Lipid Absorption and Deposition in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdnerii)

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1050-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stephen Robinson ◽  
James F. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Portal System ◽  
Absorption Mechanism ◽  
Dark Muscle ◽  
Muscle Lipids

Rainbow trout, fed or starved for 5 weeks, were force-fed 23 μCi 1-14C-palmitic acid and sacrificed at [Formula: see text], 1, 2, 4, 8, and 14 h after feeding. Analysis of the blood suggested that trout possess an intestinal absorption mechanism for lipid that is very different from that found in other animals. The fish, incapable of delivering triglyceride to its circulation in the usual way, receives most of its absorbed lipid as free fatty acids, probably via the portal system. It was also found that light muscle more easily yielded its triglyceride stores, in agreement with its role as the major lipid depot in trout. Nonetheless, dark muscle was metabolically more active in deposition of muscle lipids. Dark muscle appeared to function more as an organ than a kinetically responsible contractile body.

Regulation of lysophosphatidylcholine-metabolizing enzymes in isolated myocardial cells from rat heart

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 944-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Severson ◽  
Thea Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Myocardial Cells ◽  
Acyltransferase Activity ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways ◽  
Lysophospholipase Activity

Enzymatic pathways involved in the metabolism of lysophosphatidylcholine were investigated in rat heart myocardial cells. Acyl CoA-dependent acyltransferase activity was localized in microsomes, and was much greater than lysophospholipase activity in either cytosolic or microsomal fractions. The cytosolic lysophospholipase was more sensitive to inhibition by palmitylcarnitine in comparison to free fatty acids. In contrast, free fatty acids (oleate and palmitate) produced a greater inhibition of the microsomal acyltransferase and lysophospholipase than did palmitylcarnitine. A reduction in the assay pH to 6.5 resulted in an increase in microsomal acyltransferase and cytosolic lysophospholipase activities, but brought about a marked reduction in the microsomal lysophospholipase activity. At pH 6.5, the percentage inhibition of the microsomal acyltransferase by palmitylcarnitine was reduced, whereas the inhibition by palmitic acid was enhanced. The inhibition of the microsomal lysophospholipase by both palmitylcarnitine and palmitic acid was reduced at pH 6.5. With respect to myocardial ischemia, the inhibition of microsomal acyltransferase by free fatty acids and the reduction in microsomal lysophospholipase activity due to acidosis may contribute to the elevation of cellular lysophosphoglycerides which are arrhythmogenic.

scholarly journals High rates of [1-14C]acetate incorporation into the lipid of isolated spinach chloroplasts

1976 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
P G Roughan ◽  
C R Slack ◽  
R Holland
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Spinach Chloroplasts ◽  
Triton X

Spinach chloroplasts, isolated by techniques yielding preparations with high O2- evolving activity, showed rates of light-dependent acetate incorporation into lipids 3-4 fold higher than any previously reported. Incorporation rates as high as 500 nmol of acetate/h per mg of chlorophyll were measured in buffered sorbitol solutions containing only NaHCO3 and [1-14C]acetate, and as high as 800 nmol/h per mg of chlorophyll when 0.13 mM-Triton X-100 was also included in the reaction media. The fatty acids synthesized were predominantly oleic (70-80% of the total fatty acid radioactivity) and palmitic (20-25%) with only minor amounts (1-5%) of linoleic acid. Linolenic acid synthesis was not detected in the system in vitro. Free fatty acids accounted for 70-90% of the radioactivity incorporated and the remainder was shared fairly evenly between 1,2-diacylglycerols and polar lipids. Oleic acid constituted 80-90% of the free fatty acids synthesized, but the diacylglycerols and polar lipids contained slightly more palmitic acid than oleic acid. Triton X-100 stimulated the synthesis of diacylglycerols 3-6 fold, but stimulated free fatty acid synthesis only 1-1.5-fold. Added glycerol 1-phosphate stimulated both the synthesis of diacylglycerols and palmitic acid relative to oleic acid, but did not increase acetate incorporation into total chloroplast lipids. CoA and ATP, when added separately, stimulated acetate incorporation into chloroplast lipids to variable extents and had no effect on the types of lipid synthesized, but when added together resulted in 34% of the incorporated acetate appearing in long-chain acyl-CoA. Pyruvate was a much less effective precursor of chloroplast fatty acids than was acetate.

UTILIZATION OF LIPIDS BY FISH: I. FATTY ACID OXIDATION BY TISSUE SLICES FROM DARK AND WHITE MUSCLE OF RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERII)

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bilinski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Dark Muscle ◽  
Pronounced Difference

The ability of the muscular tissue of fish to oxidize fatty acids has been studied on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii). The rate of oxidation of Na hexanoate-1-C14, K octanoate-1-C14, and K myristate-1-C14by tissue slices from the lateral dark muscle and from the dorsal white muscle was determined at 25 °C by measuring the formation of C14O2. This transformation can be demonstrated in both the white and dark muscle; however, quantitatively a very pronounced difference exists between the two tissues, the dark muscle being more active.

