The roles of epithelial–mesenchymal cell interactions in developmental processes

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 530-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmond J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Kidney Development ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Mesenchymal Cell ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Epithelial Morphogenesis ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Gland Development

This review surveys some recent trends in the study of the developmental interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The influence of such interactions on cell differentiation is considered with reference to kidney development, limb bud development, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, and tooth development. Effects on epithelial morphogenesis are discussed, using salivary gland development as an example. The roles of humoral factors (hormones or growth factors) are considered, and the evidence for the participation of cell adhesion molecules is examined.

scholarly journals R-spondin1 is required for normal epithelial morphogenesis during mammary gland development

2009 ◽  
Vol 390 (3) ◽  
pp. 1040-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sead Chadi ◽  
Laurine Buscara ◽  
Christine Pechoux ◽  
José Costa ◽  
Johann Laubier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
Epithelial Morphogenesis ◽  
Gland Development

Restricted expression of the hyaluronan receptor, CD44, during postimplantation mouse embryogenesis suggests key roles in tissue formation and patterning

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Wheatley ◽  
C.M. Isacke ◽  
P.H. Crossley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Mesenchymal Cell ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Mouse Embryogenesis ◽  
Cd44 Isoforms ◽  
Adhesion Protein ◽  
Polypeptide Growth Factors ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions

CD44 is a multifunctional adhesion protein that acts as a major receptor for the hygroscopic extracellular matrix component, hyaluronan. This receptor-ligand binding directly mediates at least some of the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions ascribed to CD44. Other interactions involving CD44 may be modulated indirectly by its ability to bind growth factors and thereby to promote cell attachment. During vertebrate development, multiple cases of hyaluronan involvement in cell proliferation, cell migration and histogenesis have been documented. In addition, there is evidence suggesting a central role for cell surface glycoproteins and proteoglycans in mediating the action of polypeptide growth factors involved in tissue patterning. In view of this, we undertook to investigate expression of the CD44 protein during postimplantation mouse embryogenesis. Between 9.5 and 12.5 days of embryonic development, the predominant form of CD44 protein corresponds to the hyaluronan-binding CD44H form. However, species with a higher M(r) were also detected, implying that CD44 isoforms generated by alternative splicing of CD44 RNA are employed in normal development. Further, we used mouse embryos to perform whole-mount immunohistochemistry and examine the temporal and spatial distribution of this glycoprotein. CD44 is expressed at high levels in the heart, somites and condensing limb-bud mesenchyme at critical stages of morphogenesis. These sites correlate with regions where hyaluronan has been demonstrated to regulate morphogenetic events. Of novel interest, however, is the high expression of CD44 in regions that do not correlate with sites of known hyaluronan-mediated developmental events. These include instructive epithelia participating in epithelial-mesenchymal cell interactions such as the apical ectodermal ridge of the developing limb bud and the odontogenic placodes of the presumptive upper and lower jaws.

Neural cell adhesion molecules during embryonic induction and development of the kidney

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Klein ◽  
M. Langegger ◽  
C. Goridis ◽  
P. Ekblom
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Kidney Development ◽  
Neural Cell ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Embryonic Induction ◽  
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Neural Cell Adhesion

The neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAM) are a family of related glycoproteins with Mr of 180, 140 and 120 × 10(3) (180K etc.). In the embryo, they are often highly sialylated and migrate as a diffuse band of 170–250K. N-CAM are found in non-neural tissues and we have now studied the expression of N-CAM in the developing mouse kidney. During kidney development, a unique conversion of a mesenchyme to an epithelium occurs and it is thought that this is mediated by an increase in cell adhesivity. By immunofluorescence, we show that N-CAM is present already at onset of kidney development on the cells of the uninduced nephrogenic mesenchyme. After induction, when the cells convert into an epithelium, they lose N-CAM gradually and instead begin to express uvomorulin, another primary CAM. By using an organ culture model, we could rather precisely show that N-CAM and uvomorulin are coexpressed for a short period, but, when epithelial cell polarization is evident, only uvomorulin is present on the epithelium, whereas N-CAM is confined to the surrounding mesenchyme. Immunoblotting for N-CAM revealed that the ‘embryonic’ form of N-CAM, the broad 170–250K band was not present in the embryonic kidney, which instead expressed the three distinct 180K, 140K and 120K bands typical of adult neurones. The 180K and 140K bands were gradually lost during development and were no longer detectable in adult kidneys. By using an N-CAM cDNA, we detected three different mRNAs of 7.4, 6.7 and 4.3 kb in the developing kidney, but this expression was restricted to the embryonic and early postnatal stages. No transcripts were detectable in adult kidneys. The studies do not support the hypothesis that N-CAM expression in the kidney is turned on by embryonic induction. Rather, we suggest that N-CAM are important adhesives for the predetermined, but not yet induced, nephrogenic mesenchyme.

