G1 cyclins regulate proliferation of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 946-953
Author(s):  
Adele Rowley ◽  
Gerald C. Johnston ◽  
Richard A. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Cycle Regulation

The eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated at two points, the G1-S and G2-M boundaries. The molecular basis for these regulatory activities has recently been elucidated, in large part by the use of molecular and genetic analyses using unicellular yeast. The molecular characterization of cell-cycle regulation has revealed striking functional conservation among evolutionarily diverse cell types. For many eukaryotic cells, regulation of cell proliferation occurs primarily in the G1 interval. The G2 regulatory step, termed start, requires the activation of a highly conserved p34 protein kinase by association with a functionally redundant family of proteins, the G1 cyclins. Here we review studies using the genetically tractable budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which have provided insight into the role of G1 cyclins in the regulation of start.Key words: cell cycle, cyclin proteins, cdc2 protein kinase, start.

scholarly journals The Budding Yeast “Saccharomyces cerevisiae” as a Drug Discovery Tool to Identify Plant-Derived Natural Products with Anti-Proliferative Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouchra Qaddouri ◽  
Abdelkarim Guaadaoui ◽  
Ahmed Bellirou ◽  
Abdellah Hamal ◽  
Ahmed Melhaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Fungal Genes ◽  
New Compounds

The budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeis a valuable system to study cell-cycle regulation, which is defective in cancer cells. Due to the highly conserved nature of the cell-cycle machinery between yeast and humans, yeast studies are directly relevant to anticancer-drug discovery. The budding yeast is also an excellent model system for identifying and studying antifungal compounds because of the functional conservation of fungal genes. Moreover, yeast studies have also contributed greatly to our understanding of the biological targets and modes of action of bioactive compounds. Understanding the mechanism of action of clinically relevant compounds is essential for the design of improved second-generation molecules. Here we describe our methodology for screening a library of plant-derived natural products in yeast in order to identify and characterize new compounds with anti-proliferative properties.

scholarly journals Punctuated Aneuploidization of the Budding Yeast Genome

Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 216 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia R. Heasley ◽  
Ruth A. Watson ◽  
Juan Lucas Argueso
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Genomic Instability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Yeast Genome ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Brewing Yeasts

Remarkably complex patterns of aneuploidy have been observed in the genomes of many eukaryotic cell types, ranging from brewing yeasts to tumor cells. Such aberrant karyotypes are generally thought to take shape progressively over many generations, but evidence also suggests that genomes may undergo faster modes of evolution. Here, we used diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to investigate the dynamics with which aneuploidies arise. We found that cells selected for the loss of a single chromosome often acquired additional unselected aneuploidies concomitantly. The degrees to which these genomes were altered fell along a spectrum, ranging from simple events affecting just a single chromosome, to systemic events involving many. The striking complexity of karyotypes arising from systemic events, combined with the high frequency at which we detected them, demonstrates that cells can rapidly achieve highly altered genomic configurations during temporally restricted episodes of genomic instability.

Lipid Rafts in Protein Sorting and Cell Polarity in Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2002 ◽  
Vol 383 (10) ◽  
pp. 1475-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bagnat ◽  
K. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Lipid Rafts ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Protein Sorting ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Acyl Chains

Abstract Cellular membranes contain many types and species of lipids. One of the most important functional consequences of this heterogeneity is the existence of microdomains within the plane of the membrane. Sphingolipid acyl chains have the ability of forming tightly packed platforms together with sterols. These platforms or lipid rafts constitute segregation and sorting devices into which proteins specifically associate. In budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lipid rafts serve as sorting platforms for proteins destined to the cell surface. The segregation capacity of rafts also provides the basis for the polarization of proteins at the cell surface during mating. Here we discuss some recent findings that stress the role of lipid rafts as key players in yeast protein sorting and cell polarity.

Phosphorylation of Cdc28 and regulation of cell size by the protein kinase CKII in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2000 ◽  
Vol 351 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Luigi RUSSO ◽  
Christian VAN DEN BOS ◽  
Ann SUTTON ◽  
Paola COCCETTI ◽  
Maurizio D. BARONI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Peptide Mapping ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Cell Division Cycle ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Protein Kinase Ckii

The CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) family of enzymes is required for the G1-to-S-phase and G2-to-M-phase transitions during the cell-division cycle of eukaryotes. We have shown previously that the protein kinase CKII catalyses the phosphorylation of Ser-39 in Cdc2 during the G1 phase of the HeLa cell-division cycle [Russo, Vandenberg, Yu, Bae, Franza and Marshak (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 20317–20325]. To identify a functional role for this phosphorylation, we have studied the homologous enzymes in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The S. cerevisiae homologue of Cdc2, Cdc28, contains a consensus CKII site (Ser-46), which is homologous with that of human Cdc2. Using in vitro kinase assays, metabolic labelling, peptide mapping and phosphoamino acid analysis, we demonstrate that this site is phosphorylated in Cdc28 in vivo as well in vitro. In addition, S. cerevisiae cells in which Ser-46 has been mutated to alanine show a decrease in both cell volume and protein content of 33%, and this effect is most pronounced in the stationary phase. Because cell size in S. cerevisiae is regulated primarily at the G1 stage, we suggest that CKII contributes to the regulation of the cell cycle in budding yeast by phosphorylation of Cdc28 as a checkpoint for G1 progression.

Localization of a 210-kDa microtubule-interacting protein in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hašek ◽  
J. Jochová ◽  
P. Dráber ◽  
V. Viklický ◽  
E. Streiblová
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubules

Using the monoclonal antibody MA-01, which recognizes a 210-kDa protein in cell-free extracts, spindle and cytoplasmic microtubules were visualized in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In additional, a spot-like staining was found beneath the plasma membrane, revealing in part correlation with F-actin distribution. This pattern was common for cells of all cell-cycle stages. The interaction of the protein recognized by MA-01 with microtubules was confirmed in the double labeling with a polyclonal antitubulin antibody and by the sensitivity of intranuclear structures stained by MA-01 to the microtubule disrupting drug nocodazole. Key words: immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, microtubule-interacting protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

scholarly journals Symmetric cell division in pseudohyphae of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1003-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Kron ◽  
C A Styles ◽  
G R Fink
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Mother And Daughter ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Unique Cell

Laboratory strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are dimorphic; in response to nitrogen starvation they switch from a yeast form (YF) to a filamentous pseudohyphal (PH) form. Time-lapse video microscopy of dividing cells reveals that YF and PH cells differ in their cell cycles and budding polarity. The YF cell cycle is controlled at the G1/S transition by the cell-size checkpoint Start. YF cells divide asymmetrically, producing small daughters from full-sized mothers. As a result, mothers and daughters bud asynchronously. Mothers bud immediately but daughters grow in G1 until they achieve a critical cell size. By contrast, PH cells divide symmetrically, restricting mitosis until the bud grows to the size of the mother. Thus, mother and daughter bud synchronously in the next cycle, without a G1 delay before Start. YF and PH cells also exhibit distinct bud-site selection patterns. YF cells are bipolar, producing their second and subsequent buds at either pole. PH cells are unipolar, producing their second and subsequent buds only from the end opposite the junction with their mother. We propose that in PH cells a G2 cell-size checkpoint delays mitosis until bud size reaches that of the mother cell. We conclude that yeast and PH forms are distinct cell types each with a unique cell cycle, budding pattern, and cell shape.

scholarly journals Using Budding Yeast to Identify Molecules That Block Cancer Cell ‘Mitotic Slippage’ Only in the Presence of Mitotic Poisons

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7985
Author(s):  
Scott C. Schuyler ◽  
Hsin-Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Mitotic Checkpoint ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cell Cycle Checkpoints ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mitotic Slippage

Research on the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has yielded fundamental discoveries on highly conserved biological pathways and yeast remains the best-studied eukaryotic cell in the world. Studies on the mitotic cell cycle and the discovery of cell cycle checkpoints in budding yeast has led to a detailed, although incomplete, understanding of eukaryotic cell cycle progression. In multicellular eukaryotic organisms, uncontrolled aberrant cell division is the defining feature of cancer. Some of the most successful classes of anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents are mitotic poisons. Mitotic poisons are thought to function by inducing a mitotic spindle checkpoint-dependent cell cycle arrest, via the assembly of the highly conserved mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), leading to apoptosis. Even in the presence of mitotic poisons, some cancer cells continue cell division via ‘mitotic slippage’, which may correlate with a cancer becoming refractory to mitotic poison chemotherapeutic treatments. In this review, knowledge about budding yeast cell cycle control is explored to suggest novel potential drug targets, namely, specific regions in the highly conserved anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) subunits Apc1 and/or Apc5, and in a specific N-terminal region in the APC/C co-factor cell division cycle 20 (Cdc20), which may yield molecules which block ‘mitotic slippage’ only in the presence of mitotic poisons.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document