Plasma and liver carnitine (free and esterified) levels and their interrelationships in moderately hypercholesterolemic monkeys (Macaca arctoides)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 328-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank P. Bell ◽  
Anthony J. DeLucia
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Macaca Arctoides ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Plasma Carnitine ◽  
Hypercholesterolemic Diet ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Carnitine ◽  
Carnitine Concentration

The level of carnitine and its esters was measured in plasma and liver in 20 male stump-tailed monkeys (Macaca arctoides) that were fed a moderately hypercholesterolemic diet. Plasma total carnitine was 60 ± 3 nmol/mL (30% esterified) and liver total carnitine was 254 ± 15 nmol/g wet weight (16% esterified) or 1.28 ± 0.07 nmol/mg noncollagen protein. The plasma concentration of total carnitine was positively correlated with the total carnitine concentration of the livers (r = 0.71, p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between plasma esterified carnitine and liver esterified carnitine (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) as well as between plasma esterified carnitine and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (r = 0.92, p < 0.001), which together suggest that plasma esterified carnitine in the monkeys was largely of hepatic origin. There was no significant correlation between plasma carnitine (total, free, or esterified) and body mass, plasma triglycerides, or plasma cholesterol.

scholarly journals The Liver as the Site of Carnitine Biosynthesis in Sheep with Alloxan-induced Diabetes

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Snoswell ◽  
GH Mclntosh
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Diabetic State ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Total Carnitine ◽  
Carnitine Concentration

The total acid-soluble carnitine concentration in the livers of three sheep increased 20-fold, to 4530 nmoljg wet weight, 10-14 days after induction of the diabetic state by alloxan. There was a threefold increase in the total carnitine concentration of the kidney cortex and no significant change in that of heart or skeletal muscle (M. biceps femoris).

scholarly journals Development of Lipid and Glycide Abnormalities in Genetically Hypertensive Obese Koletsky Rats and in Their Lean Siblings

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
Věroslav Golda ◽  
Jiřina Hilgertová
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities ◽  
Genetically Hypertensive

Experiments were performed in the genetically hypertensive Koletsky rats and in their lean siblings at the age of two and three months. In the study of development of glycide and lipid abnormalities animal represents control for itself. At the age of two months Koletsky obese rats show relative to their lean controls elevation of plasma triglycerides (males +184%, females +152%) and insulin (males +169%, females +201%). During one month plasma triglycerides elevated in lean males +9%, in lean females 0%, but in obese males +21%, in obese females +139%.Considering insulinemia similar results were obtained. Thus during one month insulin elevates in lean males +19%, in lean females +23%, but in obese males +80%, in obese females +144%. During one month glucose intolerance is elevated as well only in obese rats. Total plasma cholesterol during period of one month shows no changes in both substrains of rats.Similar picture can be found in basal glycemia.In all groups of rats no changes were registered except one, i.e., obese females show decrease.Considering the substrain differences in basal glycemia then at age of one as well as two months obese of both sexes show elevation. As to the body weight at the age of two as well as three months there is increase in obese rats. The changes of body weight during one month are expressively higher in obese rats.

scholarly journals Hypertriglyceridemia and Lower LDL Cholesterol Concentration in Relation to Apolipoprotein E Phenotypes in Myotonic Dystrophy

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sital Moorjani ◽  
Daniel Gaudet ◽  
Claude Laberge ◽  
Marie Christine Thibault ◽  
Jean Mathieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Vldl Cholesterol ◽  
Apo E

ABSTRACT:Plasma lipid, lipoprotein levels and apolipoprotein apo E phenotypes were determined in 70 patients with myotonic dystrophy (MyD) and 81 controls. Marked differences were noticed in the apo E phenotype frequencies between the two groups. Plasma triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol were higher in MyD than controls, but only the latter was related to differences in the apo E phenotypes between two groups. Accordingly, the ratio of VLDL cholesterol/plasma triglycerides was increased significantly in MyD, suggesting accumulation of intermediary density particles due to lower affinity of E2 containing lipoproteins for lipoprotein cell receptors. The LDL cholesterol concentration was lower in MyD than controls and was related to differences in the apo E phenotype frequencies between the two groups. These results indicate increased removal of LDL particles in the apo E2 phenotypes, perhaps due to upregulation of LDL (B, E) receptor activity. Plasma cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations were similar in both groups. Another feature of the study was lower levels of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL and LDL cholesterol in the homozygous E4:E4 phenotype. These results suggest increased clearance rate of both VLDL and LDL particles and support the concept that apo E4-containing lipoproteins have higher in vivo affinity for ape E and/or B, E receptors.

