THE EFFECT OF DDT ON THE LIVER CARBOXYLESTERASE AND VITAMIN A UTILIZATION OF MOTHER RATS AND THEIR YOUNG

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila I. Read ◽  
T. K. Murray ◽  
W. P. McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Breeding Performance ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney

DDT (100 p.p.m.) was added to the diet of female rats that were then bred to males receiving the same diet. Liver carboxylesterase and liver and kidney vitamin A levels were measured in the dams and their young at parturition and at weaning.DDT did not have any adverse effect on the breeding performance of the adults or on the vitamin A stores of the newborn or weanling rats. Vitamin A stores of the dams were reduced by the pesticide. Liver carboxylesterase increased greatly between birth and weaning and remained almost constant thereafter. DDT caused a marked increase in liver carboxylesterase over and above that which occurred during growth.

UTILIZATION BY THE RAT OF LARGE LIVER RESERVES OR OF A SMALL DAILY INTAKE OF VITAMIN A

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1407-1413
Author(s):  
T. K. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Sufficient Vitamin

Weanling female rats were given a massive dose of vitamin A and thereafter fed a vitamin A free diet while similar rats were provided with the same diet plus a small daily intake of vitamin A for the entire period. Some of the rats from each group were bred to normal males. There were no differences in the growth rate, the number of young produced and weaned, nor in the weight of the young. Somewhat more vitamin A was transferred to the liver and kidney of the young by mothers with large liver stores but these differences had disappeared by weaning age. It was concluded that sufficient vitamin A could be given a rat at weaning to allow normal development and the production of at least one normal litter.

UTILIZATION BY THE RAT OF LARGE LIVER RESERVES OR OF A SMALL DAILY INTAKE OF VITAMIN A

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1407-1413
Author(s):  
T. K. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Sufficient Vitamin

Weanling female rats were given a massive dose of vitamin A and thereafter fed a vitamin A free diet while similar rats were provided with the same diet plus a small daily intake of vitamin A for the entire period. Some of the rats from each group were bred to normal males. There were no differences in the growth rate, the number of young produced and weaned, nor in the weight of the young. Somewhat more vitamin A was transferred to the liver and kidney of the young by mothers with large liver stores but these differences had disappeared by weaning age. It was concluded that sufficient vitamin A could be given a rat at weaning to allow normal development and the production of at least one normal litter.

THE EFFECT OF PARATHION ON RAT LIVER AND KIDNEY CARBOXYLESTERASES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1625-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila I. Read ◽  
W. P. McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Rats of different ages were fed a diet containing 10 p.p.m. parathion with or without vitamin A supplementation for various periods of time, and the effects on liver and kidney carboxylesterases were measured.Marked inhibition of carboxylesterases was observed shortly after the parathion diet was introduced. The degree of inhibition was not altered appreciably by continued feeding of the diet containing parathion. Young female rats showed some recovery of liver carboxylesterases on continued feeding of the parathion diet. After removal of vitamin A from the diet, the levels of liver carboxylesterases of male rats fed parathion increased appreciably.

scholarly journals Glutathione Conjugates of Ochratoxin a as Biomarkers of Exposure / Glutationski Konjugati Okratoksina A Kao Biomarkeri Izloženosti

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Tozlovanu ◽  
Delphine Canadas ◽  
Annie Pfohl-Leszkowicz ◽  
Christine Frenette ◽  
Robert J. Paugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Amide Bond ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dark Agouti ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney

AbstractIn the present study the photoreactivity of the fungal carcinogen ochratoxin A (OTA) has been utilised to generate authentic samples of reduced glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) conjugates of the parent toxin. These conjugates, along with the nontoxic OTα, which is generated through hydrolysis of the amide bond of OTA by carboxypeptidase A, were utilised as biomarkers to study the metabolism of OTA in the liver and kidney of male and female Dark Agouti rats. Male rats are more susceptible than female rats to OTA carcinogenesis with the kidney being the target organ. Our studies show that the distribution of OTA in male and female rat kidney is not significantly different. However, the extent of OTA metabolism was greater in male than female rats. Much higher levels of OTα were detected in the liver compared to the kidney, and formation of OTα is a detoxification pathway for OTA. These findings suggest that differences in metabolism between male and female rats could provide an explanation for the higher sensitivity of male rats to OTA toxicity

Toxicological evaluation of hydroethanol leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea (Linn.) Juss. (Amaranthaceae) in rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murtala Akanji Abdullahi ◽  
Elijah Oladapo Oyinloye ◽  
Akinyinka Alabi ◽  
Aderonke Adeyinka Aderinola ◽  
Luqman Opeyemi Ogunjimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Objectives Several studies have established the ethnobotanical benefits of Pupalia lappacea (PL) in laboratory animals without extensive toxicological evaluation of its safety profiles. Thus, an extensive toxicological investigation of sub-chronic oral administration of the hydroethanol leaf extract of P. lappacea in rodents was carried out in this study. Methods Different groups of rats were treated orally with the extract (10, 50 and 250 mg/kg) daily for 90 consecutive days. The control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg). After 90 days, some rats were left for additional 30 days without treatment for reversibility study. Blood and organs samples were collected for different evaluations at the end of study periods. Results The extract decreased the bodyweights, feeding and water intakes in female rats. PL increased the weights of the liver and kidney in male rats. PL increased the red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), triglycerides (TRIG), cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) contents in rats. PL (250 mg/kg) significantly reduced the sperm motility and serum testosterone level. Cyto-architectural distortions of the testes, liver and spleen were visible. Conclusions The findings showed that P. lappacea is relatively safe at lower doses but cautions should be taken at higher dose.

