Molecular weight of an extremely hydrophobic protein, zein, in dimethylformamide and in formamide

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence A. Danzer ◽  
E. Douglas Rees
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nonaqueous Solvents ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Number Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Made In

Both alpha zein purified from a commercial preparation and beta zein prepared fresh from corn are soluble in the nonaqueous solvents formamide and dimethylformamide; in this regard zein resembles water soluble proteins such as insulin, ribonuclease, and lysozyme. On the basis of osmotic pressure measurements made in both formamide and dimethylformamide, alpha zein has a number average molecular weight of 21 000 – 24 000 daltons and shows no tendency to aggregate or dissociate. Beta zein exists in an aggregated state (dimer and higher forms) in dimethylformamide. Formamide dissociates the beta zein dimer into monomer units but aggregation to higher species occurs with increasing protein concentration.

scholarly journals Osmotic Pressure Measurements on Insulin: Anomalous Results Indicate that the Monomer is Preferentially Adsorbed

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D Jeffrey
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Sedimentation Equilibrium ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Number Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Adsorption Analysis

The concentration dependence of the number average molecular weight of insulin at pH 2, ionic strength 0'05, and 20�C as determined by osmotic pressure measurements indicates that the .hormone is a homogeneous protein of molecular weight close to that of the dimer. Since sedimentation equilibrium experiments confirm what is well known, namely that insulin is a self-associating protein dissociating to monomer under these conditions, an explanation for the anomaly was sought in the possible loss of protein from solution by adsorption. Analysis of the results strongly supports this conclusion and consideration of the adsorption properties of insulin in terms of hydrophobic interactions shows them to be consistent with the behaviour of insulin as a self-associating protein. The monomer appears to be the primary molecular species responsible for insulin adsorption.

scholarly journals Osmotic Pressure and Diffusion Constant of Protein Extracted From Wool With Urea-Bisulphite Solutions

1953 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 630 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Friend ◽  
IJ O'donnell
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Diffusion Constant ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Number Average Molecular Weight ◽  
And Diffusion

Wool treated with 8M urea, OAM NaHS03 at 60�C forms a polydisperse soluble protein of number-average molecular weight 12,000-16,000 as deduced from osmotic pressure measurements. The values lie within this range whether 20 or 70 per cent. of the wool is dissolved. The pH of measurement or of extraction has no effect on the molecular weight of the solute over the range 5.6-8.0. 'The diffusion constant, Dzo, W' of the soluble protein is 4.5 X 10-7 cm2sec-1 .

scholarly journals Cloud condensation nuclei properties of model and atmospheric HULIS

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1073-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dinar ◽  
I. Taraniuk ◽  
E. R. Graber ◽  
S. Katsman ◽  
T. Moise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Number Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Multifunctional Compounds

Abstract. Humic like substances (HULIS) have been identified as a major fraction of the organic component of atmospheric aerosols. These large multifunctional compounds of both primary and secondary sources are surface active and water soluble. Hence, it is expected that they could affect activation of organic aerosols into cloud droplets. We have compared the activation of aerosols containing atmospheric HULIS extracted from fresh and slightly aged smoke particles and from daily pollution particles to activation of size fractionated fulvic acid from an aquatic source (Suwannee River fulvic acid), and correlated it to the estimated molecular weight and measured surface tension. A correlation was found between CCN-activation diameter of SRFA fractions and number average molecular weight of the fraction. The lower molecular weight fractions activated at lower critical diameters, which is explained by the greater number of solute species in the droplet with decreasing molecular weight. The three aerosol-extracted HULIS samples activated at lower diameters than any of the size-fractionated or bulk SRFA. By considering estimated number average molecular weight (MN), measured surface tension (ST) and activation diameters, the Köhler model was found to account for activation diameters, provided that accurate physico-chemical parameters are known.

scholarly journals A determination of the sub-units of arachin by osmometry. Arachins A, B and A1

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Tombs ◽  
M. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Number Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Disulphide Bonds ◽  
New Form

