Amino acid, sugar, and organic acid content during germination of Gateway barley and its chlorophyll mutant

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1479-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Sane ◽  
Saul Zalik
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Endogenous Amino Acids ◽  
Etiolated Seedlings ◽  
Organic Acid Content ◽  
Mutant Seed

Amino acids and total soluble sugars in the embryo and endosperm of etiolated seedlings of Gateway barley and its mutant were compared over a 10-day period. The endosperm of the mutant had a lower reserve of protein but the levels of protein and free glycine, which is the nitrogenous precursor of chlorophyll, were similar in the embryos of both lines. Thus the low reserve of nitrogen in the mutant seed was not responsible for its virescent character. Based upon the changes in the amounts of endogenous amino acids it appeared that the free amino acids were direct precursors of protein. The content of total soluble sugars was similar in both lines. Shoots of light-grown seedlings of the mutant accumulated considerably more malate than those of the normal line. Although there was special interest in determining the amount of succinate at different stages of seedling development, none was detectable until the 10th day.

scholarly journals Seed reserve composition and mobilization during germination and initial seedling development of Euphorbia heterophylla

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
CECILIA N.K. SUDA ◽  
JARBAS F. GIORGINI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Seed Composition ◽  
Rapid Transfer ◽  
Albumin Depletion

Seed composition and reserve mobilization were investigated in wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.). Lipids, around 60% of seed dry mass, are the major reserve. Proteins, including albumins (49%), salt insoluble globulins (30%), salt-soluble globulins (21%) and prolamins (0.3%), comprise about a quarter of seed dry mass. Soluble sugars comprise about 3.6% of seed dry mass, sucrose being the predominant sugar. Starch was not detected in the endosperm of E. heterophylla. Lipid depletion starts after initial imbibition, and is completed between 72 and 96 hours. Protein fractions exhibit different degradation patterns, salt-soluble globulins being continuously degraded after the start of imbibition whereas salt insoluble fractions are degraded between 36 and 72 hours, and albumins between 60 and 84 hours. Globulin depletion is accompanied by an increase in free amino acids in the endosperm whereas intense albumin depletion is not. This result suggests that during albumin depletion there is a rapid transfer of amino acids to the growing embryo. Histochemical studies indicated that light accelerates protein degradation in the micropylar area of the seed. Soluble sugars increase in the embryo with no concomitant decrease in the endosperm, suggesting that sugars are mostly originated from the catabolism of lipids.

scholarly journals Effect of UV-B Radiation on Germination of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-891
Author(s):  
Nagendram Erram ◽  
Anil Gaddameedi ◽  
Swapna Siddamalla ◽  
Tumu Venkat Reddy ◽  
Manjula Bhanoori
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Proline Concentration

ABSTRACT: In the present investigation, Maize seeds of hybrid NK 6240 and 900M Gold were exposed to UV-B (280-320 nm) for periods of 40 and 60 minutes and compared with the control without exposer to UV-B. The biochemical changes associated with UV-B induced resistance were investigated by determination of proline concentration, total soluble sugars, total soluble protein, malondialdehyde content and free amino acids from leaves and roots. Also comparison for germination percentage between control and treated seeds was carried along with biochemical traits. Analysis of variance explains both the hybrids were significantly different in germination percentage, total soluble sugars, proline and free amino acids. Whereas both treatments showed high significant variation for all the studied traits, but genotype × treatment interaction was non-significant for all the traits. 40 minutes UV-B treated seeds showed reduced total soluble sugars and increased malondialdehyde, proline and total soluble protein content. In 60 minutes UV-B treatment, decrease in free amino acids, proline, percentage of germination, and total soluble protein and increase in total soluble sugars was observed.

scholarly journals Seed Pretreatment and Foliar Application of Proline Regulate Morphological, Physio-Biochemical Processes and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Plants of Two Cultivars of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Hira Yaqoob ◽  
Nudrat A. Akram ◽  
Samrah Iftikhar ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Noman Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Free Amino Acids

