A comparison of some immunological characteristics of very low density lipoproteins of normal and hypercholesterolemic rat sera

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Dolphin ◽  
Laurence Wong ◽  
David Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Apo E

The immunological characteristics of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) from normal and hypercholesterolemic rat sera were compared using polyspecific antisera to VLDL and high density lipoproteins (HDL) and monospecific antisera to apo-B, apo-C, apo-A-I, and apo-E. Ultracentrifugally isolated VLDL from normal serum were studied by immunodiffusion and found to contain both discrete and associated (with apo-B) apo-C and apo-E, probably in the form of lipid-containing lipoproteins. However, immunoelectrophoresis of whole serum revealed only an associated form of the lipoprotein having pre-β mobility (i.e., VLDL), suggesting that the presence of discrete lipoproteins in isolated VLDL, each containing a single apoprotein family, may represent ultracentrifugal artifacts. Ultracentrifugally isolated VLDL from diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rat serum contained only trace amounts of apo-C and large quantities of apo-E, both of which were totally associated with apo-B. VLDL isolated by ultracentrifugation from perfusate of normal and hypercholesterolemic livers contained only associated lipoprotein complexes made up of apo-B, apo-C, and apo-E in the former but only apo-B and apo-E in the latter. These data suggest that normal VLDL are secreted as lipoprotein complexes containing apo-B, apo-C, and apo-E which may become destabilized in the circulation. However, VLDL from hypercholesterolemic serum show a marked diminution in the quantity of apo-C as indicated by the relative incorporation of [3H]leucine in vivo and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of apo-VLDL.

Glycosylation of apoproteins of rat very low density lipoproteins during transit through the hepatic Golgi apparatus

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Dolphin ◽  
David Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Apo B

The glycosylation of apo very low density lipoproteins (apo-VLDL) in vivo was studied by following the incorporation of [14C]glucosamine into several groups of apoproteins of VLDL isolated from hepatic Golgi fractions and from serum of sucrose-fed, colchicine-treated rats. Simultaneous incorporation of [3H]leucine was used to quantitate the apoproteins following separation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Experimental conditions were selected so that the 14C:3H ratio in the apoproteins permitted estimations of the extent of glycosylation by glucosamine and its metabolites. A rapidly decreasing 14C:3H ratio was noted in serum apo-VLDL for the first 30 min after administration of the isotopically labelled precursors, followed by stabilization of the ratio. These data are consistent with the glycosylation of a preformed pool of apo-VLDL, probably apo-B. Glucosamine was progressively incorporated into apo-VLDL during transition from the forming face of the Golgi apparatus to the secretory vesicles, as indicated by an increasing 14C:3H ratio. On the other hand, the ratio of the rapidly migrating apoproteins of VLDL, corresponding to the apo-C-II and apo-C-III, showed the opposite trend, as did total apo high density lipoprotein (apo-HDL) and the rapidly migrating bands of apo-HDL. Division of the rapidly migrating apoproteins of VLDL into upper bands (probably apo-C-II and apo-C-III-0) and lower bands (probably apo-C-III-3) resulted in a 14C:3H ratio near zero in the upper band apoproteins, consistent with the absence of carbohydrates. The lower band showed a rising 14C:3H ratio during transition through the Golgi apparatus, suggesting increased glycosylation. The decreasing 14C:3H ratio in the rapidly migrating proteins is therefore due to the acquisition of apo-C-II and apo-C-III-0 by VLDL during passage from the forming face to the secretory vesicles of the Golgi apparatus.

The synthesis of apoproteins of very low density lipoproteins isolated from the Golgi apparatus of rat liver

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 617-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Christine Nestruck ◽  
David Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient

