Triacylglycerols of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis var. dura) mesocarp during fruit maturation

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony U. Osagie ◽  
Maureen E. Bafor
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Triacylglycerol Species

Changes in triacylglycerol pattern in the mesocarp of developing oil palm fruit were studied. The triacylglycerols were isolated by thin-layer chromatography of the neutral lipid fraction on silica gel plates and further resolved by argentation chromatography. The component fatty acids of individual triacylglycerols were analysed and particular distributions and changes were noted. The triacylglycerol content increased with mesocarp age, accounting for over 90% of the mature mesocarp neutral lipids. The immature fruit mesocarp triacylglycerols contained predominantly saturated fatty acids, whereas the major fatty acid component of the mature fruit mesocarp triacylglycerols was monounsaturated. Only one species of triacylglycerol was present in the mesocarp during the first 14 weeks after anthesis. Three triacylglycerol species were present at 16 weeks after anthesis, whereas six triacylglycerol species were identified from 17 weeks on.Key words: Elaeis guineensis, oil palm mesocarp, triacylglycerols, fatty acids, maturation.

scholarly journals Brief Review on the Controversies around Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Production and Palm Oil Consumption

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong ◽  
Hermine Ngalle-Bille ◽  
Walter Ajambang ◽  
Benoit Constant Likeng-Li-Ngue ◽  
Tabi-Mbi Kingsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Oil Palm Industry ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Production

Palm oil from <em>Elaeis guineensis</em> Jacq. of the Arecaceae family is the main traditional cooking oil in most parts of tropical Africa. Oil palm cultivation requires large areas of land and the consumption of crude palm oil from it raises health concerns notably with regards to the incidence of cardiovascular disease and obesity. The industry has therefore been faced with two major controversies. Firstly, palm oil which contains about 50% saturated fatty acids is considered to be unhealthy for human consumption because its saturated fatty acids raise blood LDL cholesterol level and increase the risk of the above mentioned diseases. Secondly, due to its land intensive nature, the oil palm industry is linked to deforestation, climate change and socioeconomic instability. For these reasons, the oil palm industry has been at the forefront of environmental and reputational challenges. This paper briefly presents an overview of these controversies surrounding the oil palm industry, while highlighting the possible outlets for environmentally friendly production processes and improvement strategies for better oil quality.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF GENE KETOACYL-ACP SYNTHASE II (KAS II) β ON Elaeis guineensis, Elaeis oleifera, AND INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
Heri Adriwan Siregar ◽  
Sri Wening ◽  
Abdul Razak Purba
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Species Difference ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
High Level

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is currently the highest edible oil-producing plant in the world. E. oleifera is another species of oil palm that is not widely cultivated due to lower productivity. Oil extracted from E. guineensis has a balance ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids level, while E. oleifera has a higher unsaturated fatty acids. Long chain saturated fatty acids are more harmful for human health than unsaturated fatty acids. Gene encoding β-ketoacyl ACP synthase II (KAS II, EC 2.3.1.179) was studied, as this enzyme is responsible for biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Observation and analysis were conducted for KAS II gene and fatty acids content of E. guineensis represented by DxP Lame, DxP Langkat and CMR78 samples, E. oleifera represented by Suriname origin, and two hybrids (E. guineensis x E. oleifera (Brazil and Suriname)). The results showed E. oleifera Suriname had the highest concentration of oleic acid, followed by E. guineensis (CMR78). KAS II gene sequences alignment showed some genetic variation within E. guineensis and hybrids, while the high level of variation found between E. guineensis and E. oleifera was considered caused by species difference.