In the current study, the effects of exogenously applied proline (25 and 50 mM) and low-temperature treatment were examined on the physiochemical parameters in the plants of two cultivars (V1 and V2) of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). The seeds were also exposed to chilling stress at 4 °C before sowing. Plants raised from the seeds treated with low temperature showed reduced plant growth and contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids, but they had significantly increased contents of malondialdehyde, proline, ascorbic acid, total free amino acids, total soluble sugars, and total phenolics, as well as the activity of the peroxidase (POD) enzyme. Cold stress applied to seeds remained almost ineffective in terms of bringing about changes in plant root, hydrogen peroxide, glycine betaine and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) enzymes. The exogenous application of proline significantly increased plant growth, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, ascorbic acid, total free amino acids, phenolics, and total soluble sugars, as well as the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT, but it decreased malondialdehyde content. Overall, foliar application of proline was better than the seed treatment in improving root dry weight, root length, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, glycine betaine, ascorbic acid and superoxide dismutase activity, whereas seed pre-treatment with proline was effective in improving shoot dry weight, shoot length, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and peroxidase activity in both quinoa cultivars.

scholarly journals Silicon induces hormetic dose-response effects on growth and concentrations of chlorophylls, amino acids and sugars in pepper plants during the early developmental stage

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez ◽  
Atonaltzin García-Jiménez ◽  
Hugo Fernando Escobar-Sepúlveda ◽  
Sara Monzerrat Ramírez-Olvera ◽  
Jericó Jabín Bello-Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Early Developmental Stage ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Free Amino Acids ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Pepper Plants

Background Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element that has been proven to influence plant responses including growth, development and metabolism in a hormetic manner. Methods In the present study, we evaluated the effect of Si on the growth and concentrations of chlorophylls, total amino acids, and total sugars of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) during the early developmental stage in a hydroponic system under conventional (unstressed) conditions. We tested four Si concentrations (applied as calcium silicate): 0, 60, 125 and 250 mg L−1, and growth variables were measured 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment (dat), while biochemical variables were recorded at the end of the experiment, 28 dat. Results The application of 125 mg L−1 Si improved leaf area, fresh and dry biomass weight in leaves and stems, total soluble sugars, and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b in both leaves and stems. The amino acids concentration in leaves and roots, as well as the stem diameter were the highest in plants treated with 60 mg L−1 Si. Nevertheless, Si applications reduced root length, stem diameter and total free amino acids in leaves and stems, especially when applied at the highest concentration (i.e., 250 mg L−1 Si). Conclusion The application of Si has positive effects on pepper plants during the early developmental stage, including stimulation of growth, as well as increased concentrations of chlorophylls, total free amino acids and total soluble sugars. In general, most benefits from Si applications were observed in the range of 60–125 mg L−1 Si, while some negative effects were observed at the highest concentration applied (i.e., 250 mg L−1 Si). Therefore, pepper is a good candidate crop to benefit from Si application during the early developmental stage under unstressed conditions.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF WHEY ON THE QUANTITATIVE CHANGE IN RESERVE FOOD OF THE GERMINATING SEEDS

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
Prabha Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Total Free Amino Acid ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
And Control ◽  
Germinating Seeds

The percent starch in the germinating paddy seed was found gradually less faster due to treatment with whey than the control. Percent protein from germinating lentil seed was found to be gradually reduced with faster rate due to treatment with whey than the control. There appeared increase in soluble sugars in the endosperm of paddy during germination both in treated and control seeds. Also it was found that there is increase in total free amino acid in the cotyledons of lentils due to the treatment of whey. The decline in the amount of total soluble sugars in the endosperm of paddy after 3rd day of germination and in the cotyledon of lentil after 2nd day points out that soluble carbohydrates are more rapidly transferred to the embryo in lentil than to the paddy. Also decline in the amount of total free amino acid was observed in the endosperm of paddy after 3rd day while same on the 3rd day in lentil indicates the speed of the transfers of amino acid to the growing embryo. The unequal or varying speed might be due to the nature of seed as they belong to two unrelated group of plants.

scholarly journals The Effect of Brassinosteroids on Rootting of Stem Cuttings in Two Barberry (Berberis thunbergii L.) Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Andrzej Pacholczak ◽  
Małgorzata Zajączkowska ◽  
Karolina Nowakowska
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Berberis Thunbergii ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars

