Studies on the chemical constitution of cell-wall lipopolysaccharides from Neisseria perflava

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1175-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Adams ◽  
M. Kates ◽  
D. H. Shaw ◽  
M. Yaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Glycosidic Bonds ◽  
Chemical Constitution ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Sugars ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Ethanolamine Phosphate ◽  
Neisseria Perflava ◽  
Palmitic Acids

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were prepared from Neisseria perflava cells and separated into chloroform-soluble and chloroform-insoluble fractions in about equal proportions. The preparations were almost free from protein and contained only traces of peptide material. Both LPS fractions contained 3-deoxyoctulosonic acid (KDO), lipid A, glucose, rhamnose, heptose, glucosamine, galactosamine, ethanolamine, phosphate, and fatty acids. Both fractions had the same proportions of hexosamines and ethanolamine and the same fatty acid components (chiefly β-hydroxymyristic, β-faydroxylauric, octadecenoic, and palmitic acids), but differed markedly in their relative molar proportions of KDO to neutral sugars and of neutral sugars to total fatty acids. Equimolar proportions of hexosamine, ethanolamine, and phosphate in the lipid A moieties suggested that ethanolamine phosphate was linked to glucosamine, probably at the C-6 position. Fatty acids were bound in the LPS by both amide and ester linkages. Heptose units were linked linearly by 1 → 3 glycosidic bonds. About 25% of the glucose units were linked 1 → 3 in a chain; other glucose units were branched as were the rhamnose units. The proportions and arrangement of the heptose, KDO, and lipid A components suggest that the backbone part of the N. perflava lipopolysaccharide is very similar to that found in the Salmonella-Escherichia group.

Lipopolysaccharide and proteins of the cell envelope of Vibrio marinus, a marine bacterium

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1211-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl F. Deneke ◽  
R. R. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Lipopolysaccharides isolated from the marine bacterium Vibrio marinus strain PS-207 were found to be similar to the lipopolysaccharides of R mutants of enteric organisms, with respect to extraction characteristics, percentage of lipid A (61%), and sugars of the polysaccharide side chain (glucose and heptose). A high ratio (2:1) of phosphate to amino sugar was found in the lipid A. Hydroxy fatty acids constituted only 14% of the total fatty acids of the lipid A fraction, whereas branched and straight-chain fatty acids were present in greater abundance. The major envelope proteins of V. marinus strain PS-207 fell into three molecular weight classes determined by SDS gel electrophoresis. Numerous protein species were observed in urea – acetic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis preparations.

Characterization of 9 Newly Bred Peanut Genotypes for Seed Fatty Acid Profiles Suitable for Biodiesel Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 1134-1137
Author(s):  
Qing Yun Zhang ◽  
Xiu Zhen Wang ◽  
Yue Yi Tang ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Quan Xi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Seed Fatty Acid ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acids

Nine newly bred peanut genotypes from our research group were analyzed for their seed fatty acid composition. Oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids were 3 major fatty acids in peanut seed oil, together constituting 89.65%-91.83% of total fatty acids in peanut seeds. Five of the peanut lines/cultivars tested had an oleate to linoleate ratio (O/L) of 19.11-31.37, and may be classified as high-oleic, providing good sources for biodiesel production. Of them, 12L48 is most promising due to its high productivity and saline tolerance.

Studies on the lipopolysaccharide of a virulent and an avirulent strain of Vibrio vulnificus

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bahrani ◽  
James D. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Pattern Characteristic

Vibrio vulnificus is a marine bacterium associated with both primary septicemias and wound infections in humans. The lipopolysaccharides of a virulent and an avirulent strain of Vibrio vulnificus were compared with respect to their chemical constituents and electrophoretic characteristics. 2-Keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, a normal constituent of the lipopolysaccharide of typical Enterobacteriaceae, was not found in the lipopolysaccharide of either strain. Hexadecenoate (C16:1) was the predominant fatty acid of the lipid A moiety of the lipopolysaccharides and of the membrane phospholipids of both strains. Hydroxy fatty acids composed 44% of the total fatty acids of the lipid A of the avirulent and 40% of those in the virulent strain. In addition, odd-numbered fatty acids were detected in both lipopolysaccharides. The electrophoretic profile was similar for both strains, but demonstrated no "ladder-like" pattern characteristic of "smooth" lipopolysaccharides. The result of this study showed no significant differences between the lipopolysaccharides of the virulent and avirulent strains of Vibrio vulnificus. The possible role for lipopolysaccharide in pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus infections is discussed.Key words: Vibrio, lipopolysaccharide, pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Biochemical Characterization of Coriander Cakes Obtained by Extrusion

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazia Sriti ◽  
Manel Neffati ◽  
Kamel Msaada ◽  
Thierry Talou ◽  
Brahim Marzouk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Petroselinic Acid ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Major Sterol ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acids

This study was designed to examine the effect of operating conditions such as nozzle diameter on fatty acid, sterol, and tocol composition of coriander cakes. Eight fatty acids were identified, with petroselinic acid accounting for 75–77% of the total fatty acids, followed by linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids, accounting for 12-13%, 5%, and 3%, respectively, of the total fatty acids.β-Sitosterol was the major sterol in all oils with 33–35% of total sterols. The next major sterols in all oils were stigmasterol (24% of total sterols) and Δ7-stigmasterol (15% of total sterols). Coriander cake contained higher amounts of total tocotrienol whereγ-tocotrienol was the main compound.

