PURIFICATION OF THE GAMMA GLOBULIN CHARACTERISTIC OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1811-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine F. C. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Deae Column

Experiments are described which have led to the standardization of a procedure for the purification of the γc globulin characteristic of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The procedure involves the stepwise elution of three chromatographic fractions from a DEAE column by TRIS–HCl buffers at pH 8.5. The composition of the fractions will vary with the relative concentration of the γc globulin in the CSF applied to the column. From an average CSF pool the first fraction, F1, eluted by 0.002 M TRIS–HCl will usually contain only the γc globulin. The second fraction F2, eluted by 0.02 M TRIS-HCl, will contain a mixture of the γc, γs, and βc globulins. The third fraction F3, eluted by 0.08 M TRIS–HCl, will contain chiefly γs globulin as well as traces of the γc and βc globulins. Most of the γc globulin from pooled CSF may then be obtained in purified form by rechromatographing the F2's from several runs. Almost all of the γc globulin applied will be found in F1. The γs and βc globulins will be eluted in the other two fractions.

PURIFICATION OF THE GAMMA GLOBULIN CHARACTERISTIC OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1811-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine F. C. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Deae Column

Experiments are described which have led to the standardization of a procedure for the purification of the γc globulin characteristic of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The procedure involves the stepwise elution of three chromatographic fractions from a DEAE column by TRIS–HCl buffers at pH 8.5. The composition of the fractions will vary with the relative concentration of the γc globulin in the CSF applied to the column. From an average CSF pool the first fraction, F1, eluted by 0.002 M TRIS–HCl will usually contain only the γc globulin. The second fraction F2, eluted by 0.02 M TRIS-HCl, will contain a mixture of the γc, γs, and βc globulins. The third fraction F3, eluted by 0.08 M TRIS–HCl, will contain chiefly γs globulin as well as traces of the γc and βc globulins. Most of the γc globulin from pooled CSF may then be obtained in purified form by rechromatographing the F2's from several runs. Almost all of the γc globulin applied will be found in F1. The γs and βc globulins will be eluted in the other two fractions.

scholarly journals ENSEFALITIS ANTIRESEPTOR NMDA: ENSEFALITIS DENGAN GEJALA AWAL PSIKOSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riwanti Estiasari ◽  
Darma Imran ◽  
Kartika Maharani ◽  
David Pangeran ◽  
Fitri Octaviana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Psychiatric Symptom ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Receptor Antibody ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nmda Receptor Encephalitis ◽  
Cognitive Disturbance

     ANTI-NMDA RECEPTOR ENCEPHALITIS: ENCEPHALITIS PRESENTING WITH EARLY PSYCHOSIS SYMPTOMSABSTRACTAnti N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is seldom found in Indonesia. The atypical initial presentation of psychosis and cognitive disturbance results in underdiagnosed, or even undiagnosed case. This report described a 12-year-old girl presenting with initial psychiatric symptom followed by seizure and oropharyngeal dystonia. Anti-NMDA receptor antibody test carried out on both serum and  cerebrospinal  fluid (CSF) were positive and  no other pathogen was detected in the CSF. Clinical improvement was seen following the third day of methylprednisolone administration. This case demonstrates the importance of considering anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis or the other autoimmune encephalitis as the differential of infective encephalitis. Anti-NMDA receptor antibody test, which can already be performed in Indonesia, will greatly guide to the definitive diagnosis.Keywords: Encephalitis, NMDA, oropharyngeal dystonia, psychiatricABSTRAKEnsefalitis antireseptor N-metil-D-aspartat (NMDA) masih jarang ditemukan di Indonesia. Gejala awal yang tidak khas berupa psikosis dan gangguan kognitif menyebabkan keterlambatan diagnosis, atau bahkan tidak terdiagnosis, ensefalitis jenis ini. Berikut dilaporkan kasus seorang perempuan 12 tahun dengan gejala awal berupa gejala psikiatrik yang diikuti dengan kejang dan munculnya distonia orofaring. Pemeriksaan antibodi antireseptor NMDA pada serum dan cairan serebrospinal (CSS) positif dan tidak ditemukan patogen lain pada pemerikaan CSS. Perbaikan klinis terlihat setelah pemberian metilprednisolon selama 3 hari. Kasus ini memperlihatkan pentingnya mempertimbangkan diagnosis ensefalitis antireseptor NMDA atau ensefalitis autoimun lainnya sebagai diagnosis banding pada kasus ensefalitis infeksi. Oleh karena itu, pemeriksaan antibodi antireseptor NMDA yang telah dapat dilakukan di Indonesia akan sangat membantu proses penegakan diagnosis.Kata kunci: Distonia orofaring, ensefalitis, NMDA, psikiatrik

