Studies on the cell wall of Schizophyllum commune. Permethylation and enzymic hydrolysis

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Siehr
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis

Two polysaccharide fractions S-glucan and R-glucan were isolated from the cell walls of Schizophyllum commune. S-Glucan is primarily alinear 1,3-α-glucan with occasional 1,6-αlinkages as shown by permethylation and partial acid hydrolysis. The glucan fraction also contains a small amount of xylose. The R-glucan fraction is a mixture of two polysaccharides, chitin and a highly branched glucan with linear 1,6-β and 1,3-β segments and 1,6-β branching. This conclusion is based on permethylation studies and enzymic hydrolyses.

Structure and composition of the alkali-insoluble cell wall fraction of Coprinus macrorhizus var. microsporus

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey B. Bottom ◽  
Donald J. Siehr
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Fraction ◽  
Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The alkali-insoluble (R-) fraction from the cell walls of Coprinus macrorhizus var. microsporus is a highly branched glucan, containing α-(1 → 4), β-(1 → 3), and β-(1 → 6) linkages as shown by methylation, partial acid hydrolysis, and enzymic hydrolysis. The α-(1 → 4)-linked segments are joined by occasional β-(1 → 3) links as suggested by the identification of 2-O-α-glucopyranosyl erythritol in the hydrolysate of the reduced, periodate-oxidized glucan. Hydrolysis of the permethylated glucan gave nearly equimolar amounts of 2,4-di- and 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-glucose. Methylation analysis of the residue from enzymic hydrolysis, the "CORE-fraction," indicated the presence of glucose residues in this fraction linked through positions O1, O3, O4, and O6. Hydrolysates of the R-fraction contained mannose, glucosamine, and amino acids in addition to glucose.

A relationship between cell wall composition and mutant morphology in the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 809-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiu-Sheng Wang ◽  
Marvin N. Schwalb ◽  
Philip G. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Morphological Mutants ◽  
Mutant Forms ◽  
Isolated Cell

Mechanically isolated cell walls of normal homokaryons and the morphological mutants thin and puff were fractionated and hydrolyzed by chemical procedures. The yields of fractionated materials and the glucose/hexosamine ratios of acid hydrolysates were determined. Results of statistical analyses of the values obtained from these determinations indicated that single-gene mutations causing the thin and puff mutant forms of this fungus produce specific differences in the composition of cell walls.

scholarly journals Die Aminosäuresequenz des Serin und Asparaginsäure enthaltenden Mureins von Bifidobacterium bifidum Orla Jensen/ The amino acid sequence of the serin and aspartic acid containing mureins of Bifidobacterium bifidum ORLA JENSEN

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1294-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Koch ◽  
Karl Heinz Schleifer ◽  
Otto Kandler
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Muramic Acid ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis

Cell walls of Bifidobacterium bifidum var. pennsylvanicus were isolated. The polysaccharide consisted of glucose, galactose and rhamnose. Teichoic acid was not present. The murein (peptidoglycan) contained MurNAc, GlcNH2NAc, ᴅ-Glu, Ala. ʟ-Ser, ᴅ-Asp and L-Orn in a ratio of about 1 : 1 : 1 : 2 : 1 : 1 : 1. In one batch a high amount of ʟ-glutamic acid was found. It was not a constituent of the murein since it remained in the lysozyme insensitive residue.The amino acid sequence of the murein was determined by analyzing the oligopeptides arising during partial acid hydrolysis. It was shown that the peptide subunits attached to the muramic acid are the same as in many other mureins: ʟ-Ala-ᴅ-Glu-ʟ-Orn-D-Ala. The interpeptide bridge consisted of β-ᴅ-aspartyl-ʟ-serine. Since about 35% of aspartic acid and 6% of ornithine are N-terminal in the cell wall, it was assumed that only 60% of the peptide subunits are cross-linked. 4 other strains of B. bifidum proved to contain the same type of murein. While all other strains of other species of Bifidobacterium investigated contained other types of murein, it seems likely that the Orn-Ser-Asp type of the murein is typical of B. bifidum.

Silicification of wood-cell walls

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
S. E. Keckler ◽  
D. M. Dabbs ◽  
N. Yao ◽  
I. A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Inorganic Precursors

Cellular organic structures such as wood can be used as scaffolds for the synthesis of complex structures of organic/ceramic nanocomposites. The wood cell is a fiber-reinforced resin composite of cellulose fibers in a lignin matrix. A single cell wall, containing several layers of different fiber orientations and lignin content, is separated from its neighboring wall by the middle lamella, a lignin-rich region. In order to achieve total mineralization, deposition on and in the cell wall must be achieved. Geological fossilization of wood occurs as permineralization (filling the void spaces with mineral) and petrifaction (mineralizing the cell wall as the organic component decays) through infiltration of wood with inorganics after growth. Conversely, living plants can incorporate inorganics into their cells and in some cases into the cell walls during growth. In a recent study, we mimicked geological fossilization by infiltrating inorganic precursors into wood cells in order to enhance the properties of wood. In the current work, we use electron microscopy to examine the structure of silica formed in the cell walls after infiltration of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS).

Histological aspects of the cryopreservation of potato

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
P. Pepó ◽  
A. Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Epidermal Layer ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Suitable Solution ◽  
Vacuolated Cells

Cryopreservation appears to be a suitable solution for the maintenance of potato germplasms. The protocol described in this paper can be applied for the vitrification and preservation of meristems. During histo-cytological studies it is possible to observe modifications at the cellular level and to understand the adaptive mechanism to low temperatures. Control potato meristem tissue contained a number of meristematic cells with a gradient of differentiation. After freezing there were a large number of vacuolated cells, some of which exhibited broken cell walls and plasmolysis. The thickening of the cell wall, giving them a sinuous appearance, was observed after freezing and thawing the meristems, with ruptures of the cuticle and epidermal layer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document