Brassinosteroids are a group of over seventy steroid compounds whose discovery in lower and higher plant organisms created new possibilities of plant growth control. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of two brassinosteroids: brassinolide (BL) and 24-epibrassinolide (24epiBL) as compared to the auxin rooting enhancer indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), on the rooting of stem cuttings in two Thunberg’s barberry cultivars ‘Maria’ and ‘Red Rocket’. The cuttings were sprayed with water solutions of growth regulators: IBA (200 mg·L−1), 0.05% BL or 24epiBL, as well as with a combination of each of brassinosteroids with the auxin while the control cuttings were sprayed with water. In both cultivars brassinosteroids positively affected a degree of rooting and root length. Their application resulted in elevated contents of chlorophyll, total soluble sugars, free amino acids, hydrogen peroxide and catalase activity. Brassinosteroids were more effective when combined with the auxin than when used singly.

scholarly journals Growth and organic solutes accumulation in seedlings of Caatinga tree species in response of water deficit and potassium

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Ediglécia Pereira de Almeida ◽  
Antonio Lucineudo de Oliveira Freire ◽  
Ivonete Alves Bakke ◽  
Cheila Deisy Ferreira ◽  
George Martins de França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Severe Water Deficit ◽  
Total Free Amino Acids

Drought stress negatively influences a variety of essential physiological process for plant growth and biomass production, and potassium contributes to the absorption of water and maintaining cell turgor, being crucial to understand the seedlings water stress responses. This research aimed to verify the effects to water deficiency and potassium on the growth and accumulation of organic solutes in Myracrodruon urundeuva, Libidibia ferrea, and Mimosa tenuiflora. The treatments were distributed in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme, with three water levels (100%pc - control, 50%pc - moderate water deficit, and 25%pc - severe water deficit) and three doses of potassium (0, 97.5 and 195 mg dm-3 K). The plants were sown in black plastic bags, containing 5 kg of soil. Were evaluated plant height, stem diameter, and leaf concentrations of total soluble sugars, total free amino acids, and proteins. The water deficit caused a reduction in the growth of M. urundeuva and M. tenuiflora plants, regardless of the added potassium. The plants of M. urundeuva and M.  tenuiflora were not demanding in potassium, while potassium fertilization with 97.5 mg dm-3 K favored L. ferrea plants, especially when kept under moderate water deficit. The moderate water deficit promoted accumulation of total free amino acids and soluble proteins in M. urundeuva, while in L. ferrea there was accumulation of total free amino acids under severe water deficit. Increase in the potassium promoted reduction in the concentrations of total soluble sugars and soluble proteins.

Plasma-Free Amino Acid Profiling of Nasal Polyposis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Celik ◽  
Alper Şen ◽  
İsmail Koyuncu ◽  
Ataman Gönel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of

