INFLUENCE OF INGESTED CASEIN HYDROLYZATE ON THE HIGH ENERGY NUCLEOTIDE CONTENT OF WORKING MUSCLE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1531-1536
Author(s):  
J. M. Afar ◽  
V. A. Rogozkin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phosphate Ester ◽  
Casein Hydrolyzate

The results of experiments carried out on albino rats show that administration, during periods of continued muscular activity, of casein hydrolyzate, a mixture of amino acids, or phosphoric acid salts, favors the maintenance of a higher than normal level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (CP) and a corresponding decrease in the level of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in the muscles.It appears from this study that just as carbohydrate is known to have a protein-sparing action, so amino acids have been found to have a sparing action in the metabolism of carbohydrate and phosphate ester in the animal even under conditions of intense physical exercise at low temperatures.

INFLUENCE OF INGESTED CASEIN HYDROLYZATE ON THE HIGH ENERGY NUCLEOTIDE CONTENT OF WORKING MUSCLE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1531-1536
Author(s):  
J. M. Afar ◽  
V. A. Rogozkin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phosphate Ester ◽  
Casein Hydrolyzate

The results of experiments carried out on albino rats show that administration, during periods of continued muscular activity, of casein hydrolyzate, a mixture of amino acids, or phosphoric acid salts, favors the maintenance of a higher than normal level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (CP) and a corresponding decrease in the level of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in the muscles.It appears from this study that just as carbohydrate is known to have a protein-sparing action, so amino acids have been found to have a sparing action in the metabolism of carbohydrate and phosphate ester in the animal even under conditions of intense physical exercise at low temperatures.

PHOSPHORYLATION COUPLED TO THE OXIDATION OF SULFITE AND 2-MERCAPTOETHANOL IN EXTRACTS OF THIOBACILLUS THIOPARUS

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 873-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Davis ◽  
E. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Phosphate ◽  
Thiobacillus Thioparus ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Endogenous Level ◽  
Sulfite Oxidation

The effect of 10−4 M 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) on the production of high energy phosphate bonds during sulfite and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) oxidation by cell extracts of Thiobacillus thioparus was determined. Phosphorylation was measured indirectly by14CO2fixation and directly by32PO4esterification. DNP-sensitive phosphorylation was demonstrated by coupling sulfite oxidation with the concomitant phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to14CO2fixation beginning with ribose-5-phosphate. Esterification of32PO4was measured at pH values of 6.4, 7.2, and 8.0 with AMP and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as the phosphate acceptor and sulfite as the electron donor. The optimal pH for the greatest DNP-sensitive phosphorylation was 7.2 with AMP. DNP at 10−4 M significantly reduced32PO4esterification at all pH values tested and with the three ADP concentrations employed. Maximum DNP-sensitive phosphorylation of ADP was demonstrated with 5 μmoles of ADP at pH 7.2. The maximum P:O ratio was 0.13. With 2-ME as the nonphysiological electron donor and AMP as the phosphate acceptor, no phosphorylation above the endogenous level was measured at the three pH values tested. With ADP as the phosphate acceptor and 2-ME as the electron donor,32PO4esterification significantly above the endogenous level was demonstrated at pH 6.4 with 5 μmoles of ADP; this phosphorylation was sensitive to 10−4 M DNP.

THE INFLUENCE OF SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES, MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS, AND ANTIHYPERTENSIVES UPON THE ENERGY METABOLISM IN THE RAT HEART

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Hilliard ◽  
W. T. Oliver ◽  
G. R. Van Petten
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors ◽  
Sympathomimetic Amines ◽  
Cardiac Energy Metabolism

This investigation was undertaken to determine the effects of three classes of catecholamine-releasing drugs on cardiac energy metabolism. The levels of adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), inorganic phosphate (IP), and phosphocreatine (CP) of the rat heart were measured. The sympathomimetic amines tyramine, ephedrine, methylamphetamine, and (+)- and (−)-amphetamine caused significant decreases in CP. Tyramine and (+)- and (−)-amphetamine also significantly depressed ATP. Of the antihypertensive drugs investigated, bretylium and guanethidine decreased the amount of CP present, and the latter compound also significantly decreased ATP. The administration of reserpine was without significant effect on cardiac high-energy phosphate levels. Among the monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tranylcypromine significantly lowered ATP and CP, whereas pheniprazine produced no significant changes. This study showed that those drugs which have been reported to release cardiac catecholamines also reduced cardiac levels of CP and ATP. The hypothesis is advanced that this effect is due to increased utilization of energy by two mechanisms: (a) stimulation of the active recapture mechanism for adrenergic neurotransmitters, and (b) the positive inotropic and chronotropic responses of the heart to the drug-released catecholamines. In either case, the observed decreases in the levels of ATP and CP in the heart are effects of sympathomimetic amines which have been heretofore unreported.

