THE EFFECT OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC COLD EXPOSURE ON TISSUE LIPIDS IN THE RAT

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1427-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Therriault ◽  
R. H. Poe
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
In Situ Perfusion ◽  
Tissue Lipids ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

The liver and gastrocnemius muscles from rats undergoing acute and chronic cold exposure to 5 °C were totally excised after an in situ perfusion with isotonic saline. Total lipid was extracted from the tissue and the lipid classes separated by countercurrent distribution.There was no difference between the groups in the amount of phospholipid present in either liver or muscle. However, the neutral lipids of both tissues were decreased in the acclimated group. Though acute exposure caused a decrease in the neutral lipid levels of muscle, the liver levels remained unchanged. Only the free fatty acid levels in liver were affected by acute exposure, and these increased.The decrease in neutral lipid of muscle in the acutely exposed group suggests that there is an immediately available source of lipid in muscle in response to the stress of cold exposure.

scholarly journals The yeast lipin orthologue Pah1p is important for biogenesis of lipid droplets

2011 ◽  
Vol 192 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oludotun Adeyo ◽  
Patrick J. Horn ◽  
SungKyung Lee ◽  
Derk D. Binns ◽  
Anita Chandrahas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Glucose Medium ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Total Neutral Lipid ◽  
A Site

Lipins are phosphatidate phosphatases that generate diacylglycerol (DAG). In this study, we report that yeast lipin, Pah1p, controls the formation of cytosolic lipid droplets. Disruption of PAH1 resulted in a 63% decrease in droplet number, although total neutral lipid levels did not change. This was accompanied by an accumulation of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The droplet biogenesis defect was not a result of alterations in neutral lipid ratios. No droplets were visible in the absence of both PAH1 and steryl acyltransferases when grown in glucose medium, even though the strain produces as much triacylglycerol as wild type. The requirement of PAH1 for normal droplet formation can be bypassed by a knockout of DGK1. Nem1p, the activator of Pah1p, localizes to a single punctum per cell on the ER that is usually next to a droplet, suggesting that it is a site of droplet assembly. Overall, this study provides strong evidence that DAG generated by Pah1p is important for droplet biogenesis.

scholarly journals Application of Nile red, a fluorescent hydrophobic probe, for the detection of neutral lipid deposits in tissue sections: comparison with oil red O.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
S D Fowler ◽  
P Greenspan
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Nile Blue ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Aortic Atheroma ◽  
Tissue Lipids ◽  
Oil Red O ◽  
Nile Red Staining ◽  
Hydrophobic Probe

Nile red is a phenoxazone dye that fluoresces intensely, and in varying color, in organic solvents and hydrophobic lipids. However, the fluorescence is fully quenched in water. The dye acts, therefore, as a fluorescent hydrophobic probe. We utilized this novel property of nile red to develop a sensitive fluorescent histochemical stain for tissue lipids. Nile red was prepared by boiling Nile blue A under reflux for 2 hr in 0.5% H2SO4, and extracting the product into xylene. For staining, the purified dye is dissolved in 75% glycerol (1-5 micrograms/ml) and applied to frozen tissue sections. Tissue lipids then fluoresce yellow-gold to red, depending on their relative hydrophobicity. Using sections of liver and aorta from a cholesterol-fed rabbit, we assessed the value of Nile red as a stain for neutral lipids by comparing the staining pattern obtained with that produced by oil red O, a commonly used dye for tissue cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols. In the cholesterol fatty liver, Nile red staining was comparable to that of oil red O. In contrast, Nile red staining of rabbit aortic atheroma revealed ubiquitous lipid deposits not observed with oil red O staining. These latter results suggest that Nile red can detect neutral lipid deposits, presumably unesterified cholesterol, not usually seen with oil red O or other traditional fat stains.

scholarly journals Oleacein Intestinal Permeation and Metabolism in Rats Using an In Situ Perfusion Technique

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Anallely López-Yerena ◽  
Maria Pérez ◽  
Anna Vallverdú-Queralt ◽  
Eleftherios Miliarakis ◽  
Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
In Situ Perfusion ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Intestinal Permeation

Oleacein (OLEA) is one of the most important phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil in terms of concentration and health-promoting properties, yet there are insufficient data on its absorption and metabolism. Several non-human models have been developed to assess the intestinal permeability of drugs, among them, single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP), which is commonly used to investigate the trans-membrane transport of drugs in situ. In this study, the SPIP model and simultaneous luminal blood sampling were used to study the absorption and metabolism of OLEA in rats. Samples of intestinal fluid and mesenteric blood were taken at different times and the ileum segment was excised at the end of the experiment for analysis by LC–ESI–LTQ–Orbitrap–MS. OLEA was mostly metabolized by phase I reactions, undergoing hydrolysis and oxidation, and metabolite levels were much higher in the plasma than in the lumen. The large number of metabolites identified and their relatively high abundance indicates an important intestinal first-pass effect during absorption. According to the results, OLEA is well absorbed in the intestine, with an intestinal permeability similar to that of the highly permeable model compound naproxen. No significant differences were found in the percentage of absorbed OLEA and naproxen (48.98 ± 12.27% and 43.96 ± 7.58%, respectively).

The Suitability of an in Situ Perfusion Model for Permeability Determinations:  Utility for BCS Class I Biowaiver Requests

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 686-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Seung Kim ◽  
Stefanie Mitchell ◽  
Paul Kijek ◽  
Yasuhiro Tsume ◽  
John Hilfinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class I ◽  
In Situ Perfusion ◽  
Perfusion Model

EFFECT OF IN SITU PERFUSION OF DONOR LUNG ON THE SURVIVAL OF CANINE LUNG ALLOGRAFT

1972 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Iwahashi ◽  
Hiroshi Nagaya ◽  
Will C. Sealy
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Perfusion ◽  
Donor Lung

The entry of acidic amino acids into brain and CSF during development, using in situ perfusion in the rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hameed Al-Sarraf ◽  
Jane E. Preston ◽  
Malcolm B. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
In Situ Perfusion ◽  
Acidic Amino Acids
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