scholarly journals Synthesis of fatty acids from [1-14C]acetylcoenzyme A in subcellular particles of rat epididymal adipose tissue

1972 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kanoh ◽  
D. B. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Arachidic Acid ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
A Chain

1. Mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of rat epididymal adipose tissue incorporated [1-14C]acetyl-CoA equally well into various fatty acids by a chain-elongation mechanism. C18 and C20 fatty acids were the two major products, and comprised about 80% of the total fatty acids synthesized in both particles. 2. When incubated in air, mitochondria synthesized stearic acid, octadecenoic acid and eicosamonoenoic acid in almost equal amounts (about 20% each), whereas in microsomal fractions, the synthesis of octadecenoic acid was more than fivefold the stearic acid formation. In both fractions, major components of synthesized monoenoic fatty acids were the Δ11:12 isomers. Hexadecenoic acid and octadecenoic acid from whole adipose tissue contained approx. 11 and 14% of the Δ11:12 isomer respectively. 3. When mitochondria or microsomal fractions were incubated in nitrogen, there was increased synthesis of stearic acid and palmitic acid and less of C16 and C18 monoenoic acids; synthesis of C20 acids remained predominantly of the monoenoic acids. Determination of the position of the double bond in the monoenoic acids supported the view that the synthesis of hexadecenoic acid and octadecenoic acid involves a desaturase activity, whereas eicosamonoenoic acid and eicosadienoic acid are formed only by elongation of endogenous fatty acids. 4. Most of the radioactivity was found in free fatty acids (63%) and the phospholipid (26%) fraction. In phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were the two major components. 5. Most of the fatty acids synthesized, including those not normally found in particle lipids (arachidic acid, eicosamonoenoic acid and eicosadienoic acid) were distributed fairly evenly in the phospholipid and free fatty acid fractions. However, stearic acid was found predominantly in the phospholipid fraction.

scholarly journals Analysis of carboxylic acids of Crambe cordifolia Steven

Pharmacia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Svitlana Marchyshyn ◽  
Liudmyla Slobodianiuk ◽  
Liliia Budniak ◽  
Olha Skrynchuk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acids ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Plant Compounds

Crambe cordifolia Steven is a perennial herb and contains many biologically active substances, including amino acids, quercetin and glycosides of kaempferol. In continuation of the investigation of these plant compounds, it is advisable to study the qualitative composition and quantitative contents of carboxylic acids. Using a HPLC method the quantitative content of the following organic acids was identified and determined: pyruvic (40.66 mg/g), isocitric (12.88 mg/g), citric (8.71 mg/g), succinic (38.03 mg/g) and malic (0.75 mg/g). Among fatty acids the saturated and unsaturated acids were determined by the GC/MS method. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the total fatty acids was 56.97%, saturated – 38.53% and monounsaturated – 4.50%. Linolenic and palmitic acids dominated among the determined 7 fatty acids, their content was 9.68 mg/g (47.87%) and 4.88 mg/g (24.14%). The results of the study show that Crambe cordifolia Steven leaves is a source of carboxylic acids.

scholarly journals Location of fatty acids in lipid A obtained from lipopolysaccharide of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ATCC 17023.

1988 ◽  
Vol 263 (12) ◽  
pp. 5502-5504
Author(s):  
N Qureshi ◽  
J P Honovich ◽  
H Hara ◽  
R J Cotter ◽  
K Takayama
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Sphaeroides

scholarly journals Bicarbonate for microalgae cultivation: a case study in a chlorophyte, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis isolated from a Norwegian lake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikumi Umetani ◽  
Eshetu Janka ◽  
Michal Sposób ◽  
Chris J. Hulatt ◽  
Synne Kleiven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

AbstractBicarbonate was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for a green microalga, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis, isolated from Lake Norsjø in Norway. Photosynthesis, growth, and lipid production were studied using four inorganic carbon regimes: (1) aeration only, (2) 20 mM NaHCO3, (3) 5% (v/v) CO2 gas, and (4) combination of 20 mM NaHCO3 and 5% CO2. Variable chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis revealed that the bicarbonate treatment supported effective photosynthesis, while the CO2 treatment led to inefficient photosynthetic activity with a PSII maximum quantum yield as low as 0.31. Conversely, bicarbonate and CO2 treatments gave similar biomass and fatty acid production. The maximum growth rate, the final cell dry weight, and total fatty acids under the bicarbonate-only treatment were 0.33 (± 0.06) day−1, 673 (± 124) mg L−1 and 75 (± 5) mg g−1 dry biomass, respectively. The most abundant fatty acid components were α-linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids constituting 69% of the total fatty acids. The fatty acid profile eventuated in unsuitable biodiesel fuel properties such as high degree of unsaturation and low cetane number; however, it would be relevant for food and feed applications. We concluded that bicarbonate could give healthy growth and comparative product yields as CO2.

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