Ontogenic changes in hepatic metallothionein isoforms in prenatal and newborn rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hing Man Chan ◽  
M. George Cherian
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Newborn Rat ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Metallothionein Isoforms ◽  
Species Specific

The relative quantities of the two metallothionein isoforms (MT-1 and MT-2) in prenatal and newborn rat livers have been quantified using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with two specific polyclonal antisera. Both MT isoforms were detected in fetal liver on gestation day 16 and their levels continued to increase into the neonatal period. A concomitant increase was observed in plasma MT levels in the pregnant rats. The level of MT-2 was higher (75%) than that of MT-1 in the liver of both prenatal and neonatal rats. Both hepatic MT isoforms showed a significant correlation (P < 0.05) with the hepatic Zn level. Immunohistochemical localization of MT isoforms showed no apparent difference in intracellular distribution. Both MT isoforms were mainly cytoplasmic in fetal rat liver. Intense intranuclear staining was observed in newborn rat liver when the total MT concentration reached a maximum of over 1 mg MT/g tissue. The nuclear MT staining decreased with age, and at day 7, approximately equal concentrations of MT were found in nucleus and cytoplasm. When the newborn rats (1 day old) were injected with Zn (10 mg/kg), both MT isoforms were induced on days 2 and 7. Injection of Cd (1 mg/kg) increased the hepatic MT levels only on day 7. The level of MT-2 remained higher than that of MT-1 in all cases. These results suggest that both MT isoforms play a similar role in the metabolism of Zn during early development and the relative abundance of the MT isoforms may be a species-specific phenomenon.Key words: ontogeny, metallothionein, isoforms, immunohistochemistry, metals.

scholarly journals Ontogenic changes in hepatic glutathione and metallothionein in rats and the effect of a low-sulphur-containing diet

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misako Taniguchi ◽  
M. George Cherian
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Newborn Rat ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Hepatic Glutathione ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids ◽  
Bean Protein

Metallothionein contains about 30% cysteine and is a major protein in newborn rat liver. This protein and glutathione constitute two major intracellular cysteine pools in newborn rat liver. When pregnant rats were fed on a soya-bean-protein diet, low in sulphur amino acids, the hepatic glutathione levels of the dams were decreased. However, this did not affect the levels of glutathione or metallothionein in the pups. The activity of the glutathione-degrading enzyme γ-glutamyltransferase (EC2.3.2.2) in the livers of pups was maximum at birth and gradually decreased with age when the hepatic glutathione was transported to the kidney. In the pups born from dams fed on soya-bean-protein diet the decline in the hepatic enzyme activity was delayed, suggesting a continued degradation of glutathione in the liver. These results suggest that even with a maternal nutritional deficiency of sulphur amino acids, the transfer of cysteine to the fetus is not impaired. However, the hepatic intra-organ degradation of glutathione is continued in these pups for a prolonged period after birth compared with pups born from control mothers. The increased degradation of glutathione in the liver may be essential to meet the requirement of cysteine in pups born from dams fed on the soya-bean-protein diet.

Differentiation of liver peroxisomes in the foetal and newborn rat. Cytochemistry of catalase and D-aminoacid oxidase

Development ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-163
Author(s):  
S. Stefanini ◽  
M. G. Farrace ◽  
M. P. Cerù Argento
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Individual Cell ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Newborn Rat ◽  
Foetal Development ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Foetal Rat ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Liver Peroxisomes

Organules containing cytochemically detectable amounts of catalase and D-aminoacid oxidase activities are observed between the 14th and 21st day of development in the parenchymal cells of the foetal rat liver and in the liver of newborn rats. As early as 14 to 15 days, a limited number of small microperoxisomes, scattered in the cytoplasm of very few hepatocytes, can be found. These are roundish shaped, have a granulous matrix and contain very low, hardly detectable levels of the above mentioned enzymes. In later development both the size and the enzymatic content of the organules gradually increase, approaching adult levels at the end of foetal development. Starting from the 18th to 19th day of intrauterine life nucleoids can be seen in many peroxisomes. The morphological and biochemical maturation from microperoxisomes to peroxisomes is accompanied by a gradual increase in the number of stainable organules, both per individual cell and per tissue area.

