereas the paralogous lineage of urotensin-I-sauvagine has been associated with a variety of diverse peripheral activities. In phylogenetically older species, representatives of both GnRH and CRF family lineages have been characterized. Structural and functional conservation of these peptide systems in vertebrates suggest that additional GnRH-like and CRF-like peptides will be found in the mammal brain.Key words: neuropeptides, evolution, reproduction, HPA axis, stress, receptor–ligand interactions.

Molecular integration of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis-related neurohormones on the GnRH neuron

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Tellam ◽  
Yasmin N Mohammad ◽  
David A Lovejoy
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Gnrh Neuron ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Periods Of Stress

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus is pivotal to the regulation of reproductive physiology in vertebrates. GnRH and the reproductive axis, in general, can be inhibited during periods of stress or injury. Stress, in the form of mechanical, psychological or immunological insult to an organism results in the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis initiated by the hypothalamic release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Recent studies indicate that CRF may act either directly on the GnRH neuron to down-regulate GnRH synthesis, or indirectly via a β-endorphin-mediated pathway. Moreover, in vitro studies suggest that CRF-related peptides can increase the sensitivity of the GnRH neuron to prolactin by increasing the synthesis of the prolactin receptor.

Impact of N-Terminal Domains for Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) Receptor−Ligand Interactions†

Biochemistry ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1614-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Klose ◽  
Klaus Fechner ◽  
Michael Beyermann ◽  
Eberhard Krause ◽  
Norbert Wendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Receptor Ligand ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
Terminal Domains

Modulation of Platelet Activation by Native DNA – Initial Description of Platelet Receptor Type, Number and Discrimination for Native DNA

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Fiedel ◽  
M E Frenzke
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Scatchard Analysis ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Receptor Ligand ◽  
Platelet Receptor ◽  
Platelet Binding ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
Initial Description

SummaryNative DNA (dsDNA) induces the aggregation of isolated human platelets. Using isotopically labeled dsDNA (125I-dsDNA) and Scatchard analysis, a single class of platelet receptor was detected with a KD = 190 pM and numbering ~275/platelet. This receptor was discriminatory in that heat denatured dsDNA, poly A, poly C, poly C · I and poly C · poly I failed to substantially inhibit either the platelet binding of, or platelet aggregation induced by, dsDNA; by themselves, these polynucleotides were ineffective as platelet agonists. However, poly G, poly I and poly G · I effectively and competitively inhibited platelet binding of the radioligand, independently activated the platelet and when used at a sub-activating concentration decreased the extent of dsDNA stimulated platelet aggregation. These data depict a receptor on human platelets for dsDNA and perhaps certain additional polynucleotides and relate receptor-ligand interactions to a physiologic platelet function.

scholarly journals Detection of weak receptor-ligand interactions using IgM and J-chain-based fusion proteins

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1354-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes U. Ammann ◽  
Martin Jahnke ◽  
Michael R. Dyson ◽  
Jim Kaufman ◽  
John Trowsdale
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Proteins ◽  
Receptor Ligand ◽  
J Chain ◽  
Ligand Interactions
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