The incorporation of [3H]leucine in vivo into very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) from the rat hepatic Golgi apparatus and serum was studied. A Golgi-rich fraction isolated on a discontinuous sucrose gradient between 0.5 and 1.1 M was found to contain VLDL having common antigenic determinants with serum VLDL. The incorporation of the [3H]leucine into the Golgi VLDL and serum VLDL suggested a precursor–product relationship. Analysis of the apoproteins of the Golgi VLDL by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed protein bands with similar mobility to those of serum VLDL, except that the former contained virtually no rapidly migrating peptides with the mobility of serum apo-C-II and apo-C-III. The pattern of incorporation of the [3H]leucine into the apoproteins was similar in VLDL from Golgi apparatus and serum, except for the absence of radioactivity in the area of the gel of Golgi apo-VLDL corresponding to apo-C-II and apo-C-III. The radioactive amino acid was incorporated predominantly into the Golgi apo-VLDL bands with similar mobility to apo-B and an apoprotein or group of apoproteins containing the arginine-rich peptide of serum VLDL. In vitro incubation of the Golgi VLDL with [3H]leucine-labeled HDL resulted in the acquisition of a number of proteins, including the rapidly migrating proteins. Administration of colchicine prior to the injection of [3H]leucine resulted in the appearance of gel bands and radioactivity in the apo-C-II and apo-C-III areas of Golgi apo-VLDL, suggesting that these can be acquired if secretion of VLDL is slowed or inhibited. The hepatic Golgi apparatus was then divided into fractions of predominantly forming face (GF3) or secretory granules (GF1). After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the apo-VLDL from GF3, no visible bands or incorporation of [3H]leucine was found in the region of apo-C-II or apo-C-III. However VLDL from GF1 showed visible and radioactive bands in the apo-C-II and apo-C-III area although they represented a much smaller proportion of the total apoprotein than was found in the corresponding serum apo-VLDL. In the isolated perfused liver the percentage incorporation of [3H]leucine into the rapidly migrating apoproteins of Golgi VLDL was considerably less than that found in the corresponding apoproteins of perfusate VLDL, where circulating C lipoproteins are virtually absent.The data indicate that nascent VLDL begins to acquire the C-II and C-III apoproteins during its passage through the Golgi apparatus but that the main acquisition occurs during or after secretion into the space of Disse.

Aggregation of Human Blood Platelets by Remnant Like Lipoprotein Particles of Plasma Chylomicrons and Very Low Density Lipoproteins

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
pp. 0996-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby R Saniabadi ◽  
Kazou Umemura ◽  
Makiko Shimoyama ◽  
Masakazu Adachi ◽  
Minoru Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Unbound Fraction ◽  
Lipoprotein Particles ◽  
Apo E

SummaryRemnant like lipoprotein particles (RLP) of partially catabolised human plasma chylomicrons (CM) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were separated from CM and VLDL using two monoclonal antibodies, anti apo B-100 (JI-H) and anti apo A-I (H-12) coupled to Sepharose 4B gel to form an immunoaffinity column. Lipoproteins containing apo B-100 or apo E, including VLDL and LDL adsorb to (JI-H)-gel, while CM and HDL with apo A-I adsorb to (H-12)-gel. The unbound fraction (RLP) is rich in apo B-48, apo E and apo E rich apo B-100 which has not been recognized by JI-H. The RLP fraction with a total triglyceride of 12.35 ± 6.22 mg/ml; total cholesterol, 0.32 ± 0.08 mg/ml and total protein, 0.72 ± 0.12 mg/ml (mean ± S.E.M, n = 9) was added to blood from healthy persons at 2.5-200 |xl/ml and agitated gently at 37° C for 40 s. Platelet aggregation was assessed by measuring the loss of single platelets. At 2.5-10 μl, RLP induced platelet aggegation increased with the dose of RLP, but decreased at 25-200 julL Scanning electron microscopy revealed that within 20 s of agitation in the presence of RLP, activated platelets had appeared on the red cell membrane and within 40 s of agitation, platelet aggregates had formed on the red cells. The platelet responses were unaffected by aspirin (10 or 20 μg/ml) but were inhibited by cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase type III inhibitor (0.4 to 1.6 μg/ml). It is likely that the platelet effect of RLP is a consequence of RLP dependent red cell-platelet interaction. This is the first report of platelet aggregation induced by RLP without an added platelet agonist.

Intestinal lipoprotein assembly in apobec-1–/– mice reveals subtle alterations in triglyceride secretion coupled with a shift to larger lipoproteins

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (4) ◽  
pp. G735-G746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xie ◽  
Fatiha Nassir ◽  
Jianyang Luo ◽  
Kimberly Buhman ◽  
Nicholas O. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Mixed Genetic Background ◽  
Triglyceride Secretion ◽  
Lipoprotein Assembly

