STIMULATION OF LIPOGENESIS IN BIOTIN-DEFICIENT CHICKS BY DIETARY MALONIC ACID

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 873-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Malonic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Biotin Deficiency ◽  
Stimulation Of

Experiments were conducted to examine possible mechanisms of dietary malonic acid stimulation of lipogenesis in biotin-deficient intact chicks. Both dietary fat and biotin deficiency reduced incorporation of acetate-14C into carcass fatty acids. Dietary malonic acid reduced acetate-14C incorporation into fatty acids by control chicks and did not restore incorporation to control levels in fat-fed and biotin-deficient chicks. The patterns of incorporation of succinate-14C and aspartate-14C were similar to the pattern of acetate-14C incorporation. Biotin deficiency did not reduce incorporation of orally administered malonate-14C into carcass fatty acids as compared with control incorporation. When unlabeled malonate was fed to biotin-deficient chicks, the percentage incorporation of malonate-14C into fatty acids was not reduced. The results suggest that dietary malonic acid is incorporated into carcass fatty acids in sufficient quantity to partially overcome inhibition of lipogenesis by biotin deficiency.

scholarly journals Lipoxygenase Inhibition by Plant Extracts

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Melita Lončarić ◽  
Ivica Strelec ◽  
Tihomir Moslavac ◽  
Drago Šubarić ◽  
Valentina Pavić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Food Properties ◽  
Lipoxygenase Inhibition ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Stimulation Of

Lipoxygenases are widespread enzymes that catalyze oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acid) to produce hydroperoxides. Lipoxygenase reactions can be desirable, but also lipoxygenases can react in undesirable ways. Most of the products of lipoxygenase reactions are aromatic compounds that can affect food properties, especially during long-term storage. Lipoxygenase action on unsaturated fatty acids could result in off-flavor/off-odor development, causing food spoilage. In addition, lipoxygenases are present in the human body and play an important role in stimulation of inflammatory reactions. Inflammation is linked to many diseases, such as cancer, stroke, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarized recent research on plant families and species that can inhibit lipoxygenase activity.

scholarly journals Stimulation of the Neutral Activity of Rabbit Liver Fructose 1,6-Diphosphatase by Fatty Acids

1972 ◽  
Vol 247 (9) ◽  
pp. 2969-2971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Baxter ◽  
Charles W. Carlson ◽  
Burton M. Pogell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rabbit Liver ◽  
Neutral Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals The regulation of glyceride synthesis in isolated white-fat cells. The effects of palmitate and lipolytic agents

1972 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D Saggerson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Glyceride Synthesis ◽  
Glucose Incorporation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. 0.5mm-Palmitate stimulated incorporation of [U-14C]glucose into glyceride glycerol and fatty acids in normal fat cells in a manner dependent upon the glucose concentration. 2. In the presence of insulin the incorporation of 5mm-glucose into glyceride fatty acids was increased by concentrations of palmitate, adrenaline and 6-N-2′-O-dibutyryladenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate up to 0.5mm, 0.5μm and 0.5mm respectively. Higher concentrations of these agents produced progressive decreases in the rate of glucose incorporation into fatty acids. 3. The effects of palmitate and lipolytic agents upon the measured parameters of glucose utilization were similar, suggesting that the effects of lipolytic agents are mediated through increased concentrations of free fatty acids. 4. In fat cells from 24h-starved rats, maximal stimulation of glucose incorporation into fatty acids was achieved with 0.25mm-palmitate. Higher concentrations of palmitate were inhibitory. In fat cells from 72h-starved rats, palmitate only stimulated glucose incorporation into fatty acids at high concentrations of palmitate (1mm and above). 5. The ability of fat cells to incorporate glucose into glyceride glycerol in the presence of palmitate decreased with increasing periods of starvation. 6. It is suggested that low concentrations of free fatty acids stimulate fatty acid synthesis from glucose by increasing the utilization of ATP and cytoplasmic NADH for esterification of these free fatty acids. When esterification of free fatty acids does not keep pace with their provision, inhibition of fatty acid synthesis occurs. Provision of free fatty acids far in excess of the esterification capacity of the cells leads to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and a secondary stimulation of fatty acid synthesis from glucose.

scholarly journals Supplemental Dietary Fat from Extruded Soybeans and Calcium Soaps of Fatty Acids for Lactating Dairy Cows

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Kook Kim ◽  
David J. Schingoethe ◽  
David P. Casper ◽  
Fenton C. Ludens
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Isotope tracer measures of meal fatty acid metabolism: reproducibility and effects of the menstrual cycle

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (3) ◽  
pp. E547-E555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paola Uranga ◽  
James Levine ◽  
Michael Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Lower Body

Oxidation and adipose tissue uptake of dietary fat can be measured by adding fatty acid tracers to meals. These studies were conducted to measure between-study variability of these types of experiments and assess whether dietary fatty acids are handled differently in the follicular vs. luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Healthy normal-weight men ( n = 12) and women ( n = 12) participated in these studies, which were block randomized to control for study order, isotope ([3H]triolein vs. [14C]triolein), and menstrual cycle. Energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry), meal fatty acid oxidation, and meal fatty acid uptake into upper body and lower body subcutaneous fat (biopsies) 24 h after the experimental meal were measured. A greater portion of meal fatty acids was stored in upper body subcutaneous adipose tissue (24 ± 2 vs. 16 ± 2%, P < 0.005) and lower body fat (12 ± 1 vs. 7 ± 1%, P < 0.005) in women than in men. Meal fatty acid oxidation (3H2O generation) was greater in men than in women (52 ± 3 vs. 45 ± 2%, P = 0.04). Leg adipose tissue uptake of meal fatty acids was 15 ± 2% in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and 10 ± 1% in the luteal phase ( P = NS). Variance in meal fatty acid uptake was somewhat ( P = NS) greater in women than in men, although menstrual cycle factors did not contribute significantly. We conclude that leg uptake of dietary fat is slightly more variable in women than in men, but that there are no major effects of menstrual cycle on meal fatty acid disposal.

Stimulation of steroidogenesis in cultured rat adrenocortical cells by unsaturated fatty acids

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. R1484-R1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Sarel ◽  
E. P. Widmaier
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Adrenocortical Cells ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids ◽  
Stimulation Of

The hypothesis that the stimulatory action of free fatty acids (FFA) in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis occurs in part at the adrenal cortex was evaluated. Pathophysiological concentrations of oleic and linoleic acids, but not stearic or caprylic acid, stimulated steroidogenesis from cultured rat adrenocortical cells (concentrations eliciting 50% of maximal responses, approximately 60 and 120 microM, respectively), with a latency of 90 min. Maximal stimulation of steroidogenesis by both acids was < 50% of that produced by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and was blocked by cycloheximide. The maximal steroidogenic response to ACTH was inhibited approximately 50% by oleic acid. The actions of oleic and linoleic acids were not associated with an increase in adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) secretion but appeared to require intracellular oxidation. None of the lipids influenced cell viability or corticosterone radioimmunoassay. The latency of the steroidogenic response, the putative requirement for intracellular oxidation, and the apparent lack of involvement of cAMP suggest a mechanism of action of FFA distinct from that of ACTH, yet still requiring protein synthesis. It is concluded that the modulation of steroidogenesis by these abundant naturally occurring lipids may be an important component of the control mechanisms within the HPA pathway in disorders of lipid homeostasis (e.g., obesity, starvation, or diabetes).

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