Liposomal Formulations from Phospholipids of Greek Almond Oil. Properties and Biological Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fotini Malisiova ◽  
Sophia Hatziantoniou ◽  
Kostas Dimas ◽  
Dimitrios Kletstas ◽  
Costas Demetzos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Mature Seed ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Total Lipids

The seeds of the almond tree [(Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb. (syn. Prunus amygdalus)] were collected in two different periods of maturity and were studied for their lipid content. The total lipids (TL) were extracted by the Bligh-Dyer method and the lipid classes have been isolated by chromatographic techniques and were analyzed by HPTLC coupled with a flame ionization detector (HPTLC/FID) and GC-MS. The oils were found to be rich in neutral lipids (89.9% and 96.3% of total lipids) and low in polar lipids (10.1% and 3.7% of total lipids) for the immature and mature seed oils, respectively. The neutral lipid fraction consisted mainly of triacylglycerides whereas the polar lipids mainly consisted of phospholipids. GC-MS data showed that the main fatty acid for both oils was 9-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid). The unsaturated fatty acids were found as high as 89.4% and 89.7%, while the percentage of the saturated fatty acids was found 10.6% and 10.3% for the immature and mature seed oils, respectively. Liposomes were prepared from the isolated phospholipids using the thin lipid film methodology, and their physical properties were characterized. Cytotoxicity was found absent when assayed against normal and cancerous cell lines. These new formulations may have future applications for encapsulation and delivery of drugs and cosmetically active ingredients.

Characterization of Newborn Fecal Lipid

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-515
Author(s):  
John B. Watkins ◽  
C. Michael Bliss ◽  
Robert M. Donaldson ◽  
Roger Lester
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fecal Lipid ◽  
Lipid Excretion ◽  
Long Chain

Fecal lipid excretion was quantitated and analyzed in two groups of normal infants 3 to 11 days and 23 to 72 days of age. Total lipid excretion was similar in both groups averaging 10.8% of dietary intake. Fecal lipid was partitioned into four fractions: neutral lipids, insoluble divalent calcium soaps, ionized fatty acids and bound lipids. The neutral lipid fraction predominated in both groups, equalling 56 ± 5.3% (mean ± S.E.M.) of fecal lipid. It contained significant quantities of glycerides (13.6 ± 6.0% of the total lipid excreted). Calcium soaps comprised the other major fraction (25 ± 5.3%); analysis of this fraction by gas liquid chromatography showed that it contained primarily long-chain saturated fatty acids. The demonstration of glycerides in fecal lipid establishes that lipolysis is defective in newborn infants. Identification of long-chain saturated fatty acids in the calcium soap fraction documents the association between calcium and saturated fatty acid excretion. The presence of fecal monoglyceride, while conceivably the result of colonic bacterial hydrolysis of triglyceride, raises the possibility that lipid micellization and/or mucosal transport is insufficient for optimal lipid absorption. Thus, the intraluminal phase and possibly the mucosal phase of lipid absorption are not fully developed in the full-term newborn infant.

A comparison of fatty acid profiles and lipolysis during ripening of dry-cured loins obtained from a native pig breed (ChatoMurciano) and from a modern crossbreed pig

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Tejada ◽  
Eva Salazar ◽  
Adela Abellán ◽  
Begoña Peinado ◽  
Juana Mulero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Lipid Fractions

The fatty acid composition of neutral lipids (NL), polar lipids (PL) and free fatty acids (FFA) was analysed in dry-cured loins obtained from the native pig breed Chato Murciano (CM) and from a modern crossbreed pig genotype (CG) during the ripening stage (between the 30 and 60 days of processing). Fatty acid concentrations from neutral lipids, polar lipids and free fatty acid fractions were affected by breed. With respect to ripening time, lipolysis was more intense in the CG than in CM product, resulting in a decrease in the concentrations of fatty acids in the NL and PL fractions, accompanied by a corresponding increase in FFA. Results for lipid determination provided evidence that the concentrations of the different groups of fatty acids within the lipid fractions depend on the breed. In order of abundance, the groups of fatty acids in the neutral lipid fraction were monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) > saturated fatty acids (SFA) > polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (59%, 37% and 4% in CM; 58%, 35% and 6% in CG) at 60 days of processing. In the polar lipid fraction, the order was SFA > PUFA > MUFA (44%, 29% and 27% in CM; 42%, 38% and 20% in CG), and in free fatty acid fraction, the order was MUFA > PUFA > SFA (40%, 30%, and 30% in CM; 39%, 32%, and 29% in CG) at 60 days of processing.

