IMMEDIATE HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF ISOPROTERENOL

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1949-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Beznák ◽  
P. Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Histological Damage

Subcutaneous injection of 40 mg/kg isoproterenol is followed within 2 minutes by a fall in blood pressure and peripheral resistance, by tachycardia, and by an increase in cardiac output. It seems likely that these hemodynamic changes are a consequence of a direct action of isoproterenol on the myocardium. Isoproterenol also causes a significant increase in the oxygen consumption of the rats. The increased oxygen demand of the tissues may play a role in maintaining the hemodynamic changes for periods of more than an hour after isoproterenol. Signs of histological damage in the myocardium begin to appear without affecting the function of the cardiovascular system, as measured by the tests used.

IMMEDIATE HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF ISOPROTERENOL

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1949-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Beznák ◽  
P. Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Histological Damage

Subcutaneous injection of 40 mg/kg isoproterenol is followed within 2 minutes by a fall in blood pressure and peripheral resistance, by tachycardia, and by an increase in cardiac output. It seems likely that these hemodynamic changes are a consequence of a direct action of isoproterenol on the myocardium. Isoproterenol also causes a significant increase in the oxygen consumption of the rats. The increased oxygen demand of the tissues may play a role in maintaining the hemodynamic changes for periods of more than an hour after isoproterenol. Signs of histological damage in the myocardium begin to appear without affecting the function of the cardiovascular system, as measured by the tests used.

Mechanism of Action of Norepinephrine in Hemorrhagic Shock

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Lansing ◽  
J. A. F. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Norepinephrine Infusion

Twenty-nine dogs were subjected to a standardized hemorrhagic shock procedure, and various indices were measured in the succeeding 24 hours. During this period, 15 animals received intravenous l-norepinephrine, 0.2– 1.0 µg/kg/min. beginning immediately after the shock procedure. The survival rate of the control animals was 2/14, and of the treated 6/15. Norepinephrine infusion sustained the arterial pressure of the treated animals, not by increasing the peripheral resistance, but rather by maintaining the cardiac output. Since the decline in effective circulating plasma volume that occurred in the first 8 hours after the shock procedure was not prevented by norepinephrine, it is concluded that, in these doses, norepinephrine may exert its beneficial effect by a direct action on the heart. The increased oxygen consumption after the shock procedure in the norepinephrine-treated animals may have been due to a direct effect of the drug on metabolism.

scholarly journals See red? Turn pale? Unveiling Emotions through Cardiovascular and Hemodynamic Changes

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Montoya ◽  
J. Javier Campos ◽  
Rainer Schandry
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Impedance Cardiography ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes

Cardiodynamic and hemodynamic reactions to emotion-eliciting film sequences were investigated. Thirty-two healthy subjects (12 women, 20 men) were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In the first group, anger was induced using selected scenes of the film “Ragtime.” In the second group, scenes of the film “The Shining” were chosen to elicit fear. A documentary film was used as a baseline stimulus in both groups. EKG, impedance cardiography, and blood pressure were continuously monitored. The two emotional conditions elicited significant differential changes in subjective ratings and cardiovascular indices. Fear was associated with decreased cardiac output, increased total peripheral resistance, and a reduction in stroke volume and myocardial contractility. Anger was associated with an increase of cardiac output and small changes in total peripheral resistance. These results support the hypothesis that discrete emotions such as fear and anger elicit differential patterns of physiological responses.

Hemodynamic effects of eledoisin, kallidin II, and bradykinin in unanesthetized dogs

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Olmsted ◽  
Irvine H. Page
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects ◽  
Tetraethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Short Acting

The hemodynamic effects of bradykinin, kallidin II, and eledoisin were compared in unrestrained dogs. Bradykinin and kallidin II were found to be short-acting depressors that increased cardiac output and decreased peripheral resistance. The effects of eledoisin were similar with 10 to 20 times less dosage. With increasing dosage, cardiac output was greatly reduced rather than raised and reduction of arterial pressure was prolonged. Eledoisin given intravenously lowered the blood pressure elevated by angiotensin. Its depressor effects were potentiated by tetraethylammonium chloride.

