Adenine Reversal of Ethionine-Induced Inhibition of Protein Synthesis: A Comparison with Computer-Generated Data

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1428-1432
Author(s):  
R. Kisilevsky ◽  
G. Matheson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Reversal Effect ◽  
In Vivo Labeling ◽  
Inhibition Of Protein Synthesis ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Kinetics Of

In vivo labeling kinetics of (a) nascent peptides on liver polysomes, and (b) proteins of the 100 000 × g supernatant have been determined for ethionine-intoxicated female rats given adenine, to reverse the effect of ethionine. When compared to computer-generated data the results indicate that the reversal effect of adenine is not simply through the increase in the previously reduced rate of initiation. In addition to increasing the rate of initiation, adenine, soon after its administration, reduces the rate of elongation. The rate of elongation subsequently returns to normal levels.

An in vitro bioassay for a mulluscan gonadotropin

1975 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-446
Author(s):  
M. J. Wells ◽  
R. K. O'Dor ◽  
S. K. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Amino Acid Incorporation ◽  
Gland Extract ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Kinetics Of

1. Protein synthesis occurs at a high rate in the ovaries of maturing Octopus vulgaris and can be measured from the incorporation of [14C]leucine in vivo and in isolated groups of eggs in vitro. 2. Removal of the optic glands in vivo 1--3 days prior to testing markedly reduces amino acid incorporation in vivo or in vitro. After 5 days in vivo incorporation stops. 3. The rate of incorporation in vitro is increased by the addition of optic gland extract. 4. Analysis of the kinetics of leucine uptake and incorporation in vitro indicates that the hormone has an effect on the inward transport of leucine which is independent of its action on protein synthesis. 5. Electron-microscope studies of the follicle cells and ova show that the former are the site of protein synthesis. 6. Changes in either uptake or incorporation into protein by the follicle cells can be used as a qualitative biolobical assay for the optic gland hormone. Uptake is very easy to measure but incorporation is the more sensitive parameter. Either is potentially suitable as a quantitative assay for this and perhaps also for other molluscan gonadotropins.

INDUCTION OF CYTOCHROME P-448 BY 3-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE IN THE RAT DURING INHIBITION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN VIVO

1977 ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg F. Kahl ◽  
Bernd Zimmer ◽  
Teresa Galinsky ◽  
Hans G. Jonen ◽  
Regine Kahl
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Inhibition Of Protein Synthesis

Fiber-type composition of nine rat muscles. II. Relationship to protein turnover

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (6) ◽  
pp. E828-E832 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Garlick ◽  
C. A. Maltin ◽  
A. G. Baillie ◽  
M. I. Delday ◽  
D. A. Grubb
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Fiber Type Composition ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Age Regression

Rates of protein synthesis in vivo and fiber-type composition were measured in nine limb muscles of female rats at ages ranging from weaning to 1 yr. In all muscles, there was a decline in protein synthesis with increasing age, mostly as a result of a fall in the RNA content. Rates of protein breakdown and growth were determined in six muscles and these also declined with age. Regression analysis of the data for all ages showed that protein synthesis was correlated with the content of slow oxidative fibers but not with the relative proportions of fast glycolytic to fast oxidative glycolytic fibers.

Attenuated responses of muscle protein synthesis to fasting and insulin in adult female rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. E1-E5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Baillie ◽  
P. J. Garlick
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
The Individual

One-year-old adult female rats were fasted for 12 or 36 h followed by a 30-min infusion of insulin. The responses of the fractional rate of protein synthesis (Ks) in the individual muscles (measured in vivo) to fasting were small and mostly nonsignificant. After 12 h of fasting, only the epitrochlearis muscle (ET) showed a significant decrease in Ks, and, even after 36 h of fasting, a significant decrease in Ks was seen in only ET, extensor digitorum longus, and tensor fasciae latae (TFL). After the 36-h fast, infusion of insulin restored the fed Ks in all muscles except TFL. The fiber-type composition of the individual muscles appeared to influence the muscles' responsiveness to the fasting, since the highly glycolytic TFL was the most sensitive (particularly after 36 h of fasting), whereas the highly oxidative adductor longus and soleus muscles were unaffected by either fasting or insulin. In a second experiment, refeeding of fasted adult rats also had little effect on Ks, consistent with the low sensitivity to fasting shown by the first experiment. The parallel results in the two experiments confirmed that the low responsiveness to fasting and insulin infusion in these adult rats was not a result of failure to absorb in “fed” animals or insufficient levels of insulin during insulin infusions. In contrast, a third experiment showed that muscle protein synthesis in the gastrocnemius muscle from young adult (5-mo-old) female rats was significantly reduced after only 12 h of fasting.