Mammalian enterocytes express apolipoprotein (apo)B-48, which is produced after posttranscriptional RNA editing of the nuclear apoB-100 transcript by the catalytic deaminase apobec-1. Earlier studies in apobec-1–/– mice revealed an apoB-100-only lipoprotein profile but no gross defects in triglyceride absorption. However, subtle defects may have been obscured by the mixed genetic background. In addition, the intrinsic susceptibility to proteolytic degradation of intestinal apoB-100 and apoB-48 has been questioned. Accordingly, we examined triglyceride absorption, intestinal apoB expression, and lipoprotein secretion in apobec-1–/– mice backcrossed into a C57BL/6 background. Inbred apobec-1–/– mice absorb triglyceride normally, yet secrete triglyceride-rich lipoproteins more slowly than wild-type congenic controls. There was comparable induction of apoB synthesis in response to fat feeding in both genotypes, but apoB-100 was preferentially retained and more extensively degraded than apoB-48. By contrast, synthesis, secretion, and content of apo A-IV were indistinguishable in apobec-1–/– and wild-type mice with 100% recovery, suggesting no degradation of this apoprotein in either genotype. Newly secreted lipoproteins from isolated enterocytes of wild-type mice revealed apoB-48 in both high-density lipoproteins and very low-density lipoproteins. By contrast, apobec-1–/– mice secreted apoB-100-containing particles that were almost exclusively in the low and very low-density lipoproteins range with no apoB-100-containing high-density lipoproteins. These studies establish the existence of preferential degradation of intestinal apoB-100 and subtle defects in triglyceride secretion in apobec-1–/– mice, coupled with a shift to the production of larger particles, findings that suggest an important divergence in intestinal lipoprotein assembly pathways with the different isoforms of apoB.

scholarly journals The metabolic conversion of very-low-density lipoprotein into low-density lipoprotein by the extrahepatic tissues of the rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
B S Suri ◽  
M E Targ ◽  
D S Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Extrahepatic Tissues

1. The work reported was designed to provide quantitative information about the capacity of the extrahepatic tissues of the rat to degrade injected VLD lipoproteins (very-low-density lipoproteins, d less than 1.006) to LD lipoproteins (low-density lipoproteins, d 1.006–1.063) and to study the fate of the different VLD-lipoprotein apoproteins during the degradative process. 2. Rat liver VLD lipoproteins, radioactively labelled in their protein moieties, were produced by the perfusion of the organ and were either injected into the circulation of the supradiaphragmatic rats or incubated in rat plasma at 37 degrees C. At a time (75 min) when approx. 90% of the triacylglycerol of the VLD lipoproteins had been hydrolysed the supradiaphragmatic rats were bled and VLD lipoproteins, LD lipoproteins and HD lipoproteins (high-density lipoproteins, d 1.063–1.21) were separated from their plasma and from the plasma incubated in vitro. The apoproteins of each of the lipoprotein classes were resolved by gel-filtration chromatography into three main fractions, designated peaks I, II and III. 3. Incubation of the liver VLD lipoproteins in plasma in vitro led to the transfer of about 30% of the total protein radioactivity to the HD lipoproteins. The transfer mainly involved the peak-II (arginine-rich and/or apo A-I) and peak-III (apo C) proteins. There was also a small transfer of radioactivity (about 5% of the total) to the LD lipoproteins. 4. Injection of the liver VLD lipoproteins into the circulation of the supradiaphragmatic rat resulted in the transfer of about 15% of the total VLD-lipoprotein radioactivity to the LD lipoproteins. The transfer involved mainly the peak-I (apo B) proteins and accounted for about 20% of the total apo B protein radioactivity of the injected VLD lipoproteins. When the endogenous plasma VLD lipoprotein was taken into account the transfer of apo B protein was about 35%. 5. The transfer of peak-II protein radioactivity from the VLD to the HD lipoproteins was greater in the plasma of the supradiaphragmatic rat than in the incubated plasma suggesting that there was a net transfer of peak-II apoproteins during the VLD lipoprotein degradation. The transfer of peak-III protein radioactivity was not greater in the plasma of the supradiaphragmatic rat, but there was a loss of this radioactivity from the circulation.

The levels of apolipoprotein-E in hypercholesteroiemic rat serum

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Wong ◽  
David Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Apo E ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Lipoprotein Complex

The levels of apolipoprotein-E (apo-E) in serum and isolated lipoproteins from diet-induced hypercholesterolemic, and to some extent, hypertriglycerdemic rats were measured by electroimmunoassay. The hypocholesterolemia was accompanied by a mild hypertriglyceridemia. The apo-E was increased by 60% in the hypercholesterolemic serum with a 5- and 50-fold increase in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) respectively. However, the proportion of apo-E in nascent VLDL isolated from the hepatic Golgi apparatus of hypercholesterolemic rats was significantly decreased. In control serum, 40–50% of the apo-E is found in the density >1.21 g/ml fraction, although this is at least partially due to ultracentrifugation. The aproprotein is absent from the density >1.21 g/ml fraction from hypercholesterolemic serum, suggesting that it is bound more firmly to the lipoprotein complex. It is concluded that the large increases in apo-E in the VLDL and LDL density ranges of serum from hypercholesterolemic rats may in part be accounted for by the utilization of apo-E normally found at higher densities.