Free fatty acids in human cerebrospinal fluid following subarachnoid hemorrhage and their potential role in vasospasm: a preliminary observation

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie G. Pilitsis ◽  
William M. Coplin ◽  
Michael H. O'Regan ◽  
Jody M. Wellwood ◽  
Fernando G. Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The mechanisms leading to vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remain unclear. Accumulation in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of free fatty acids (FFAs) may play a role in the development of vasospasm; however, in no previous study have concentrations of FFAs in CSF been examined after SAH. Methods. We collected samples of CSF from 20 patients with SAH (18 cases of aneurysmal SAH and two cases of spontaneous cryptogenic SAH) and used a high-performance liquid chromatography assay to determine the FFA concentrations in these samples. We then compared these findings with FFA concentrations in the CSF of control patients. All FFA concentrations measured 24 hours after SAH were significantly greater than control concentrations (p < 0.01 for palmitic acid and < 0.001 for all other FFAs). All measured FFAs remained elevated for the first 48 hours after SAH (p < 0.05 for linoleic acid, p < 0.01 for palmitic acid, and p < 0.001 for the other FFAs). After 7 days, a second elevation in all FFAs was observed (p < 0.05 for linoleic acid, p < 0.01 for palmitic acid, and p < 0.001 for the other FFAs). Samples of CSF collected within 48 hours after SAH from patients in whom angiography and clinical examination confirmed the development of vasospasm after SAH were found to have significantly higher concentrations of arachidonic, linoleic, and palmitic acids than samples collected from patients in whom vasospasm did not develop (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Following SAH, all FFAs are initially elevated. A secondary elevation occurs between 8 and 10 days after SAH. This study provides preliminary evidence of FFA elevation following SAH and of a potential role for FFAs in SAH-induced vasospasm. A prospective study is warranted to determine if CSF concentrations of FFAs are predictive of vasospasm.

Endogenous lipids of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 220-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip W. Albro ◽  
Jean T. Corbett ◽  
Joanna L. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Lumbricus Terrestris ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
Endogenous Lipids ◽  
Earthworm Lumbricus

Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) were given [1-14C]-labeled palmitic acid by gavage on days 0 and 3, and sacrificed on day 7. The distribution of label among lipid classes indicated that glycerides, sterol esters, cerebrosides, sulfatides, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and (or) phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin turn over in, or are synthesized by, the earthworm. Free fatty acids still had the highest specific radioactivity of any lipid class at the end of the experiment. Incorporation of label into sterol and hydrocarbon fractions was insignificant and there was no detectable label incorporated into gangliosides. Phosphatidylethanolamine apparently turned over quite slowly compared with other lipid classes, while the cerebroside fraction became highly labeled. Elongation of palmitic acid to stearate and oxidation to CO2 occurred extensively, but there was no evidence for desaturation.Key words: earthworm, Lumbricus, lipids, gangliosides, metabolism.

Metabolism of free fatty acids by myocardium and kidney

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Gold ◽  
John J. Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Significant Production ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The myocardial and renal removal and oxidation of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) were studied in dogs receiving an infusion of I-C14-palmitate, oleate, linoleate, or octanoate. The myocardium extracted about 40% of the total arterial FFA, and some was oxidized to CO2. Blood C14O2 was consistently higher in the coronary sinus than in the artery. The specific activity of the coronary sinus C14O2 was higher than that of the arterial C14O2 in dogs infused with long-chain fatty acids. The specific activity of arterial C14O2 was higher than that of the coronary sinus C14O2 when octanoate was infused. There were no differences observed in FFA extraction and C14O2 production among the different groups of animals receiving the various long-chain fatty acids. In gas chromatographic studies palmitic acid was the only FFA with a consistent net removal by the kidney. Approximately 9% of the arterial radiopalmitate was removed by this organ in dogs receiving infusions of palmitic acid-1-C14. Simultaneously, C14O2 was produced by the kidney. A consistent removal of oleate-1-C14 or a significant production of C14O2 was not found. Infusion of octanoate-1-C14 led to a marked release of C14O2 by the kidney, with greatly increased CO2 specific activity in the renal vein.

UTILIZATION OF LIPIDS BY FISH: I. FATTY ACID OXIDATION BY TISSUE SLICES FROM DARK AND WHITE MUSCLE OF RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERII)

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bilinski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Dark Muscle ◽  
Pronounced Difference

The ability of the muscular tissue of fish to oxidize fatty acids has been studied on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii). The rate of oxidation of Na hexanoate-1-C14, K octanoate-1-C14, and K myristate-1-C14by tissue slices from the lateral dark muscle and from the dorsal white muscle was determined at 25 °C by measuring the formation of C14O2. This transformation can be demonstrated in both the white and dark muscle; however, quantitatively a very pronounced difference exists between the two tissues, the dark muscle being more active.

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