THE INFLUENCE OF THE CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ON THE SECRETION OF STEROIDS, INCLUDING ALDOSTERONE, FROM THE ADRENAL CORTEX

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Norman
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Fluid Mixtures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

ABSTRACT Two artificial cerebrospinal fluid mixtures, one having a higher than normal sodium, but lower than normal potassium content, the other having a lower than normal sodium, but higher than normal potassium content, were perfused alternately through the cerebral ventricular system of seven dogs, from the right lateral ventricle and down through the third ventricle, aqueduct and fourth ventricle. During this procedure blood was collected through the adrenal vein and the concentration of cortisol (11β, 17,12-trihydroxy-pregn-4-eme-3,20-dione), cortisone (17,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,11.20-trione), corticosterone (11β,21-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene3,20-dione). compound S (11-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-pregn-4-en-18-al) and aldosterone (11β.21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-pregn-4-en-18-al) determined. A gradual and marked increase in the secretion of all the cortical compounds was observed during the procedure. This pattern was not altered by changing from one of the artificial cerebrospinal fluid mixtures to the other.

Further evidence implicating prostaglandin E2 in the genesis of pyrogen fever

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (3) ◽  
pp. R463-R469 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Coceani ◽  
J. Lees ◽  
I. Bishai
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pg E2

Conscious cats were used to study the effects of endotoxin and interleukin 1 (IL 1) on levels of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and thromboxane (TX) B2 (the stable TXA2 byproduct) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the third ventricle. Pyrogens were given intravenously or intraventricularly and prostanoids were measured by radioimmunoassay. PGE2 was normally less abundant than TXB2 (mean, 37 vs. 528 pg/ml), and its level increased severalfold during the sustained fever following intravenous endotoxin (bolus) or IL 1 (bolus plus infusion). PGE2 elevation preceded the fever and was maintained thereafter. Likewise, intraventricular pyrogens promoted PGE2 formation, and their effect was also manifest during the latent period of the fever. The PGE2 metabolite, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2, was not measurable in CSF from either afebrile or febrile animals. Basal content of PGE2, on the other hand, was higher in animals pretreated with probenecid (30 mg/kg ip or iv; 50 or 100 micrograms ivt), confirming the importance of transport processes in removing prostanoids from brain. Unlike PGE2, TXB2 levels did not change during the fever to intravenous endotoxin. TXB2 rose instead in response to intraventricular endotoxin, although the elevation did not extend beyond fever uprise. Furthermore, a TXA2 analog (ONO-11113;2 or 4 micrograms ivt) had inconsistent effects on body temperature, while a TXA2 antagonist (ONO-11120;2 micrograms ivt) did not interfere with endotoxin fever. These findings strongly support a causative role for PGE2 in the onset and progression of pyrogen fever. No evidence of a similar role was obtained for TXA2.

scholarly journals Neurotoxoplasmosis and aids cerebrospinal, fluid analysis in 96 patients: estudo do líquido cefalorraqueano em 96 pacientes

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Machado ◽  
J. A. Livramento ◽  
A. Spina -França
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Pattern

The behavior of CSF inflammatory pattern in patients with AIDS and/or toxoplasmosis of the CNS is studied in 176 patients, divided in three groups. In the first group, 96 patients with toxoplasmosis and AIDS are considered; in the second group, 50 patients with toxoplasmosis without AIDS; in the third group, 30 AIDS patients without toxoplasmosis nor any other opportunistic infection. It is possible to conclude that patients with toxoplasmosis associated to AIDS exhibit CSF inflammatory pattern similar to patients with neurotoxoplasmosis without AIDS, except in respect to gamma globulin rates for which a cumulative effect can be detected.

scholarly journals Solar polarimetry in the K I D2 line : A novel possibility for a stratospheric balloon

2018 ◽  
Vol 610 ◽  
pp. A79 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Quintero Noda ◽  
G. L. Villanueva ◽  
Y. Katsukawa ◽  
S. K. Solanki ◽  
D. Orozco Suárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stratospheric Balloon ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Solar Polarimetry ◽  
First Time

