Use of protoplast fusion systems to study organelle genetics in a commercially important crop

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Kemble ◽  
Tina L. Barsby
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Protoplast Fusion ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Fusion Systems ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Organelle Genetics ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Fusion Products

Protoplast fusion can overcome the sexual incompatibility barriers that exist between different plant species and can give rise to novel plants that cannot be produced in nature. It therefore provides a new source of genetic variation, particularly within the cytoplasmic organelles. We review the mixtures, rearrangements, and recombinations of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes in plants regenerated from protoplast fusion products. Particular emphasis is placed on canola fusion systems that are being utilized in the commercial production of hybrid seed for a worldwide market.

scholarly journals Organelle Genetics in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2104
Author(s):  
Pedro Robles ◽  
Víctor Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Rna Editing ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Plant Mitochondria ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Organelle Genetics ◽  
Selection Of

Eleven published articles (4 reviews, 7 research papers) are collected in the Special Issue entitled “Organelle Genetics in Plants.” This selection of papers covers a wide range of topics related to chloroplasts and plant mitochondria research: (i) organellar gene expression (OGE) and, more specifically, chloroplast RNA editing in soybean, mitochondria RNA editing, and intron splicing in soybean during nodulation, as well as the study of the roles of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of OGE in plant adaptation to environmental stress; (ii) analysis of the nuclear integrants of mitochondrial DNA (NUMTs) or plastid DNA (NUPTs); (iii) sequencing and characterization of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes; (iv) recent advances in plastid genome engineering. Here we summarize the main findings of these works, which represent the latest research on the genetics, genomics, and biotechnology of chloroplasts and mitochondria.

scholarly journals MODIFICATION OF CHLOROPLAST GENE TRANSMISSION IN SOMATIC FUSION PRODUCTS AND VEGETATIVE ZYGOTES OF CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI BY 5-FLUORODEOXYURIDINE

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 99 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 371-381
Author(s):  
Rene F Matagne ◽  
Marie-Paule Hermesse
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Gene ◽  
Maternal Transmission ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Somatic Fusion ◽  
Chloroplast Markers ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Sexual Crosses ◽  
Fusion Products ◽  
Allele Transmission

ABSTRACT Sexual crosses and somatic fusions were performed between complementing wall-less arg- mutant strains bearing chloroplast markers for resistance to antibiotics. The mode of chloroplast allele transmission was investigated in the diploid colonies developed from both vegetative zygotes and fusion products. Before mating or fusion, one or both of the parental strains were grown for 4 or 8 days on agar containing 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR, 0.1 to 1.0 mM), which selectively reduces the amount of chloroplast DNA in Chlamydomonas. When one parent was pregrown on FUdR, the frequency of vegetative zygotes transmitting chloroplast alleles of both parents (biparental or BP zygotes) decreased, the reduction being more drastic when the mt parent was treated. Transmission was mainly uniparental maternal (UPm) or paternal (UPp) depending on whether the mt- or the mt+ parent was pregrown for 8 days in the presence of 1 .OmM FUdR. Treatment of both parents led to a strong maternal transmission. In the experiments involving somatic fusion between parent 1 and parent 2(same or opposite mt), the ratio UP1/UP2, which was approximately equal to 1 in the control, decreased or increased according to whether the cells of parent 1 or 2 were pregrown on FUdR. In parallel, the frequency of BP fusion products always decreased. When both parental strains were treated with FUdR, the frequency of BP fusion products also decreased and the ratio UP,/cTP, was roughly equal to 1. The effect of FUdR can be interpreted in terms of reduction of the input frequencies of parental chloroplast genomes at the time of gametic or somatic cell fusion, the bias in favor of the maternal parent being operational only in sexual crosses.

scholarly journals Conservation genetics of the threatened plant species Physaria filiformis (Missouri bladderpod) reveals strong genetic structure and a possible cryptic species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247586
Author(s):  
Christine E. Edwards ◽  
Brooke C. Tessier ◽  
Joel F. Swift ◽  
Burgund Bassüner ◽  
Alexander G. Linan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Genetic Clusters