Temporal profile and significance of metabolic failure and trophic changes in the canine cerebral arteries during chronic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage

1993 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhei Yoshimoto ◽  
Phyo Kim ◽  
Tomio Sasaki ◽  
Kintomo Takakura
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Phosphates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Temporal Profile

✓ To investigate the pathogenetic significance of metabolic failure observed in spastic cerebral arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), the temporal profile of alterations in the arterial content of high-energy phosphates was studied. A canine model of double hemorrhage was used. Constriction of the basilar artery was measured angiographically on Days 3, 5, 7, and 14 after SAH in separate groups of animals. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), guanosine triphosphate (GTP), guanosine diphosphate, creatine phosphate (CrP), and creatine (Cr) levels in the arteries were assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. A time-dependent development of angiographic spasm was confirmed. A mild vasospasm was seen in the group studied 3 days after SAH, progressed in the Day 5 group, remained comparably severe in the Day 7 group, and resolved partially in the Day 14 group. The content of high-energy phosphates (ATP, GTP, and CrP) declined rapidly over the course of the study, and a significant reduction in ATP, GTP, and CrP was observed in the Day 3 group. Levels of ATP and CrP decreased further in the Day 5 and 7 groups. The decrement in GTP was completed in the early phase; a significant reduction took place in the Day 3 group, with no progression thereafter and no recovery though Day 14. Total adenylate (ATP + ADP + AMP) and total creatine (Cr + CrP) content diminished markedly over the course of the study. These results indicate that metabolic failure and trophic disturbance in the cerebral artery occurs with a rapid onset following SAH and progresses in close association with the development of vasospasm, suggesting a significant causal relationship with the pathogenesis.

High-energy phosphate levels in the cerebral artery during chronic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage

1992 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyo Kim ◽  
James D. Jones ◽  
Thoralf M. Sundt
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Phosphate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chronic Vasospasm

✓ High-energy phosphate levels were measured in the canine cerebral artery during chronic vasospasm. Subarachnoid hemorrhage and vasospasm were induced by percutaneous injections of autologous venous blood into the cisterna magna. Narrowing of the artery was confirmed by angiography 7 days later. Levels of adenosine phosphates (adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)), guanosine phosphates (guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and guanosine diphosphate (GDP)), and creatine phosphate (CrP) in the basilar artery were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The total creatine (Crtotal) content was measured by a spectrophotometric method after acid hydrolysis of CrP. Levels of ATP, GTP, and CrP were markedly reduced in the spastic arteries, and ratios of ATP:ADP, GTP:GDP, and CrP:Crtotal were significantly decreased. The results indicate a serious disturbance in the energy metabolism that takes place in the cerebral artery during chronic vasospasm.

Regional cortical metabolism in focal ischemia

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 755-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Ratcheson ◽  
James A. Ferrendelli
Keyword(s):  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Focal Ischemia ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
High Energy Phosphates ◽  
Cerebral Vessel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Glucose Levels

✓ Regional cortical levels of organic phosphates and carbohydrates were measured in cat brains, enzymatically inactivated by the technique of “funnel freezing” 1 hour after occlusion of a middle cerebral artery (MCA). Significant metabolic alterations occurred in all hemispheres ipsilateral to the site of occlusion. However, there was marked interindividual variability, with changes ranging from only slight increases in lactate, pyruvate, and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in small regions of cortex at one extreme, to profound depletion of high-energy phosphates, depression of glucose and pyruvate levels, and increased lactate, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and AMP levels in much of the hemisphere of the most severely involved animals. In contrast, metabolic changes in the hemisphere contralateral to the site of occlusion were very few or nonexistent. In addition, in all ipsilateral hemispheres there were regions peripheral to the areas of greatest metabolic alteration where there was excessive elevation of glucose levels. The results demonstrate that occlusion of a major cerebral vessel does not produce metabolic changes that are consistent in their distribution or severity. However, the findings of this study probably depict some of the complicated metabolic events that occur clinically during thrombotic or embolic infarction of brain.

Harvesting the Light

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Phosphate Ester ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Reduced Forms ◽  
Subsequent Regeneration

