Studies on the effect of inflammation on rat serum proteins

F. E. Ashton; J. C. Jamieson; A. D. Friesen

doi:10.1139/o70-133

Studies on the effect of inflammation on rat serum proteins

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1139/o70-133 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 48 (8) ◽

pp. 841-850 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

F. E. Ashton ◽

J. C. Jamieson ◽

A. D. Friesen

Keyword(s):

Serum Proteins ◽

Deae Cellulose ◽

Rat Serum ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Inflammatory Agent ◽

Fractionation Procedure ◽

Time Periods ◽

Short Time ◽

New Protein ◽

Short Times

The effect of turpentine-induced inflammation on rat serum proteins has been studied at short time periods of exposure to an inflammatory agent (5–96 h). There was an increase in protein-bound hexose and hexosamine of serum reaching a maximum at 48 h after administration of turpentine. Eight fractions were prepared from serum by a combination of chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and preparative electrophoresis on strips of gelatinized cellulose acetate. Most of the increase in protein-bound carbohydrate (77–86%) found in serum from experimental animals was located in three fractions following the fractionation procedure; immunological studies revealed the presence of fibrinogen and haptoglobin in two of these fractions. There was no evidence for the presence of a new protein in serum at short times of exposure to an inflammatory agent. Proteins present in the perchloric acid soluble and seromucoid fractions of serum were found in five fractions, only two of which contributed to the increase in protein-bound carbohydrate of serum found as a result of inflammation. Studies involving incorporation of labelled precursors of glycoprotein biosynthesis into fractions from serum indicated that the most likely explanation for the increase in protein-bound carbohydrate of serum, as a result of inflammation, was an increase in the rate of synthesis of certain serum glycoproteins.

Download Full-text

Studies on Acute Phase Proteins of Rat Serum. III. Site of Synthesis of Albumin and α1-Acid Glycoprotein and the Contents of These Proteins in Liver Microsome Fractions from Rats Suffering from Induced Inflammation

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1139/o73-135 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 51 (7) ◽

pp. 1034-1045 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

J. C. Jamieson ◽

F. E. Ashton

Keyword(s):

Liver Microsome ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Specific Radioactivity ◽

Rat Serum ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Acid Glycoprotein ◽

Inflammatory Agent ◽

Microsome Fraction ◽

Rapid Stimulation ◽

Short Times

Following injection of L-ieucine-3H or D-glucosamine-14C to normal rats or rats suffering from inflammation for 12 h there was a delay of 10–15 min before label appeared in albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein in serum; thereafter, there were rapid increases in specific radioactivities. The specific radioactivity of L-leucine-3H in albumin in serum from normal and experimental animals was not significantly different; however, there was a more rapid increase in specific radioactivities of both labelled compounds in α1-acid glycoprotein isolated from serum from experimental animals. Immunological techniques coupled with radioautography indicated that the microsome fraction of liver was the subcellular site of synthesis of albumin and of carbohydrate and polypeptide moieties of α1-acid glycoprotein in normal and experimental animals. The contents of albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein in liver microsome fractions from normal and experimental animals were determined by application of the quantitative precipitin technique to Lubrol-W extracts of microsome material. Little change in content of albumin associated with microsome material was found as a result of inflammation; however, there was a significant increase in the content of α1-acid glycoprotein in microsome material from experimental animals, reaching a maximum at 8–12 h after inflammation. On the basis of these latter results, it is suggested (1) that there is a fairly rapid stimulation of synthesis of α1-acid glycoprotein by liver in response to inflammation and (2) that the increased content of α1-acid glycoprotein associated with microsome material at short times of exposure to inflammatory agent is responsible for the increased content of this protein found in serum at longer times of exposure to inflammatory agent.

Download Full-text

Studies on Acute Phase Proteins of Rat Serum. II. Determination of the Contents of α1-Acid Glycoprotein, α2-Macroglobulin, and Albumin in Serum from Rats Suffering from Induced Inflammation

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1139/o72-122 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 50 (8) ◽

pp. 871-880 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

J. C. Jamieson ◽

F. E. Ashton ◽

A. D. Friesen ◽

B. Chou

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Rat Serum ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Acid Glycoprotein ◽

Inflammatory Agent ◽

Glycoprotein Biosynthesis ◽

Α2 Macroglobulin

A quantitative precipitin technique has been employed to determine the contents of α1-acid glycoprotein, α2-macroglobulin, and albumin in serum from control rats and rats suffering from induced inflammation for 5–96 h. There was an increase in the content of α1-acid glycoprotein and α2-macroglobulin in serum from experimental animals reaching a maximum at 48–72 h after administration of inflammatory agent indicating that both proteins are acute phase globulins. There was only a slight change in the content of albumin in serum from experimental animals when compared with controls. Studies involving incorporation of labelled precursors of glycoprotein biosynthesis into α1-acid glycoprotein and α2-macroglobulin indicated that the most likely explanation for the increase in α1-acid glycoprotein and α2-macroglobulin in serum from experimental animals was an increase in the rates of synthesis of the two proteins in question.

