Dissociation Reassociation and Phenylalanine Incorporation by Chloroplast and Cytoplasmic Wheat-Leaf Ribosomes

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berne L. Jones ◽  
N. Nagabhushan ◽  
Edward B. Tucker ◽  
Saul Zalik
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Zonal Separation

Ribosome preparations from wheat seedlings were separated by zonal centrifugation to yield monomers of 80 S (cytoplasmic) and 70 S (chloroplast). When centrifuged through gradients containing high KCl-to-MgCl2 buffer, the 80 S ribosomes dissociated into subunits of 61 S, 49 S, and 42 S, while the 70 S monomers gave subunits of 50 S and 30 S. After zonal separation of the subunits, they could be reassociated into parent ribosomes in the presence of MgCl2. Both 80 S and 70 S ribosomes actively synthesized polyphenylalanine in the presence of poly U. The rate of synthesis was similar for both species. Incorporation of phenylalanine by 80 S and 70 S ribosomes was inhibited by puromycin, was not inhibited by cycloheximide, and only the 70 S species was affected by chloramphenicol, indicating that the latter was of chloroplast origin.

Respiratory Responses of Pea and Wheat Seedlings to Chloramphenicol Treatment

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qisen Zhang ◽  
L Mischis ◽  
JT Wiskich
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Respiratory Responses ◽  
Cyanide Resistant Respiration

A common feature in responding to chloramphenicol treatment for pea and wheat seedlings was the substantial increases in the rates of cyanide-resistant respiration. However, they were very different in many other aspects. Whole pea leaves appeared yellowish 3 or more days after chloramphenicol treatment. The chlorophyll content decreased by 30% after 9-10 days. In wheat seedlings, chloramphenicol treatment resulted in a complete loss of chlorophyll and formation of white tissues in the base of their leaves. The top region of leaves was still green. The un-inhibited rates of respiration decreased in pea, but increased in wheat mitochondria oxidising NADH. There was an approximately 5-fold increase in the activity of externally facing NADH dehydrogenase in wheat, but not in pea mitochondria. Western blot analysis showed that there were two additional bands of lower molecular weight alternative oxidases (32-33 kDa) in chloramphenicol-treated wheat leaf mitochondria, but there was no increase in alternative oxidase proteins in chloramphenicol-treated pea leaf and root mitochondria. Wheat seedlings responded to chlorarnphenicol treatment presumably by increasing the rate of glycolysis, while pea seedlings may have a different mechanism.

scholarly journals In vivo sensitivity reduction of Puccinia triticina races, causal agent of wheat leaf rust, to DMI and QoI fungicides

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele da Silva Arduim ◽  
Erlei Melo Reis ◽  
Amarilis Labes Barcellos ◽  
Camila Turra
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Qoi Fungicides ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
Demethylation Inhibitor

Experiments were carried out to determine in vivo the IC50 and the IC90 for demethylation-inhibitor fungicides (DMIs, triazoles) and quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs, strobilurins) to the five most frequent races of Puccinia triticina in 2007 growing season in Southern Brazil. The tests were done in a greenhouse with wheat seedlings. DMI fungicides were tested at the concentrations, in mg/L, 0.0; 0.02; 0.2; 2.0; 20.0; 100.0 and 200.0, and QoIs at the concentrations 0.0; 0.0001; 0.001; 0.01; 0.1; 1 and 10.0 mg of active ingredient/L water. Fungicides were preventively applied at 24 hours before the inoculation of seedlings with the fungal spores. The effect of treatments was assessed based on the number of uredia/cm². The lowest IC50 (inhibitory concentration) for DMI fungicides determined for MCG-MN, sensitive race, ranged from 0.33 to 0.91 mg/L, while the highest values for MDP-MR, MDT-MR, MDK-MR, MFH-HT races, varied from 9.63 to 85.64 mg/L (suspected insensitivity). QoI fungicide presented an IC50 varying from 0.0018 to 0.14 mg/L. The sensitivity reduction factor for DMIs varied from 8.8 to 238.8, and for QoIs from 0.3 to 1.5 mg/L. Sensitivity reduction was confirmed for the races MDP-MR, MDT-MR, MDK-MR, MFH-HT to DMIs, as well as their sensitivity to QoI fungicides.

scholarly journals Preinoculation Effects of Light Quantity on Infection Efficiency of Puccinia striiformis and P. triticina on Wheat Seedlings

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1308-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. de Vallavieille-Pope ◽  
L. Huber ◽  
M. Leconte ◽  
O. Bethenod
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Infection Efficiency ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Light Duration ◽  
Richards Function ◽  
Light Quantity

In a previous study under controlled conditions, a model was developed to predict the infection efficiency for the wheat leaf and stripe rust fungi based on temperature and dew period during the 24 h after inoculation. The two pathogens differed in their maximum infection efficiency under controlled conditions for temperature and dew period, the infection efficiency was 12 times greater for Puccinia triticina than for P. striiformis. In the present study, the model was validated by field results to predict P. triticina infection efficiency as a function of temperature and dew period only. However, this model failed to predict infection efficiency caused by P. striiformis in the field. The model was adapted to include the effects of light quantity on infection efficiency. Wheat seedlings, grown in climate-controlled rooms and exposed to various regimes of light duration and intensity for 24 h in either field or controlled conditions, were inoculated and incubated in climate-controlled rooms under optimal dew and temperature conditions. Quantity of natural or artificial light (light intensity × duration) received by the plants prior to inoculation enhanced infection efficiency of wheat seedlings inoculated by P. striiformis. Infection efficiency increased from 0.4 to 36% depending on the light quantity according to a Richards' function. For stripe rust, three environmental variables, preinoculation light quantity received by the plants, postinoculation temperature, and postinoculation dew period, were used for fitting a model for infection efficiency measured in the field.

Study on the growth of wheat seedlings under acetic acid ionic liquids [Cnmim][OAc] (n = 2, 4, 6)

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (99) ◽  
pp. 96908-96913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonglin Chen ◽  
Bing Dai ◽  
Weichen Zhang ◽  
Wei Guan ◽  
Neng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wheat Leaf

A transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe the cellular structure of wheat leaf under the effects of ionic liquids (ILs).

Lectin activity of winter wheat seedlings affected by eyespot causal agent under the action of Bacillus subtilis 537/Б1 bacterial isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
M. Musiienko ◽  
L. Batsmanova ◽  
Ju. Pys'menna ◽  
T. Kondratiuk ◽  
N. Taran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Lectin Activity ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on localization of ABA, AZP, and dehydrins in wheat plant roots during dehydration

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
A.R. Lubyanova ◽  
F.M. Shakirova ◽  
M.V. Bezrukova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Apoplastic Barrier ◽  
Protective Proteins

We studied the immunohistochemical localization of abscisic acid (ABA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and dehydrins in the roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) during 24-epibrassinolide-pretreatment (EB-pretreatment) and PEG-induced dehydration. It was found coimmunolocalization of ABA, WGA and dehydrins in the cells of central cylinder of basal part untreated and EB-pretreated roots of wheat seedlings under normal conditions and under osmotic stress. Such mutual localization ABA and protective proteins, WGA and dehydrins, indicates the possible effect of their distribution in the tissues of EB-pretreated wheat roots during dehydration on the apoplastic barrier functioning, which apparently contributes to decrease the water loss under dehydration. Perhaps, the significant localization of ABA and wheat lectin in the metaxylem region enhances EB-induced transport of ABA and WGA from roots to shoots under stress. It can be assumed that brassinosteroids can serve as intermediates in the realization of the protective effect of WGA and wheat dehydrins during water deficit.

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