Effects of Steroids on Fetal Rat Liver

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Methyl Prednisolone ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Fetal Rat Liver ◽  
Neonatal Liver

Fetal and neonatal liver injury induced by agents circulating in maternal plasma, even though well recognized, its morphological manifestations are not yet established. As part of our studies of fetal and neonatal liver injury induced by maternal nutritional disorders, metabolic impairment and toxic agents, the effects of two anti-inflammatory steroids have been recently inves tigated.Triamcinolone and methyl prednisolone were injected each in a group of rats during pregnancy at a-dosage level of 2 mgm three times a week. Fetal liver was studied at 18 days of gestation. Litter size and weight markedly decreased than those of control rats. Stillbirths and resorption were of higher incidence in the triamcinolone group than in those given the prednisolone.

Effect of prenatal isoxsuprine on pulmonary oxygen toxicity in the newborn rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Frank ◽  
J. Summerville ◽  
D. Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxygen Toxicity ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Hyperoxic Exposure

Isoxsuprine, a beta-sympathomimetic agent used clinically to delay premature parturition and to possibly accelerate fetal lung maturation, was administered to pregnant rats at 48 and 24 h prior to delivery. Newborn rats were placed in 96-98% O2 (or room air) to determine if the prenatal isoxsuprine treatment compromised their tolerance to prolonged hyperoxic exposure. (Exogenous catecholamines are known to exacerbate O2 toxicity in adult animals). Survival of the isoxsuprine-treated pups in O2 (52%) was no different than for control neonates exposed to hyperoxia for 7 days (57%) (P = 0.22). Body weight, lung weight, lung protein, and DNA content of the newborns were also not altered by the prenatal isoxsuprine treatment. Lung antioxidant enzyme activities for superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were the same at birth in the isoxsuprine-treated and control rat pups, and the enzyme activities increased in response to hyperoxic exposure in each group to an equivalent degree. Thus, in utero treatment with isoxsuprine had no apparent adverse effect on newborn rats exposed to a prolonged O2 challenge.

Intestinal microflora of the newborn rat as related to mammary, faecal, and vaginal Staphylococci strains isolated from the dam

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 989-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brunel ◽  
P. Gouet
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Taxonomy ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Newborn Rat ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

To determine the relative importance of maternal microflora (faeces, vagina, and teats) in the contamination of newborn rats, strains of staphylococci from six different families (dam + litter) were isolated. These strains were identified, and by means of numerical profiles analyzed for their degree of similarity for each litter and (or) biotope. The staphylococci strains found in the gut of the newborn rat originated first from the teats and thereafter from the faeces. Concomitant observation of some identical strains, however, suggested a certain degree of similarity between these two maternal biotopes in this animal.Key words: intestinal microflora, newborn, dam, staphylococci, numerical taxonomy.

scholarly journals Developmentally regulated interactions of liver nuclear factors with the rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2418-2422 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Trus ◽  
N Benvenisty ◽  
H Cohen ◽  
L Reshef
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Sequential Pattern ◽  
Late Development ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Nuclear Factors

A sequential pattern of interactions of trans-acting factors in rat liver with the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter during late development was observed. A liver-enriched factor, possibly AF1, interacted with the promoter in fetal liver, whereas a factor with the characteristics of C/EBP bound the promoter after birth with the onset of the gene expression.

SEROLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR EVALUATION OF MIGRATORY TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS LARVAE IN BLOOD OF HUMANS IN KADUNA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
Paul Isaac Ojodale ◽  
Helen Ileigo Inabo ◽  
Elijah Ekah Ella ◽  
Oluyinka Oluseyi Okubanjo
Keyword(s):  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Atp6 Gene ◽  
Amplicon Size ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific

Trichinellosis is an important food-borne zoonotic disease with public health implications and a worldwide distribution. In this study, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) procedure using species specific ATP6 primers was used to detect the presence of migratory Trichinella spiralis larval mitochondrial ATP6 synthase F0 subunit (ATP6) gene, after detection of antibodies to Trichinella excretory-secretory (E/S) antigen using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), in blood of humans in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria. The sera of 210 participants were tested for antibodies to Trichinella E/S antigen. Overall seroprevalence rate of 39% (82/210) was recorded using ELISA. Out of the 9 ELISA samples selected randomly, PCR detected migratory Trichinella spiralis larval ATP6 gene in 4 (44.4%) at the amplicon size of 250 base pairs using the whole blood of the participants.  The 9 samples comprised 7 seropositive and 2 seronegative. The bands at lanes 1, 2, 3 and 4 were positive for ATP6 while lanes 5,6,7,8 and 9 were negative for ATP6.  Lanes 4 and 5 were ELISA negative for anti-Trichinella antibodies. One in 5 of the 128 ELISA negative samples was positive for ATP6 representing a 25.6% prevalence rate by extrapolation.  PCR using ATP6 gene as a genetic marker is valuable for the detection of T. spiralis migratory larvae in blood samples of humans and consequently the early diagnosis of trichinellosis in humans.

A sublethal dose of LPS to pregnant rats induces TNF-alpha tolerance in their 0-day-old offspring

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (3) ◽  
pp. R1158-R1162
Author(s):  
M. Goto ◽  
T. Yoshioka ◽  
R. I. Young ◽  
T. Battelino ◽  
C. L. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Dose ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Endotoxic Shock ◽  
Endotoxin Tolerance ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Factor Alpha

The newborn has high mortality in septic shock. Induction of endotoxin tolerance may prevent endotoxic shock in the newborn. The present study showed that a small dose of Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (S. ent. LPS), Rc mutant Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (J5 LPS), or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) given to pregnant rats on the 19th day of gestation induced endotoxin tolerance in their 0-day-old offspring. S. ent. LPS or J5 LPS injected into pregnant rats increased plasma endotoxin-like activity in dams, although not in their fetuses, and increased plasma TNF-alpha concentration in both dams and their fetuses. The endotoxin-tolerant newborn rats were also resistant to TNF-alpha. In those newborn rats, an LPS injection increased plasma TNF-alpha concentration and liver TNF-alpha mRNA abundance. These experiments showed that the endotoxin tolerance could be due to TNF-alpha tolerance. In conclusion, prenatal treatment of dams with a small dose of S. ent. LPS, J5 LPS, or TNF-alpha was beneficial in preventing endotoxic shock in the newborn.

scholarly journals Acute Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi Malaria Infection Induces Antibodies Which Bind to the Surfaces of Parasitized Erythrocytes and Promote Their Phagocytosis by Macrophages In Vitro

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 4080-4086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M. Mota ◽  
K. Neil Brown ◽  
Anthony A. Holder ◽  
William Jarra
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Clearance ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Parasite Line ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Plasmodium Chabaudi ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Variant Line

ABSTRACT CBA/Ca mice infected with 5 × 104 Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS-parasitized erythrocytes experience acute but self-limiting infections of relatively short duration. Parasitemia peaks (∼40% infected erythrocytes) on day 10 or 11 and is then partially resolved over the ensuing 5 to 6 days, a period referred to as crisis. How humoral and cellular immune mechanisms contribute to parasite killing and/or clearance during crisis is controversial. Humoral immunity might be parasite variant, line, or species specific, while cellular immune responses would be relatively less specific. For P. c. chabaudi AS, parasite clearance is largely species and line specific during this time, which suggests a primary role for antibody activity. Accordingly, acute-phase plasma (APP; taken fromP. c. chabaudi AS-infected mice at day 11 or 12 postinfection) was examined for the presence of parasite-specific antibody activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody binding to the surface of intact, live parasitized erythrocytes, particularly those containing mature (trophozoite and schizont) parasites, was demonstrated by immunofluorescence in APP and the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-containing fraction thereof. Unfractionated APP (from P. c. chabaudi AS-infected mice), as well as its IgG fraction, specifically mediated the opsonization and internalization of P. c. chabaudi AS-parasitized erythrocytes by macrophages in vitro. APP from another parasite line (P. c. chabaudi CB) did not mediate the same effect against P. c. chabaudi AS-parasitized erythrocytes. These results, which may represent one mechanism of parasite removal during crisis, are discussed in relation to the parasite variant, line, and species specificity of parasite clearance during this time.

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