Of the two solar lines, K I D1 and D2, almost all attention so far has been devoted to the D1 line, as D2 is severely affected by an O2 atmospheric band. This, however, makes the latter appealing for balloon and space observations from above (most of) the Earth’s atmosphere. We estimate the residual effect of the O2 band on the K I D2 line at altitudes typical for stratospheric balloons. Our aim is to study the feasibility of observing the 770 nm window. Specifically, this paper serves as a preparation for the third flight of the Sunrise balloon-borne observatory. The results indicate that the absorption by O2 is still present, albeit much weaker, at the expected balloon altitude. We applied the obtained O2 transmittance to K I D2 synthetic polarimetric spectra and found that in the absence of line-of-sight motions, the residual O2 has a negligible effect on the K I D2 line. On the other hand, for Doppler-shifted K I D2 data, the residual O2 might alter the shape of the Stokes profiles. However, the residual O2 absorption is sufficiently weak at stratospheric levels that it can be divided out if appropriate measurements are made, something that is impossible at ground level. Therefore, for the first time with Sunrise III, we will be able to perform polarimetric observations of the K I D2 line and, consequently, we will have improved access to the thermodynamics and magnetic properties of the upper photosphere from observations of the K I lines.

scholarly journals Hydrolysis of αs2-casein in solution by chymosin, plasmin, trypsin and Lactobacillus-proteinases

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Anne Pihlanto-Leppälä ◽  
Eero Pahkala ◽  
Minna Kahala ◽  
Veijo Antila
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cell Free Extract ◽  
Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The aim of this study was to examine the enzymic hydrolysis of αs2-casein by isolating and identifying the released peptides. The enzymes applied in the study were chymosin, plasmin and trypsin as well as cell free extracts from three strains of Lactobacillus helveticus and nine strains of L. casei. The findings showed that chymosin had weak proteolytic activity on αs2-casein. Plasmin, on the other hand, released numerous peptides under the used conditions. The majority of the identified fragments were released from the C terminal end of the substrate. Plasmin hydrolysed mainly Lys-X bonds. The third enzyme, trypsin, hydrolysed several bonds of αs2-casein. Peptides were released from almost all regions of the protein. Trypsin acted on the carboxyl sides of arginyl and lysyl residues. Cell free extract of lactobacilli had little activity on αs2-casein.

scholarly journals On the Contextual Conditions Driving a Difficulty Factor

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Karl Schweizer ◽  
Siegbert Reiß
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Contextual Condition ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Correlated Factors

This paper reports three simulation studies conducted to identify the contextual conditions leading to the observation of a difficulty factor in confirmatory factor analysis. The data of each study were generated to show one underlying source of responding only whereas the difficulties of the simulated items constituting the contextual condition were varied. The first study showed that a broad range of difficulties of items was insufficient for driving a difficulty factor. The second study revealed that very large and small difficulties of the same size could lead to a difficulty factor if the confirmatory factor model included two correlated factors. In the third study a subgroup of simulated items showed very large difficulties of the same size while the difficulties of the other simulated item were varied. In this study almost all combinations of difficulties led to the observation of a difficulty factor that was correlated or uncorrelated with the genuine factor.

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

Retroaktive Neuverhandlung

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin Feige
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Relationship

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage historischer Folgeverhältnisse in der Kunst. Gegenüber dem Gedanken, dass es ein ursprüngliches Werk in der Reihe von Werken gibt, das späteren Werken seinen Sinn gibt, schlägt der Text vor, das Verhältnis umgekehrt zu denken: Im Lichte späterer Werke wird der Sinn früherer Werke neu ausgehandelt. Dazu geht der Text in drei Schritten vor. Im ersten Teil formuliert er unter der Überschrift ›Form‹ in kritischer Abgrenzung zu Danto und Eco mit Adorno den Gedanken, dass Kunstwerke eigensinnig konstituierte Gegenstände sind. Die im Gedanken der Neuverhandlung früherer Werke im Lichte späterer Werke vorausgesetzte Unbestimmtheit des Sinns von Kunstwerken wird im zweiten Teil unter dem Schlagwort ›Zeitlichkeit‹ anhand des Paradigmas der Improvisation erörtert. Der dritte und letzte Teil wendet diese improvisatorische Logik unter dem Label ›Neuaushandlung‹ dann dezidiert auf das Verhältnis von Vorbild und Nachbild an. The article proposes a new understanding of historical succession in the realm of art. In contrast to the idea that there is an original work in the series of works that gives meaning to the works that come later, the text proposes to think it exactly the other way round: in the light of later works, the meanings of earlier works are renegotiated. The text proceeds in three steps to develop this idea. Under the heading ›Form‹ it develops in the first part a critical reading of Danto’s and Eco’s notion of the constitution of the artworks and argues with Adorno that each powerful work develops its own language. In the second part, the vagueness of the meaning of works of art presupposed in the idea of renegotiating earlier works in the light of later works is discussed under the term ›Temporality‹ in terms of the logic of improvisation. The third and final part uses this improvisational logic under the label ›Renegotiation‹ to understand the relationship between model and afterimage in the realm of art.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document