Presence of α-glucosidases in the male reproductive system of the rat and hormonal influences

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Grandmont ◽  
Pierre Chapdelaine ◽  
Roland R. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

The use of a synthetic substrate (p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucoside) to measure α-glucosidase activity has allowed us to demonstrate the presence of acid and neutral α-glucosidases in the reproductive organs of the male rat. Both enzymes increased in the epididymis, particularly in the caput segment, along with initiation of spermatogenesis at puberty; it then started decreasing after 12 weeks of life. Similar variations were not recorded in testis, prostate, and seminal vesicles. Castration led to a significant decrease of acid and neutral α-glucosidases in all accessory reproductive organs, but administration of testosterone proprionate (50 μg/day for 10 days) restored the enzyme activity to its original level. When estradiol-17β (5 mg) was administered simultaneously with testosterone (500 μg), the antagonistic effect of estradiol on testosterone was particularly evident on the levels of neutral α-glucosidases which reached the castration range, while the acid α-glucosidase remained unchanged in epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicles. These results show that both acid and neutral α-glucosidases may be influenced by gonadal hormones in the male rat.

scholarly journals The Concept of Male Reproductive Anatomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyovwi Mega Obukohwo ◽  
Nwangwa Eze Kingsley ◽  
Rotu Arientare Rume ◽  
Emojevwe Victor
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Reproductive Anatomy

The human reproductive system is made up of the primary and secondary organs, which helps to enhances reproduction. The male reproductive system is designed to produce male gametes and convey them to the female reproductive tract through the use of supportive fluids and testosterone synthesis. The paired testis (site of testosterone and sperm generation), scrotum (compartment for testis localisation), epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, ejaculatory duct, urethra, and penis are the parts of the male reproductive system. The auxiliary organs aid in the maturation and transportation of sperm. Semen is made up of sperm and the secretions of the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands (the ejaculate). Ejaculate is delivered to the female reproduc¬tive tract by the penis and urethra. The anatomy, embryology and functions of the male reproductive system are discussed in this chapter.

scholarly journals Bacterial Infections Affect Male Fertility: A Focus on the Oxidative Stress-Autophagy Axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutian Wang ◽  
Kunli Zhang ◽  
Yuchang Yao ◽  
Jianhao Li ◽  
Shoulong Deng
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Multiple Signaling

Numerous factors trigger male infertility, including lifestyle, the environment, health, medical resources and pathogenic microorganism infections. Bacterial infections of the male reproductive system can cause various reproductive diseases. Several male reproductive organs, such as the testicles, have unique immune functions that protect the germ cells from damage. In the reproductive system, immune cells can recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns carried by pathogenic microorganisms and activate the host’s innate immune response. Furthermore, bacterial infections can lead to oxidative stress through multiple signaling pathways. Many studies have revealed that oxidative stress serves dual functions: moderate oxidative stress can help clear the invaders and maintain sperm motility, but excessive oxidative stress will induce host damage. Additionally, oxidative stress is always accompanied by autophagy which can also help maintain host homeostasis. Male reproductive system homeostasis disequilibrium can cause inflammation of the genitourinary system, influence spermatogenesis, and even lead to infertility. Here, we focus on the effect of oxidative stress and autophagy on bacterial infection in the male reproductive system, and we also explore the crosslink between oxidative stress and autophagy during this process.

The anatomy of the sawfly Perga affinis affinis Kirby (Hymenoptera: Symphyta)

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 652 ◽  
Author(s):  
NN Tait
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Flight Muscles

This paper is an account of the anatomy of the larval and adult stages of the sawfly Perga affinis affinis Kirby. Particular attention has been paid to those structures that seem relevant to the ecology of the animal. In this respect, this work is supplementary to that of Carne (1962) on the ecology of this insect. The external features of the larva and adult are described. Measurements of head capsules of the larvae showed that these could be employed as a method of identifying the various instars. From observations made by Carne (op. cit.) it is probable that the species breeds parthenogenetically. However, the male reproductive system appears quite functional. The structure and musculature of the ovipositor is described, as well as the internal reproductive organs. The muscles of the thorax are compared with those described by Snodgrass (1927) in the generalized insect and by Tiegs (1955) in the various orders. In P. affinis affinis the prothoracic muscles are modified for the movement of the head and prepectus. The development of flight muscles is greatest in the mesothorax where the indirect flight muscles almost completely fill the cavity. The indirect flight muscles of the metathorax are poorly developed. The muscles are composed of numerous fibres. There has been no reduction and enlargement of the fibres as in the Diptera. The coxal muscles have become separated from the flight muscles and are confined to the sterna and furcae.

scholarly journals RotundRacGAP Functions with Ras during Spermatogenesis and Retinal Differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6280-6291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyne Bergeret ◽  
Isabelle Pignot-Paintrand ◽  
Annabel Guichard ◽  
Karine Raymond ◽  
Marie-Odile Fauvarque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Null Mutation ◽  
Ras Pathway ◽  
Retinal Differentiation