Aim and Objective:: To determine the mechanisms present in the etiopathogenesis of nasal polyposis. It is not clear whether amino acids contribute in a causal way to the development of the disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the plasma-free amino acid profile in patients with nasal polyposis and to compare the results with a healthy control group. Materials and Methods:: This was a prospective controlled study that took place in the Otolaryngology Department at the Harran University Faculty of Medicine between April 2017 and April 2018. Plasmafree amino acid profile levels were studied in serum samples taken from a patient group and a healthy control group. Patients who were diagnosed with bilateral diffuse nasal polyposis and were scheduled for surgical interventions were included in this study. Individuals whose age, gender, and body mass index values were compatible with that of the patient group and who did not have any health problems were included in the control group. All the participants whose levels of plasma-free amino acid were thought to be affected by one or more of the following factors were excluded from the study: smoking and alcohol use, allergic rhinitis presence, the presence of acute or chronic sinusitis, a history of endoscopic sinus surgery, unilateral nasal masses, a history of chronic drug use, systemic or topical steroid use in the last three months for any reason, and liver, kidney, hematological, cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological, or psychiatric disorders or malignancies. Results: In patients with nasal polyposis, 3-methyl histidine (3-MHIS: nasal polyposis group (ng) = 3.22 (1.92 – 6.07); control group (cg) = 1.21 (0.77 – 1.68); p = 0.001); arginine (arg: ng = 98.95 (70.81 – 117.75); cg = 75.10 (54.49 – 79.88); p = 0.005); asparagine (asn: ng = 79.84 (57.50 – 101.44); cg = 60.66 (46.39 – 74.62); p = 0.021); citrulline (cit: ng = 51.83 (43.81 – 59.78); cg = 38.33 (27.81 – 53.73); p = 0.038); cystine (cys: ng = 4.29 (2.43 – 6.66); cg = 2.41 (1.51 – 4.16); p = 0.019); glutamic acid (glu: ng = 234.86 (128.75 – 286.66); cg = 152.37 (122.51 – 188.34); p = 0.045); histidine (his: ng = 94.19 (79.34 – 113.99); cg = 74.80 (62.76 – 98.91); p = 0.018); lysine (lys: ng = 297.22 (206.55 – 371.25); cg = 179.50 (151.58 – 238.02); p = 0.001); ornithine (ng = 160.62 (128.36 – 189.32); cg = 115.91 (97.03 – 159.91); p = 0.019); serine (ser: ng = 195.15 (151.58 – 253.07); cg = 83.07 (67.44 – 92.44); p = 0.001); taurine (tau: ng = 74.69 (47.00 – 112.13); cg = 53.14 (33.57 – 67.31); p = 0.006); tryptophan (trp: ng = 52.31 (33.81 – 80.11); cg = 34.44 (25.94 – 43.07); p = 0.005), homocitrulline (ng = 1.75 (1.27 – 2.59); cg = 0.00 (0.00 – 0.53); p = 0.001); norvaline (ng = 6.90 (5.61 – 9.18); cg = 4.93 (3.74 – 7.13); p = 0.021); argininosuccinic acid (ng = 14.33 (10.06 – 25.65); cg = 12.22 (5.77 – 16.87) p = 0.046); and plasma concentrations were significantly higher than in the healthy control group (p <0.05). However, the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba: ng = 0.16 (0.10 – 0.24); cg = 0.21 (0.19 – 0.29); p = 0.010) plasma concentration was significantly lower in the nasal polyposis group than in the healthy control group. Conclusion: In this study, plasma levels of 15 free amino acids were significantly higher in the nasal polyposis group than in the healthy control group. A plasma level of 1 free amino acid was found to be significantly lower in the nasal polyposis group compared to the healthy control group. Therefore, it is important to determine the possibility of using the information obtained to prevent the recurrence of the condition and to develop effective treatment strategies. This study may be a milestone for studies of this subject. However, this study needs to be confirmed by further studies conducted in a larger series.

Evaluation of seed amino acid content and its correlation network analysis in wild soybean (Glycine soja) germplasm in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Awatsaya Chotekajorn ◽  
Takuyu Hashiguchi ◽  
Masatsugu Hashiguchi ◽  
Hidenori Tanaka ◽  
Ryo Akashi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Free Amino Acid Content

AbstractWild soybean (Glycine soja) is a valuable genetic resource for soybean improvement. Seed composition profiles provide beneficial information for the effective conservation and utilization of wild soybeans. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the variation in free amino acid abundance in the seeds of wild soybean germplasm collected in Japan. The free amino acid content in the seeds from 316 accessions of wild soybean ranged from 0.965 to 5.987 mg/g seed dry weight (DW), representing a 6.2-fold difference. Three amino acids had the highest coefficient of variation (CV): asparagine (1.15), histidine (0.95) and glutamine (0.94). Arginine (0.775 mg/g DW) was the predominant amino acid in wild soybean seeds, whereas the least abundant seed amino acid was glutamine (0.008 mg/g DW). A correlation network revealed significant positive relationships among most amino acids. Wild soybean seeds from different regions of origin had significantly different levels of several amino acids. In addition, a significant correlation between latitude and longitude of the collection sites and the total free amino acid content of seeds was observed. Our study reports diverse phenotypic data on the free amino acid content in seeds of wild soybean resources collected from throughout Japan. This information will be useful in conservation programmes for Japanese wild soybean and for the selection of accessions with favourable characteristics in future legume crop improvement efforts.

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