Understanding genetic diversity and structure in a rare species is critical for prioritizing both in situ and ex situ conservation efforts. One such rare species is Physaria filiformis (Brassicaceae), a threatened, winter annual plant species. The species has a naturally fragmented distribution, occupying three different soil types spread across four disjunct geographical locations in Missouri and Arkansas. The goals of this study were to understand: (1) whether factors associated with fragmentation and small population size (i.e., inbreeding, genetic drift or genetic bottlenecks) have reduced levels of genetic diversity, (2) how genetic variation is structured and which factors have influenced genetic structure, and (3) how much extant genetic variation of P. filiformis is currently publicly protected and the implications for the development of conservation strategies to protect its genetic diversity. Using 16 microsatellite markers, we genotyped individuals from 20 populations of P. filiformis from across its geographical range and one population of Physaria gracilis for comparison and analyzed genetic diversity and structure. Populations of P. filiformis showed comparable levels of genetic diversity to its congener, except a single population in northwest Arkansas showed evidence of a genetic bottleneck and two populations in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas showed lower genetic variation, consistent with genetic drift. Populations showed isolation by distance, indicating that migration is geographically limited, and analyses of genetic structure grouped individuals into seven geographically structured genetic clusters, with geographic location/spatial separation showing a strong influence on genetic structure. At least one population is protected for all genetic clusters except one in north-central Arkansas, which should therefore be prioritized for protection. Populations in the Ouachita Mountains were genetically divergent from the rest of P. filiformis; future morphological analyses are needed to identify whether it merits recognition as a new, extremely rare species.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of codon usage patterns in chloroplast genomes of six Euphorbiaceae species

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanjun Wang ◽  
Beibei Xu ◽  
Bao Li ◽  
Qingqing Zhou ◽  
Guiyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Codon Usage ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Mutation Pressure ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Exogenous Expression

Euphorbiaceae plants are important as suppliers of biodiesel. In the current study, the codon usage patterns and sources of variance in chloroplast genome sequences of six different Euphorbiaceae plant species have been systematically analyzed. Our results revealed that the chloroplast genomes of six Euphorbiaceae plant species were biased towards A/T bases and A/T-ending codons, followed by detection of 17 identical high-frequency codons including GCT, TGT, GAT, GAA, TTT, GGA, CAT, AAA, TTA, AAT, CCT, CAA, AGA, TCT, ACT, TAT and TAA. It was found that mutation pressure was a minor factor affecting the variation of codon usage, however, natural selection played a significant role. Comparative analysis of codon usage frequencies of six Euphorbiaceae plant species with four model organisms reflected that Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae should be considered as suitable exogenous expression receptor systems for chloroplast genes of six Euphorbiaceae plant species. Furthermore, it is optimal to choose Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the exogenous expression receptor. The outcome of the present study might provide important reference information for further understanding the codon usage patterns of chloroplast genomes in other plant species.

Cellular Engineering by Means of Gamma Fusion : Genetic Variation in Fusion Products

1986 ◽  
pp. 260-263
Author(s):  
I. Famelaer ◽  
A. Karp ◽  
V. Sidorov ◽  
I. Negrutiu ◽  
D. Cammaerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cellular Engineering ◽  
Fusion Products

scholarly journals Patterns of genetic variation in European plant species depend on altitude

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Christoph Reisch ◽  
Sergey Rosbakh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Plant Species

scholarly journals Interpretation of patterns of genetic variation in endemic plant species of oceanic islands

2013 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tod F. Stuessy ◽  
Koji Takayama ◽  
Patricio López-Sepúlveda ◽  
Daniel J. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Endemic Plant Species

scholarly journals Correcting Pervasive Errors in Genotypic Datasets to Develop Genetic Maps

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Sadal Hwang ◽  
Tong Geon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Stepwise Procedure ◽  
Mapping Populations

Genetic mapping studies provide improved estimates for novel genomic loci, allelic effects and gene action controlling important traits. Such mapping studies are regularly performed by using a combination of genotypic data (e.g., genotyping markers tagging genetic variation within populations) and phenotypic data of appropriately structured mapping populations. Randomly obtained DNA information and more recent high-throughput genome sequencing efforts have dramatically increased the ability to obtain genetic markers for any plant species. Despite the presence of constantly and rapidly increasing genotypic data, necessary steps to determine whether specific markers can be associated with genetic variation may often be initially neglected, meaning that ever-growing genotypic markers do not necessarily maximize the power of mapping studies and often generate false results. To address this issue, we present a framework for analyzing genotypic data while developing a genetic linkage map. Our goal is to raise awareness of a stepwise procedure in the development of genetic maps as well as to outline the current and potential contribution of this procedure to minimize bias caused by errors in genotypic datasets. Empirical results obtained from the R/qtl package for the statistical language/software R are prepared with details of how we handled genotypic data to develop the genetic map of a major plant species. This study provides a stepwise procedure to correct pervasive errors in genotypic data while developing genetic maps. For use in custom follow-up studies, we provide input files and written R codes.

Genetic Variation in Three Native Plant Species across the State of Minnesota

Crop Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 2379-2389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine M. Moncada ◽  
Nancy J. Ehlke ◽  
Gary J. Muehlbauer ◽  
Craig C. Sheaffer ◽  
Donald L. Wyse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species
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