ABSTRACT Our analysis of rotund (rn) null mutations in Drosophila melanogaster revealed that deletion of the rn locus affects both spermatid and retinal differentiation. In the male reproductive system, the absence of RnRacGAP induced small testes, empty seminal vesicles, short testicular cysts, reduced amounts of interspermatid membrane, the absence of individualization complexes, and incomplete mitochondrial condensation. Flagellar growth continued within the short rn null cysts to produce large bulbous terminations of intertwined mature flagella. Organization of the retina was also severely perturbed as evidenced by grossly misshapen ommatidia containing reduced numbers of photoreceptor and pigment cells. These morphological phenotypes were rescued by genomic rnRacGAPtransgenes, demonstrating that RnRacGAP function is critical to spermatid and retinal differentiation. The testicular phenotypes were suppressed by heterozygous hypomorphic mutations in theDras1 and drk genes, indicating cross talk between RacGAP-regulated signaling and that of the Ras pathway. The observed genetic interactions are consistent with a model in which Rac signaling is activated by Ras and negatively regulated by RnRacGAP during spermatid differentiation. RnRacGAP and Ras cross talk also operated during retinal differentiation; however, while the heterozygous hypomorphicdrk mutation continued to act as a suppressor of the rn null mutation, the heterozygous hypomorphic Dras1 mutation induced novel retinal phenotypes.

scholarly journals Impact of Age on the Male Reproductive System from the Pathologist’s Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Picut ◽  
Amera K. Remick
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Tissue Changes

Age, and in particular young age, can significantly impact the response to toxicants in animals and can greatly influence the interpretation of tissue changes by the toxicologic pathologist. Although this applies to multiple organ systems, the current review focuses on the male reproductive system. When performing microscopic evaluation of male reproductive organs, the toxicologic pathologist must be aware of the dynamic changes in histomorphology, predominantly driven by timed hormonal alterations, at various life stages. Specific challenges pathologists face are understanding the appearance of male reproductive tissues throughout the neonatal, infantile, and juvenile developmental periods, recognizing when normal looks abnormal during tissue development, defining sexual maturity, and working with high interanimal variability in maturation rate and histologic appearance in developing large laboratory animals, such as nonhuman primates, dogs, and pigs. This review describes postnatal development of the male reproductive system in the rat, demonstrates how assessing toxicity during a defined window of postnatal development in the rat may improve definition of toxicant timing and targets, and discusses challenges associated with the interpretation of toxicity in immature large animal species. The emphasis is on key age-related characteristics that influence the interpretation of tissue changes by the toxicologic pathologist.

scholarly journals Necroptosis promotes the Aging of the Male Reproductive System in Mice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianrong Li ◽  
Lingjun Meng ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Yaning Su ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Necrotic Cell Death ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Necrotic Cell ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function ◽  
Age Related Changes

AbstractNecroptosis is a form of programmed necrotic cell death in mammals that is mediated by a pair of kinases, RIP1 and RIP3, as well as the RIP3 substrate MLKL. We report here that male reproductive organs of both RIP3-and MLKL-knockout mice retain “youthful” morphology and function into advanced age, while those of age-matched wild type mice deteriorate. The RIP3 phosphorylation of MLKL, the activation marker of necroptosis, is detected in spermatogonial stem cells in the testes of old but not in young wild type mice. When the testes of young wild type mice are given a local necroptotic stimulus, their reproductive organs showed accelerated aging. Feeding of wild type mice with an RIP1 inhibitor prior to the normal onset of age-related changes in their reproductive organs blocked the appearance of signs of aging. Thus, necroptosis in testes promotes the aging-associated deterioration of the male reproductive system in mice.

scholarly journals Antispermatogenic Activity of the Benzothiazoline Ligand and Corresponding Organoantimony(V) Derivative in Male Albino Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj K. Sharma ◽  
H. Rehwani ◽  
A. K. Rai ◽  
R. S. Gupta ◽  
Y. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sperm Density

Triphenylantimony(V) derivative,Ph3Sb(OPri)[SC6H4N:C(CH3)CH2C(O)CH3],1b, and the corresponding benzothiazoline ligand [1, 2],HNC6H4SC︹(CH3)CH2C(O)CH3,1a, have been tested for their effects on the reproductive system of male albino rats. The oral administration of both1aand1bat the dose level of 10 mg/rat/day produced significant reduction in the weights of testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles, and ventral prostate. Significant decrease in sperm motility as well as in sperm density resulted in 100% sterility. Significant (P<.01) alterations were also found in biochemical parameters of reproductive organs in treated male rats as compared to the control group. Production of preleptotene, pachytene, and secondary spermatocytes was decreased by 42%, 43%, 39%, and by 44%, 49%, 55% in the ligand,1a, and organoantimony(V) derivative,1b, treated rats, respectively. These results indicate that both compounds1aand1bare antispermatogenic in nature and on oral administration in male rats, and finally caused sterility. A comparison indicates that the organoantimony(V) derivative1bis more effective pertaining to its antispermatogenic activity than the corresponding ligand1a.

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