CHARACTERIZATION OF GENE KETOACYL-ACP SYNTHASE II (KAS II) β ON Elaeis guineensis, Elaeis oleifera, AND INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
Heri Adriwan Siregar ◽  
Sri Wening ◽  
Abdul Razak Purba
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Species Difference ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
High Level

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is currently the highest edible oil-producing plant in the world. E. oleifera is another species of oil palm that is not widely cultivated due to lower productivity. Oil extracted from E. guineensis has a balance ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids level, while E. oleifera has a higher unsaturated fatty acids. Long chain saturated fatty acids are more harmful for human health than unsaturated fatty acids. Gene encoding β-ketoacyl ACP synthase II (KAS II, EC 2.3.1.179) was studied, as this enzyme is responsible for biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Observation and analysis were conducted for KAS II gene and fatty acids content of E. guineensis represented by DxP Lame, DxP Langkat and CMR78 samples, E. oleifera represented by Suriname origin, and two hybrids (E. guineensis x E. oleifera (Brazil and Suriname)). The results showed E. oleifera Suriname had the highest concentration of oleic acid, followed by E. guineensis (CMR78). KAS II gene sequences alignment showed some genetic variation within E. guineensis and hybrids, while the high level of variation found between E. guineensis and E. oleifera was considered caused by species difference.

Lipid Analysis of Greek Walnut Oil (Juglans regia L.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Tsamouris ◽  
Sophia Hatziantoniou ◽  
Costas Demetzos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Walnut Oil

The walnut oil (Juglans regia L.) total lipids (TL) were extracted by the Bligh-Dyer method and the lipid classes have been isolated by chromatographic techniques and they were analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) /FID and GC-MS. The oil was found to be rich in neutral lipids (96.9% of total lipids) and low in polar lipids (3.1% of total lipids). The neutral lipid fraction consisted mainly of triacylglycerides whereas the polar lipids mainly consisted of sphingolipids. GC-MS data showed that the main fatty acid was linoleic acid. Unsaturated fatty acids were found as high as 85%, while the percentage of the saturated fatty acids was found 15%. Two types of liposomes were prepared from the isolated walnut oil phospholipids and characterized as new formulations. These formulations may have future applications for encapsulation and delivery of drugs and cosmetic active ingredients.

scholarly journals Health-Promoting Properties of the Wild-Harvested Meat of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2108
Author(s):  
Anna Milczarek ◽  
Alina Janocha ◽  
Grażyna Niedziałek ◽  
Michalina Zowczak-Romanowicz ◽  
Elżbieta Horoszewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Health Promoting

The present studies aimed to analyse and assess the health-promoting properties of the musculus semimembranosus (MS) of roe and red deer harvested in the wild. The experimental materials comprising the carcasses of roe deer (15 does and 15 bucks) and red deer (15 hinds and 15 stags) were selected for analysis based on the following criteria: age of animals at harvest—3–4 years; time that passed from the harvest of animals to carcass cutting—48–54 h. After chilling the carcasses for 24 h at +2 °C, the haunches were cut from the carcasses and transported to the laboratory in isothermal ice-packed containers. Samples of the musculus semimembranosus were analysed to determine the chemical composition (proximate components, energy value, Fe, Pb, Cd, fatty acids). More (p ≤ 0.05) dry matter and total protein and less (p ≤ 0.05) crude fat was found in the musculus semimembranosus of roe deer in comparison to red deer. No significant influence of the animal’s sex was observed in the content of the evaluated nutrients, apart from crude fat content, which was increased in the haunch of females from both species. The energy content in the muscle of roe deer was 10% higher than the energy value of MS in red deer (p ≤ 0.05). The content of iron was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher (6.64 mg/kg) in the meat of red deer compared to the meat of roe deer (31.68 mg/kg). Roe deer haunch contained more lead but less cadmium than red deer haunch. Irrespective of sex, the lipid fraction of red deer muscle contained more saturated fatty acids (SFA). Intramuscular fat (IMF) in roe deer meat contained a higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) index values were significantly lower in roe deer haunch, and the hypocholesterolaemic-to-hypercholesterolaemic fatty acids ratio (HH) was lower (p ≤ 0.05) in red deer meat. To sum up, the evaluated roe deer and red deer haunch featured high dietary value as it contained a high protein and low fat content and had an advantageous fatty acids composition. As regards the content of cadmium and lead, roe deer and red deer haunch can be considered safe for consumers.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids Profiles of Stipe and Blade from the Norwegian Brown Macroalga Laminaria hyperborea, Using Off-Line SPE and GC-MS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Oksdøl Foseid ◽  
Hanne Devle ◽  
Yngve Stenstrøm ◽  
Carl Fredrik Naess-Andresen ◽  
Dag Ekeberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Laminaria Hyperborea ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lipid Fractions