scholarly journals Comparison of apoprotein B of low density lipoproteins of human interstitial fluid and plasma

1984 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Hong ◽  
J Pflug ◽  
D Reichl
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Apoprotein B ◽  
Human Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Nonionic Detergent

Virtually all apoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins of the peripheral interstitial fluid of subjects with primary lymphoedema float in the ultracentrifugal field in the density interval 1.019-1.063 g/ml; in this respect they are similar to plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL). 2. Virtually all apo-B-containing lipoproteins of interstitial fluid migrate in the electrophoretic field with pre-beta mobility; in this respect they are similar to plasma very-low-density lipoproteins. 3. The apoB of lipoproteins of interstitial fluid does not differ in terms of Mr from apoB-100 of human plasma [Kane, Hardman & Paulus (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 2465-2469] as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 4. Both apoB of interstitial fluid and plasma are heterogenous in terms of their charge as determined by isoelectric focusing of their complexes with the nonionic detergent Nonidet P40. ApoB of plasma LDL focuses between pH5.9 and 6.65, and that of interstitial fluid LDL between pH 5.9 and 6.1. Thus the overall charge of apoB of interstitial fluid is more negative than that of its plasma LDL counterpart.

scholarly journals Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by lectins and allogeneic cells by normal plasma lipoproteins.

1977 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 1791-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Morse ◽  
L D Witte ◽  
D S Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Normal Plasma

Lipoproteins, isolated by sequential flotation at densities 1.006, 1.019, 1.063, and 1.21, were examined for their ability to inhibit human lymphocytes stimulated by allogeneic cells and by lectins (phytohemagglutinin-P and concanavalin A). All the classes of normal plasma lipoproteins inhibited lymphoproliferation when peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured in autologous, heterologous, or lipoprotein-deficient plasma (d greater than 1.21). The rank order of inhibitory potency was intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) greater than very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) greater than low density lipoproteins (LDL) greater than high density lipoproteins (HDL), regardless of the mode of stimulation. The concentrations of IDL, VLDL, and LDL required for complete inhibition of stimulated lymphoproliferation were considerably below the levels of each of these lipoproteins normally found in human plasma. In addition, the concentration of HDL required for 50-90% inhibition was in the range of HDL levels normally found in human plasma. Moreover, at relatively higher concentrations, lipoproteins suppressed the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA below the levels seen with reseting, unstimulated lymphocytes. The results suggest that circulating lymphocytes may normally be highly suppressed by the combined effects of all the endogenous lipoproteins and that the lipoproteins may play important roles in vivo in modulating lymphocyte functions and responses.

Effect of lipoproteins on cholesterol synthesis in rat Sertoli cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Maboundou ◽  
Mohamed Fofana ◽  
Jacqueline Fresnel ◽  
Jean Bocquet ◽  
Dominique Le Goff
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Coated Pits ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Apo E

Lipoprotein metabolism has been investigated in cultured rat Sertoli cells. Cells incubated with low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) or high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) showed a concentration-dependent decrease of sterol synthesis, indicating a net cholesterol delivery to the Sertoli cells. At 50 μg/mL, lipoproteins inhibited the incorporation of [14C]acetate into free cholesterol by 83% for the LDL and 47% for the HDL. Electron microscopic examinations of the Sertoli cells provide evidence of the internalization of gold-labelled HDL into coated pits and coated vesicles. Competitive studies between human LDL and rat HDL indicate that Sertoli cells take up cholesterol from LDL and HDL containing apolipoprotein (apo) E by common pathways. These results suggest that Sertoli cells possess apo B and E receptors for the uptake and degradation of LDL and HDL, although the basement membrane excludes the passage of LDL from blood capillaries to the Sertoli cells. At 50 μg/mL, apo-E-depleted HDL inhibited the incorporation of [14C]acetate into free cholesterol by 34%. Thus, this study shows that Sertoli cells are capable of taking up apo-E-depleted HDL cholesterol for cell metabolism.Key words: high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, rat Sertoli cell.

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