1. Osmotic pressure determinations of dissociated arachins are a particularly suitable method for determination of the number of sub-units in the protein, because they yield a number-average molecular weight. 2. Arachin, in 8m-urea–0·1m-sulphite, produces 12 sub-units from the form of molecular weight 345000. 3. When the urea concentration is varied the molecules became fully dissociated at 6m-urea–0·1m-sulphite. Although sulphite is necessary to break disulphide bridges, concentrations greater than 0·1m cause a re-aggregation of the sub-units. Similar results were obtained in guanidine solutions. 4. A new form of arachin has been discovered, A1, migrating more rapidly than arachin A. 5. The N-terminal residues of arachin have been re-investigated on more highly purified samples: they are glycine, valine and (iso)leucine in the proportions 4:1:1. 6. The three forms of arachin have the structure (B) β4γδ, (A) α2β2γδ and (A1) α4γδ, for the forms of molecular weight 170000. 7. Dissociation in 8m-urea produces some fragments, detected by gel electrophoresis, which appear to be dimers of the type α-S-S-β, β-S-S-β, held together by disulphide bonds.

Chemistry and Properties of Imide Oligomers from Phenylethynyl-Containing Diamines

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
J G Smith ◽  
J W Connell
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Number Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Similar Composition ◽  
Imide Oligomers ◽  
Calculated Number

As an extension of work on pendent phenylethynyl-containing imide oligomers, three new diamines containing pendent phenylethynyl groups were prepared and characterized. These diamines were used to prepare pendent and pendent and terminal phenylethynyl imide oligomers via the amide acid route in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone at a calculated number average molecular weight of 5000 g mol−1. The pendent phenylethynyl groups were randomly distributed along the oligomer backbone and provided a means of controlling the distance between reactive sites. The imide oligomers were characterized and thermally cured, and the cured polymers evaluated as thin films and compared with materials of similar composition prepared from 3,5-diamino-4′-phenylethynylbenzophenone. This work was performed as part of a continuing research effort to develop structural resins for potential aeronautical applications.

A STUDY OF A WATER-SOLUBLE COMPLEX OF PRODIGIOSIN PRODUCED BY A STRAIN OF SERRATIA MARCESCENS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1019-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Complex ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Scattering Measurements ◽  
Water Soluble Complex

A water-soluble pigment excreted from Serratia marcescens has been purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate, dialysis, and ultracentrifugation at different pH values. The purified pigment showed a single band in the ultracentrifuge and by electrophoretic analysis at several pH values. An average molecular weight of 5 × 106 was calculated from light-scattering measurements. This pigment is composed of carbohydrate and protein combined with prodigiosin, and several properties of the complex are described.

Alternating poly(ester amide)s from glutaric anhydride and α,ω-aminoalcohols: synthesis and thermal properties

e-Polymers ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fey ◽  
Helmut Keul ◽  
Hartwig Höcker
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Homologous Series ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Number Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Glutaric Anhydride ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
Dimethylformamide Solution

Abstract Alternating poly(ester amide)s 6a - e were prepared by polycondensation of α-carboxyl-ω-hydroxyamides 3a - e which were obtained by aminolysis of glutaric anhydride (1) and α,ω-aminoalcohols, H2N-(CH2)x-OH (x = 2 - 6) 2a - e. The polycondensation was performed in dimethylformamide solution using a carbodiimide as activating agent, or in bulk with Bu2Sn(OMe)2, Ti(OBu)4 and Sn(octoate)2 as a catalyst. For the polycondensation in bulk, the influence of catalyst and of temperature on the number-average molecular weight was studied. 1H NMR analyses of the poly(ester amide)s clearly show the alternating microstructure. The poly(ester amide)s from glutaric anhydride and the homologous series of α,ω-aminoalcohols are semicrystalline materials; their melting points show the odd/even effect observed for other poly(ester amide)s.

A STUDY OF A WATER-SOLUBLE COMPLEX OF PRODIGIOSIN PRODUCED BY A STRAIN OF SERRATIA MARCESCENS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1019-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Complex ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Scattering Measurements ◽  
Water Soluble Complex

A water-soluble pigment excreted from Serratia marcescens has been purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate, dialysis, and ultracentrifugation at different pH values. The purified pigment showed a single band in the ultracentrifuge and by electrophoretic analysis at several pH values. An average molecular weight of 5 × 106 was calculated from light-scattering measurements. This pigment is composed of carbohydrate and protein combined with prodigiosin, and several properties of the complex are described.

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