Etudes expérimentales sur le rôle des somites au cours des premiers stades du développement du membre antérieur chez l'embryon du Chélonien Emys orbicularis L.

Development ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-430
Author(s):  
Par J. Vasse
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Emys Orbicularis ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Early Stages

Experimental study on the role of the somites during the early stages of development of the front limbs of the embryo of the chelonian Emys orbicularis L. Ablation of postotic somites 6–13 on one side in embryos of Emys orbicularis L. at the developmental stage when 20–23 somite pairs were present, led to arrest of forelimb-bud development in the somatopleure adjacent to the ablated somites on the operated side. Limb development in the somatopleure adjacent to intact somites on the operated side was unaffected, attaining the same stage as on the non-operated side. Ablation at later stages (25–33 somite pairs) did not prevent development of the limb adjacent to the ablated somites. When a part of the prospective somatopleure was injured, the remaining part formed a small limb-bud. When an obstacle was placed between the somatopleural mesoderm and the adjacent somite, development of the somatopleure stopped at this level. These results corroborate those obtained from previous studies in various reptilian embryos concerning the role of the ventral somite extensions as activators of proliferation in the somatopleural mesoderm. Injury to the ventral extension alone led to serious disturbances in the somatopleural mesoderm adjacent to this somite.

Cell death and the development of limb form and skeletal pattern in normal and wingless (ws) chick embryos

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-772
Author(s):  
J. R. Hinchliffe ◽  
D. A. Ede
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Mesenchymal Cell ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Autoradiographic Analysis ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

The wingless condition resulting from the action of the sex-linked wingless (ws) gene arises from the precocious appearance of cell death in the anterior necrotic zone (ANZ) of the forelimb-bud at stage 19 (3 days) and its progressive extension beyond its normal area during stages 20–23. A similar though less pronounced effect occurs in the hindlimb-bud. Although some wingless hindlimb-buds are normal, others are affected by the precocious appearance of cell death in the ANZ. The ws wingless mutant resembles the different wingless mutant investigated by Zwilling (1956) in that the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is absent in most ws wing-buds. AER absence could be due to ws mesenchymal cell death interfering with the production of apical ectodermal maintenance factor (AEMF), which Zwilling claims is necessary to maintain the AER which plays an essential role in inducing limb outgrowth. Wingless mutant phenotypes range from birds with rudimentary wings and normal legs through a modal type with forelimbs absent and hindlimbs normal to wingless and legless forms showing a high degree of expressivity. Individual wingless embryos vary in the degree to which the precocious ANZ appearing at 3 days is extended into the limb-bud and the wide range of wingless phenotypic expression is attributed to this variation. Electron microscopic and histochemical analysis of the cell death process in wingless wing-buds revealed the presence of both isolated dead cells and macrophages, which contained intense acid phosphatase activity. These findings are interpreted as showing that isolated dead cells are ingested by neighbouring mesenchymal cells which thus become transformed into macrophages, first ingesting and then digesting further dead cells. A study was made of the origin of the anomalous hindlimb condition, including absence or reduction of the tibia and digits, characteristic of severely affected wingless embryos. Autoradiographic analysis of the pattern of 35SO4 uptake revealed that at stage 24/5 (4½ days) wingless hindlimb-buds which were smaller than normal had a normal prospective fibula region, but that the prospective tibia region was small or absent. Thus the effect of a precocious hindlimb ANZ at stages 19–22 is to reduce or delete the pre-axial prospective tibia at stage 24/5.

cBlimp-1 expression in chick limb bud development

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice S. Ha ◽  
Robert D. Riddle
Keyword(s):  
Limb Bud ◽  
Bud Development

Homocysteine decreases chondrocyte-mediated matrix mineralization in differentiating chick limb-bud mesenchymal cell micro-mass cultures

Bone ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Khan ◽  
M Yamauchi ◽  
S Srisawasdi ◽  
D Stiner ◽  
S Doty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesenchymal Cell ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Matrix Mineralization ◽  
Mass Cultures

mRNA expression patterns of the IGF system during mouse limb bud development, determined by whole mount in situ hybridization

1998 ◽  
Vol 138 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein van Kleffens ◽  
Cora Groffen ◽  
Roberto R. Rosato ◽  
Stefan M. van den Eijnde ◽  
Johan W. van Neck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Mouse Limb
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