ANALYSIS OF MT2A AND MT3 GENE EXPRESSION IN RAT'S LIVER AND KIDNEY IN RESPONSE TO CADMIUM CHLORIDE POISONING

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
M. M. Ziatdinova ◽  
T. G. Yakupova ◽  
Ya. V. Valova ◽  
G. F. Mukhammadieva ◽  
D. O. Karimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Cadmium Poisoning ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Higher Doses

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of metallothionein genes in the liver and kidneys of rats with acute cadmium poisoning.Simulation of poisoning with cadmium chloride was carried out on white outbred female rats, divided into 4 groups depending on the dose of the injected toxicant. RNA samples isolated from rat liver and kidneys were used as research materials.The multiplicity of expression of the MT3 gene in the kidneys increased at the lowest dose of CdCl2 , which was used in this experiment (0.029 mg / kg); with increasing dosage, the expression level decreased, but not lower than the control values. Analysis of the expression of the same gene in the liver showed a tendency towards a decrease in the content of transcripts with increasing dose. The frequency of expression of the MT2A gene at higher doses of CdCl2 increased both in the liver and in the kidneys.In the present work, statistically significant dose-dependent changes in the expression multiplicity of metallothionein genes were detected 24 hours after CdCl2 administration. The revealed differences in the level of transcriptional activity of metallothionein genes require further investigation, since there are probably differences in the level of gene expression at earlier and later periods of toxicant action.

scholarly journals Evaluation of optimal conditions for arginase activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Erisir ◽  
E. Ercel ◽  
S. Yilmaz ◽  
S. Ozan
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Arginase Activity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Ph Profile ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
And Control ◽  
Assay Conditions

The assay conditions needed to achieve maximal activity of liver and kidney arginase in diabetic and non-diabetic rats were investigated and compared. The physicochemical and kinetic properties of liver arginase in diabetic and control rats were very similar, those of kidney arginase were significantly different. It was found that preincubation temperature (68&deg;C), preincubation period (20 min), optimum pH (10.1) of liver arginase and K<sub>m</sub> (3.2) for its substrate, L-arginine, did not change in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. As a consequence of diabetes, the optimum Mn<sup>2+</sup> concentration for liver arginase only changed from 1 to 2 mM. Although the preincubation temperature and period for activation of kidney arginase in control rats was unnecessary, they were found to be 56&ordm;C and 12 min in diabetic rats. The pH profile of arginase in kidney of diabetic rats was different from that of control rats. The K<sub>m</sub> value (6.7) of arginase for L-arginine in kidney is unchanged in diabetes whereas a marked decrease in V<sub>max</sub> was found. Optimum Mn<sup>2+</sup> concentration (2 mM) for kidney arginase was unchanged in diabetes. The activity of arginase in liver of diabetic animals was higher 1.5 to 1.7 times than that of controls. Diabetes caused an about 53% decrease of arginase activity in kidney of female rats, 26% in that of males. These findings may suggest an idea that encoded arginases by separate gene loci may be affected differently by the pathological and hormonal status.

scholarly journals Different mechanisms of regulation of nuclear reduced nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent 3-oxo steroid 5α-reductase activity in rat liver, kidney and prostate

1974 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Åke Gustafsson ◽  
Åke Pousette
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Hydroxy Steroid

The regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of the nuclear NADPH-dependent 3-ketosteroid 5α-reductase (5α-reductase) activity were studied in liver, kidney and prostate. The substrate used was [1,2-3H]androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (androstenedione) (for liver and kidney) or [4-14C]androstenedione (for prostate). The hepatic nuclear 5α-reductase activity was greater in female than in male rats, was greater in adult than in prepubertal female rats, increased after castration of male rats, but was not affected by treatment with testosterone propionate or oestradiol benzoate. These regulatory characteristics are in part different from those previously described for the hepatic microsomal 5α-reductase. The renal nuclear metabolism of androstenedione, i.e. 5α reduction and 17β-hydroxy steroid reduction, was relatively unaffected by sex, age, castration and treatment with testosterone propionate. However, treatment of castrated male rats with oestradiol benzoate led to a significant increase in the 5α-reductase activity and a significant decrease in the 17β-hydroxy steroid reductase activity. Finally, the nuclear 5α-reductase activity in prostate was androgen-dependent, decreasing after castration and increasing after treatment with testosterone propionate. In conclusion, the nuclear 5α-reductase activities in liver, kidney and prostate seem to be under the control of distinctly different regulatory mechanisms. The hypothesis is presented that whereas the prostatic nuclear 5α-reductase participates in the formation of a physiologically active androgen, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, this may not be the true function of the nuclear 5α-reductase in liver and kidney. These enzymes might rather serve to protect the androgen target sites in the chromatin from active androgens (e.g. testosterone) by transforming them into less active androgens (e.g. 5α-androstane-3,17-dione and/or 5α-dihydrotestosterone).

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