A thorough analysis and comparison of the fatty acid profiles of stipe and blade from Laminaria hyperborea, a kelp species found in the northern Atlantic, is presented. Lipids were extracted and fractionated into neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipids, then derivatized to fatty acid methyl esters prior to GC-MS analysis. A total of 42 fatty acids were identified and quantified, including the n-3 fatty acids &alpha;-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. An n-6/n-3 ratio of 0.8:1 was found in blade and 3.5:1 in stipe, respectively. The ratios vary between the lipid fractions within stipe and blade, with the lowest ratio in the polar lipid fraction of blade. The fatty acid amounts are higher in blade than in stipe, and the highest amounts of n-3 fatty acids are found within the neutral lipid fractions. The amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids are 3.4 times higher in blade than stipe. This study highlights the compositional differences between the lipid fractions of stipe and blade from L. hyperborea. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, compared to saturated- and monounsaturated fatty acids, as well as the n-6/n-3-ratio, is known to influence human health. In the pharmaceutical, food, and feed industries this can be of importance for production and sale of different health products. Additionally, lipids are today among the unused by products of alginate production, exploiting this material for commercial interest should give both economical and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Severity of Physiological Disorders of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. L.) in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Fred Bwayo Masika ◽  
Isaac Danso ◽  
Rossette Nangonzi ◽  
Otuba Moses Amugoli ◽  
Alex Asiimwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Smallholder Farmer ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Physiological Disorders ◽  
Adaptive Trials ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Corporate Investors

In Africa, oil palm is grown in 25 countries supported by corporate investors. In Uganda, commercial oil palm cultivation began in 2005 in Bugala Islands. Seedlings were imported from countries with established breeding programs. These seedlings were grown in areas with different environmental conditions which have resulted in a number of physiological disorders. The aim of this research was to determine the major physiological disorders in oil palm fruit bunches in Uganda. The study was carried out in the adaptive trials in Kagadi, Bugiri, Buvuma and Masaka Districts and in the different smallholder farmer blocks in Kalangala District. Data was collected on bunch rot, bunch failure and uneven ripening. Sampling was carried out in oil palm plantations above five years of age. Three fields were selected from each unit and three units from each block by the help of the Agricultural Extension Officers (AEOs). Palms were randomly sampled and assessed for presence of bunch rot, bunch failure and uneven ripening symptoms. The incidence was expressed as a percentage of the total number of palms sampled while the severity of bunch rot disease was scored on a scale of 0-4. From the results, the differences in bunch rot and bunch failure in adaptive trials were statistically significant as well as across seasons (P &lt; 0.05). Uneven ripening was not statistically significant and severity of bunch rot in the different farmer blocks in Kalangala was statistically significant (P = 0.03). Uneven ripening was high across smallholder farmer blocks in Kalangala and was statistically significant (P = 0.05) even across seasons (P &lt; 0.05). These results are important for sensitization of farmers on management of oil palm disorders and essential for guiding policy makers and investors as the oil palm industrial sector is being developed in Uganda. This study calls for determination of water deficit at the various ecological zones and its relationship to physiological disorders as a guide for further oil palm estate development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document