Download Full-text

NUTRITIONAL STRESS AND THE ACUTE-PHASE REACTANTS OF RAT SERUM IN EXPERIMENTAL INFLAMMATION

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y65-099 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 925-935 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Henry E. Weimer ◽

James F. Godfrey

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Serum Proteins ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Nutritional Stress ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Rat Serum ◽

Acute Phase Reactants ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Experimental Inflammation ◽

New Protein

The effects of acute starvation, food restriction, and protein depletion on the response of serum proteins to turpentine-induced inflammation were investigated in adult, male, Sprague–Dawley rats. The animals were fed nutritionally inadequate diets until a 20% weight loss was attained, then they were challenged. Significant increases occurred in the concentrations of protein-bound hexose, protein-bound hexosamine, and protein-bound sialic acid, and in the fibrinogen, seromucoid, α2- and β-globulin fractions; a new protein, α2-AP (acute-phase) globulin, appeared in the serum concomitant with decreased levels of total protein, albumin, and γ-globulin after the injection of the phlogogenic agent. The same pattern of response to inflammation occurred, irrespective of whether the rats were fed the stock or experimental diets.The conclusion was drawn that the response of the acute-phase reactants of rat serum to tissue injury is of such magnitude that it is not suppressed by several types of severe nutritional stress. Possible factors involved in the response are discussed.

Download Full-text

EVIDENCE THAT THE L-ASPARAGINASE OF GUINEA PIG SERUM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS ANTILYMPHOMA EFFECTS

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.118.1.99 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 118 (1) ◽

pp. 99-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 177

Author(s):

J. D. Broome

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Serum Proteins ◽

Deae Cellulose ◽

Salt Precipitation ◽

Asparaginase Activity ◽

Pig Serum

A number of the properties of the L-asparaginase present in guinea pig serum have been examined and shown to be indistinguishable from those of the agent responsible for inhibiting cells of lymphoma 6C3HED in vivo. The patterns of instability of the enzyme to changes in temperature and pH were found to parallel closely those of the antilymphoma agent. L-Asparaginase activity was essentially absent from the serum of newborn guinea pigs and this failed to inhibit 6C3HED cells. On separating guinea pig serum proteins by salt precipitation, electrophoresis, and chromatography on DEAE cellulose, antilymphoma activity was found only in fractions which contained L-asparaginase.

Download Full-text

Data Collection for Investigating Speech Variability in A Specific Speaker Over Long and Short Time Periods

2005 International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering ◽

10.1109/nlpke.2005.1598725 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

S. Tsuge ◽

M. Shishibori ◽

Fuji Ren ◽

K. Kita ◽

S. Kuroiwa

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Speech Variability ◽

Time Periods ◽

Short Time

Download Full-text

Recognition of Short Time Periods through Seriation

American Antiquity ◽

10.2307/278938 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 628-629 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Clement W. Meighan

Keyword(s):

How realistic are painted lightnings? Quantitative comparison of the morphology of painted and real lightnings: a psychophysical approach

Proceedings of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspa.2017.0859 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 474 (2214) ◽

pp. 20170859 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mark Stromp ◽

Alexandra Farkas ◽

Balázs Kretzer ◽

Dénes Száz ◽

András Barta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Software Package ◽

Relative Length ◽

Quantitative Comparison ◽

Angle Distribution ◽

Morphological Parameters ◽

Turning Angle ◽

Local Maxima ◽

Time Periods ◽

Short Time ◽

Number Of Branches

Inspired by the pioneer work of the nineteenth century photographer, William Nicholson Jennings, we studied quantitatively how realistic painted lightnings are. In order to answer this question, we examined 100 paintings and 400 photographs of lightnings. We used our software package to process and evaluate the morphology of lightnings. Three morphological parameters of the main lightning branch were analysed: (i) number of branches N b , (ii) relative length r , and (iii) number of local maxima (peaks) N p of the turning angle distribution. We concluded: (i) Painted lightnings differ from real ones in N b and N p . (ii) The r -values of painted and real lightnings vary in the same range. (iii) 67 and 22% of the studied painted and real lightnings were non-bifurcating ( N b = 1, meaning only the main branch), the maximum of N b of painted and real lightnings is 11 and 51, respectively, and painted bifurcating lightnings possess mostly 2–4 branches, while real lightnings have mostly 2–10 branches. To understand these findings, we performed two psychophysical experiments with 10 test persons, whose task was to guess N b on photographs of real lightnings which were flashed for short time periods Δ t = 0.5, 0.75 and 1 s (characteristic to lightnings) on a monitor. We obtained that (i) test persons can estimate the number of lightning branches quite correctly if N b ≤ 11. (ii) If N b > 11, its value is strongly underestimated with exponentially increasing difference between the real and estimated numbers. (iii) The estimation is independent of the flashing period Δ t of lightning photos/pictures. (iv) The estimation is more accurate, if skeletonized lightning pictures are flashed, rather than real lightning photos. These findings explain why artists usually illustrate lightnings with branches not larger than 11.

Download Full-text

Scaling Issues in Landscape Ecology

Essentials of Landscape Ecology ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198838388.003.0002 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 14-41

Author(s):

Kimberly A. With

Keyword(s):

Landscape Ecology ◽

Spatial Patterns ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Ecological Data ◽

Ecological Forecasting ◽

Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽

Time Periods ◽

Patterns And Processes ◽

Short Time ◽

Over Time

Spatial patterns are ubiquitous in nature, and ecological systems exhibit patchiness (heterogeneity) across a range of spatial and temporal scales. Landscape ecology is explicitly concerned with understanding how scale affects the measurement of heterogeneity and the scale(s) at which spatial pattern is important for ecological phenomena. Patterns and processes measured at fine spatial scales and over short time periods are unlikely to behave similarly at broader scales and extended time periods. An understanding of pattern-process linkages, a major research focus in landscape ecology, thus requires an understanding of how patterns change with scale, spatially and temporally. The development of methods for extrapolating information across scales is necessary for predicting how landscapes will change over time as well as for ecological forecasting. This chapter explores how scaling issues affect ecological investigations, discusses problems in identifying the correct scale for research, and outlines when and how ecological data can be extrapolated.

Download Full-text