Hemodynamic Effects of "San-Huang-Hsieh-Hsin-Tang" in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho-Chan Chen ◽  
Ming-Tsuen Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects ◽  
Cardiac Contractile ◽  
The Ancient Chinese

The ancient Chinese formula of "San-Huang-Hsieh-Hsin-Tang" (S-T) was originally used for patients with "epigastric fullness, flushing, restlessness, constipation and a hard pulse" (Chang 115 B.C.). All these symptoms are frequently observed in patients with essential hypertension. We assessed the antihypertensive and hemodynamic effects of this formula, and found that S-T decreased blood pressure, total peripheral resistance, heart rate and cardiac contractile force. S-T had no apparent effects on cardiac output and blood volume.

Cardiovascular response to graded exercise in the sympathectomized-vagotomized dog

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmundo Ashkar ◽  
William F. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Oxygen Difference

Seven dogs who ran well on a motor-driven treadmill were completely sympathectomized (including adrenal denervation) and subjected to unilateral vagotomy below the recurrent laryngeal branch. After recovery and retraining, a terminal experiment was performed in which, after completing the vagotomy, direct Fick determinations of cardiac output and continuous recordings of mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and oxygen consumption were made at rest and during increasing exercise The results were compared with those described by Barger et al. ( Am. J. Physiol. 184: 613, 1956) for normal dogs running at smaller speeds and grades. The heart rate of the operated dogs increased from 117 to 134. Barger's normal dogs doubled their heart rate. The A-V oxygen difference increased with work slightly less than Barger's normal dogs but the scatter in both groups was wide, as was the case with the stroke volume. The resting cardiac output was nearly normal in the operated dogs but increased only 34% with exercise, as against 200–300% in Barger's normals. Oxygen consumption increased about twofold as against the expected normal of three- to sevenfold. Peripheral resistance in both groups went down about 40%. The blood pressure in the normal increased substantially while that in the operated dogs fell about 20% to an average of 60 mm Hg.

Control of Blood Pressure and the Distribution of Blood Flow

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans T. Versmold
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Adrenergic Innervation ◽  
Systemic Blood ◽  
Low Cardiac Output ◽  
Neurohumoral Control ◽  
The Brain

Systemic blood pressure (BP) is the product of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance. Cardiac output is controlled by the heart rate, myocardial contractility, preload, and afterload. Vascular resistance (vascular hindrance × viscosity) is under local autoregulation and general neurohumoral control through sympathetic adrenergic innervation and circulating catecholamines. Sympathetic innovation predominates in organs receivingflowin excess of their metabolic demands (skin, splanchnic organs, kidney), while innervation is poor and autoregulation predominates in the brain and heart. The distribution of blood flow depends on the relative resistances of the organ circulations. During stress (hypoxia, low cardiac output), a raise in adrenergic tone and in circulating catecholamines leads to preferential vasoconstriction in highly innervated organs, so that blood flow is directed to the brain and heart. Catecholamines also control the levels of the vasoconstrictors renin, angiotensin II, and vasopressin. These general principles also apply to the neonate.

scholarly journals Elevated Blood Pressure in Adolescence Is Attributable to a Combination of Elevated Cardiac Output and Total Peripheral Resistance

Hypertension ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1103-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Park ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Laura D. Howe ◽  
Siana Jones ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood

Long-term hemodynamic actions of atrial natriuretic factor (99-126) in conscious sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (4) ◽  
pp. H811-H815 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Parkes ◽  
J. P. Coghlan ◽  
J. G. McDougall ◽  
B. A. Scoggins
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of long-term (5 day) infusion of human atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) were examined in conscious chronically instrumented sheep. Infusion of ANF at 20 micrograms/h, a rate below the threshold for an acute natriuretic effect, decreased blood pressure by 9 +/- 1 mmHg on day 5, associated with a fall in calculated total peripheral resistance. On day 1, ANF reduced cardiac output, stroke volume, and blood volume, effects that were associated with an increase in heart rate and calculated total peripheral resistance and a small decrease in blood pressure. On days 4 and 5 there was a small increase in urine volume and sodium excretion. On day 5 an increase in water intake and body weight was observed. No change was seen in plasma concentrations of renin, arginine vasopressin, glucose, adrenocorticotropic hormone, or protein. This study suggests that the short-term hypotensive effect of ANF results from a reduction in cardiac output associated with a fall in both stroke volume and effective blood volume. However, after 5 days of infusion, ANF lowers blood pressure via a reduction in total peripheral resistance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document