scholarly journals Origin and kinetics of pulmonary macrophages during an inflammatory reaction induced by intravenous administration of heat-killed bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

1981 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Blussé van Oud Alblas ◽  
B van der Linden-Schrever ◽  
R van Furth
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Local Production ◽  
In Vivo Labeling ◽  
Pulmonary Macrophages ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Kinetics Of

This report gives a quantitative description of the kinetics of the pulmonary macrophages and their direct precursors during the acute inflammatory reaction in the lungs induced by intravenous injection of heat-killed bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) into specific-pathogen-free mice. After BCG injection, the total number of pulmonary macrophages isolated by lavage and subsequent enzyme digestion of lung tissue increased to 225% of normal within 12 h and, after a minor decrease, rose to a maximum of 250% of normal at 96 h, followed by a decrease to 150% at 144 h, the end of the observation period. The number of circulating monocytes doubled in the first 48 h and stayed close to that level. In vivo and in vitro labeling with [3H]-thymidine showed that an influx of monocytes transforming into pulmonary macrophages was mainly responsible for the population increase. A temporary increase in the number of locally dividing pulmonary macrophages--manifested by an increased in vitro labeling index, reaching a maximum of 9.6% 72 h after BCG injection--made a minor contribution to the population increase. All pulmonary macrophages were classified according to morphological criteria as alveolar-macrophage-like (AML) or non-alveolar-macrophage-like (NAML), and their respective characteristics were established. The in vivo labeling data showed NAML to represent exudate macrophages derived from circulating monocytes entering the interstitial tissue, and these cells changed morphologically into AML upon entering the alveolar hypophase. This mechanism was confirmed by the finding that the interstitially deposited BCG were found first inside NAML and later in AML. The in vivo labeling data showed that local production was mainly a result of division of macrophages that were morphologically identical with normal alveolar macrophages. The former cells, however, derived most probably recently from the circulation, because the turnover of the total population was very high before local macrophage production became maximal. In mice treated with HC before the injection of BCG, this population increase was absent, because of virtual abolition of the initial monocyte influx and absence of the increased local production of macrophages. Calculations showed that the monocyte influx in the first 48 h amounted to approximately 4 x 10(6) cells, i.e., eight times that found in the normal steady state, and that the efflux of pulmonary macrophages in that period amounted to approximately 3.5 x 10(6) cells, i.e., seven times the normal efflux. The local production over the total period of 144 h was only three times that found normally. The results of these quantitative studies show that the increase of the pulmonary macrophage population during an acute inflammation is brought about mainly by monocyte influx and to a minor extent by a temporary increased local production of macrophages. Disposal of interstitially deposited BCG occurred by phagocytosis by local macrophages and the subsequent efflux of the latter.

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis in Chloroplasts from Plant Cells by Virginiamycin

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1195-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cocito ◽  
O. Tiboni ◽  
F. Vanlinden ◽  
O. Ciferri
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Spinach Chloroplasts ◽  
Inhibition Of Protein Synthesis ◽  
Isolated Chloroplasts

Abstract The light-driven incorporation of amino acids by isolated spinach chloroplasts is inhibited by the M component (VM) and not by the S component (VS) of virginiamycin. This inhibitory effect is partially reversible. In chloroplast extracts, poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine formation is strongly inhibited by VM and not by VS. The in vivo synergistic effect of VM and VS observed in bacteria and algae, does not occur in isolated chloroplasts and chloroplast extracts.

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