Products of reactions are separated from reactants by a barrier or barriers. if this were not so we could not have any reactants—everything would already be products! In order for the grapevine to grow beyond the materials provided in the seed, the rootstock, or the cutting, it is necessary for the reactants obtained from the environment (i.e., nutrients in the soil and air) to be converted to plant material. The energy for this conversion comes from the sun, and it is the chloroplasts that take the light and, using the aforementioned materials, convert it to useful energy in the plant. So, overall, for processes to occur within the plant, a high energy species must be formed and then used. Subsequent regeneration of the high energy species can use more sunlight. The currency of energy is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). When it is used, it is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and in that conversion (or those conversions as more than one can be used to accomplish the same end) the barrier between reactant and product can be overcome (Figure 10.1). Additionally, for moving electrons and protons around where simple solvation (the use of—and interactions with—solvents) will not work, a cofactor (a “factor” that needs to be present in addition to an enzyme to enable the catalyzed reaction to occur) is often needed. These movements of electrons and protons are simply oxidations and reductions (see Appendix 1), and it is common to find oxidation and reduction being effected by using, as cofactors, either the oxidized or reduced forms of the phosphate ester of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADP+) to/ from (NADPH) and/ or the related conversion of the oxidized/ reduced forms of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)/ (FADH2) (Figure 10.2). A cartoon representation of the chloroplast wall, with the stroma (the colorless fluid filling the chloroplast through which materials move) shown on the top and the lumen of the thylakoid body (where the light- dependent photochemistry occurs) on the bottom is provided in Figure 10.3. The working agents in the membrane are shown.

scholarly journals Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Hydrolysis of Adenosine Monophosphate Disodium Salt (AMPNa2) in Acidic and Alkaline Media

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 544-556
Author(s):  
Yoke-Leng Sim ◽  
Beljit Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Disodium Salt ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Phosphate Ester ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

AbstractPhosphate ester hydrolysis is essential in signal transduction, energy storage and production, information storage and DNA repair. In this investigation, hydrolysis of adenosine monophosphate disodium salt (AMPNa2) was carried out in acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions of pH ranging between 0.30-12.71 at 60°C. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically. The rate ranged between (1.20 ± 0.10) × 10-7 s-1 to (4.44 ± 0.05) × 10-6 s-1 at [NaOH] from 0.0008 M to 1.00M recorded a second-order base-catalyzed rate constant, kOH as 4.32 × 10-6 M-1 s-1. In acidic conditions, the rate ranged between (1.32 ± 0.06) × 10-7 s-1 to (1.67 ± 0.10) × 10-6 s-1 at [HCl] from 0.01 M to 1.00 M. Second-order acid-catalyzed rate constant, kH obtained was 1.62 × 10-6 M-1 s-1. Rate of reaction for neutral region, k0 was obtained from graphical method to be 10-7 s-1. Mechanisms were proposed to involve P-O bond cleavage in basic medium while competition between P-O bond and N-glycosidic cleavage was observed in acidic medium. In conclusion, this study has provided comprehensive information on the kinetic parameters and mechanism of cleavage of AMPNa2 which mimicked natural AMP cleavage and the action of enzymes that facilitate its cleavage.

scholarly journals Association between alterations in plasma metabolome profiles and laminitis in intensively finished Holstein bulls in a randomized controlled study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Christiane Bäßler ◽  
Ákos Kenéz ◽  
Theresa Scheu ◽  
Christian Koch ◽  
Ulrich Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Holstein Bulls

AbstractMetabolic consequences of an energy and protein rich diet can compromise metabolic health of cattle by promoting a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Laminitis is a common clinical sign, but affected metabolic pathways, underlying pathophysiology and causative relationships of a systemic pro-inflammatory phenotype are unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate changes in metabolome profiles of 20 months old Holstein bulls fed a high energy and protein diet and to identify novel metabolites and affected pathways, associated with diet-related laminitis. In a randomized controlled feeding trial using bulls fed a high energy and protein diet (HEP; metabolizable energy [ME] intake 169.0 ± 1.4 MJ/day; crude protein [CP] intake 2.3 ± 0.02 kg/day; calculated means ± SEM; n = 15) versus a low energy and protein diet (LEP; ME intake 92.9 ± 1.3 MJ/day; CP intake 1.0 ± 0.01 kg/day; n = 15), wide ranging effects of HEP diet on metabolism were demonstrated with a targeted metabolomics approach using the AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit (Biocrates Life Sciences). Multivariate statistics revealed that lower concentrations of phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins and higher concentrations of lyso-phosphatidylcholines, branched chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids were associated with an inflammatory state of diet-related laminitis in Holstein bulls fed a HEP diet. The latter two metabolites share similarities with changes in metabolism of obese humans, indicating a conserved pathophysiological role. The observed alterations in the metabolome provide further explanation on the underlying metabolic consequences of excessive dietary nutrient intake.

Selective sensing of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) over adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and inorganic phosphates with zinc(II)-dipicolylamine-containing gold nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Reinke ◽  
Marcus Koch ◽  
Christine Müller-Renno ◽  
Stefan Kubik
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Triethylene Glycol ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Mixed Monolayer ◽  
Inorganic Phosphates

Mixed monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles containing surface-bound triethylene glycol and dipicolylamine groups aggregated in water/methanol, 1:2 (v/v) in the presence of nucleotides, if the solution also contained zinc(II) nitrate to convert...

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