Carbohydrate Supplementation Attenuates Muscle Glycogen Loss during Acute Bouts of Resistance Exercise

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gregory Haff ◽  
Alexander J. Koch ◽  
Jeffrey A. Potteiger ◽  
Karen E. Kuphal ◽  
Lawrence M. Magee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Isokinetic Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Leg Exercise ◽  
Wet Weight

The effects of carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on muscle glycogen and resistance exercise performance were examined with eight highly resistance trained males (mean ± SEM, age: 24.3 ± 1.1 years, height: 171.9±2.0 cm, body mass: 85.7 ± 3.5 kg; experience 9.9 ± 2.0 years). Subjects participated in a randomized, double blind protocol with testing sessions separated by 7 days. Testing consisted of an initial isokinetic leg exercise before and after an isotonic resistance exercise (IRT) session consisting of 3 leg exercises lasting ~39 min. Subjects consumed a CHO (1.0 g CHO ·kg body mass−1) or placebo treatment (PLC), prior to and every 10-min (0.5 g CHO ·kg body mass−1) during the IRT. Muscle tissue was obtained from the m vastus lateralis after a supine rest (REST) immediately after the initial isokinetic test (POST-ISO) and immediately after the IRT (POST-IRT). The CHO treatment elicited significantly less muscle glycogen degradation from the POST-ISO to POST-IRT (126.9 ± 6.5 to 109.7 ± 7.1 mmol·kg wet weight−1) compared to PLC (121.4±8.1 to 88.3±6.0 mmol·kg wet weight−1). There were no differences in isokinetic performance between the treatments. The results of this investigation indicate that the consumption of a CHO beverage can attenuate the decrease in muscle glycogen associated with isotonic resistance exercise but does not enhance the performance of isokinetic leg exercise.

THE EFFECT OF THE TYPE AND AMOUNT OF DIETARY FAT ON THE LEVEL OF PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDES IN HUMAN SUBJECTS IN THE POSTABSORPTIVE STATE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 999-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. R. Beveridge ◽  
S. N. Jagannathan ◽  
W. Ford Connell
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Formula Diets ◽  
Male Subjects

Fifty-eight healthy university students consumed homogenized formula diets for 16 days, and plasma triglycerides were determined on samples of blood obtained from the subjects in the fasting state at days 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16. On a fat-free (high-carbohydrate) diet there was a sex difference in the response, with a group of 11 males showing a highly significant increase (over twofold) and a group of 14 females showing no significant change. No change was observed in 10 male subjects transferred from their free-choice diet to a formula diet providing 45% of calories from butterfat. However, in the case of a group of 23 men who consumed a diet similarly high in corn oil, a significant decrease occurred and the values observed were also significantly lower than those obtained on the butterfat ration. The usual responses of the plasma cholesterol to these diets were observed. Although a parallelism was observed between the behavior of the plasma triglycerides and plasma cholesterol on diets containing fat, there was a divergence on the fat-free diet, characterized by an increase in plasma triglycerides in the males and no change in the females, whereas the usual decrease in plasma cholesterol occurred in both sexes.

Effect of externally applied bunker fuel on body mass and temperature, plasma concentration, and water flux of Glaucous-winged Gulls, Larus glaucescens

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryanne R. Hughes ◽  
Claudia Kasserra ◽  
Barbara R. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Bunker Fuel ◽  
Larus Glaucescens

The effects of externally applied bunker fuel on food intake, body mass, water flux, body temperature, and plasma concentration were determined in 5-month-old Glaucous-winged Gulls, Larus glaucescens. Food intake, body mass, water flux, body temperature, plasma sodium, and chloride concentrations were lower (P < 0.001) in gulls coated with bunker fuel for 4–5 days than in unoiled gulls. Plasma potassium concentration was transiently increased on day 2 in unoiled, oiled, and sham-oiled gulls (P < 0.01). Water flux was not affected by sham oiling but was significantly (P < 0.001) lowered by application of bunker fuel oil to the feathers and by washing with detergent.

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