LIPID PEROXIDATION IN DEVELOPING RAT BRAIN

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1231-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Pritchard ◽  
H. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Fatty Acid Peroxidation ◽  
Developing Rat ◽  
The Brain

The experimental results indicate that the production of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) positive material, apparently derived for the most part from polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation, decreases with maturation of rat brain. It appears that during maturation some factor or process is gradually introduced into, or generated within, the brain which retards the tendency of unsaturates to undergo oxidation in situ. This process is possibly related to the maintenance of stability in adult brain.

scholarly journals Inhibition of sterol but not fatty acid synthesis by valproate in developing rat brain in vivo

1990 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Bolaños ◽  
J M Medina ◽  
D H Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Sterol Synthesis ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Developing Rat ◽  
The Brain

The effect of administration of valproate on lipogenesis in the developing rat brain in vivo was studied. Valproate inhibited by 21-38% the rate of 3H2O incorporation into brain sterols, without significantly affecting fatty acid synthesis. Similarly, R-[2-14C]mevalonate incorporation into sterols was inhibited by 33-54%; the low rate of fatty acid synthesis under these conditions was not affected by valproate. Plasma ketone bodies decreased after treatment with valproate. Valproate inhibited (about 50%) both sterol and fatty acid synthesis in livers of weanling rats. It is concluded that valproate can specifically inhibit sterol synthesis in the brain during development, in part at a stage after mevalonate formation, and also by decreased exogenous precursor supply.

A high n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet reduces muscarinic M2/M4 receptor binding in the rat brain

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Marie du Bois ◽  
Warren Bell ◽  
Chao Deng ◽  
Xu-Feng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Acid Diet

Expression of the mRNAs for the Kv3.1 potassium channel gene in the adult and developing rat brain

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 756-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Perney ◽  
J. Marshall ◽  
K. A. Martin ◽  
S. Hockfield ◽  
L. K. Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Rnase Protection ◽  
Hybridization Histochemistry ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
In Situ Hybridization Histochemistry ◽  
Adult Rat Brain ◽  
Developing Rat

1. The gene for a mammalian Shaw K+ channel has recently been cloned and has been shown, by alternative splicing, to give rise to two different transcripts, Kv3.1 alpha and Kv3.1 beta. To determine whether these channels are associated with specific types of neurons and to determine whether or not the alternately spliced K+ channel variants are differentially expressed, we used ribonuclease (RNase) protection assays and in situ hybridization histochemistry to localize the specific subsets of neurons containing Kv3.1 alpha and Kv3.1 beta mRNAs in the adult and developing rat brain. 2. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed a heterogeneous expression pattern of Kv3.1 alpha mRNA in the adult rat brain. Highest Kv3.1 alpha mRNA levels were expressed in the cerebellum. High levels of hybridization were also detected in the globus pallidus, subthalamus, and substantia nigra reticulata. Many thalamic nuclei, but in particular the reticular thalamic nucleus, hybridized well to Kv3.1 alpha-specific probes. A subpopulation of cells in the cortex and hippocampus, which by their distribution and number may represent interneurons, were also found to contain high levels of Kv3.1 alpha mRNA. In the brain stem, many nuclei, including the inferior colliculus and the cochlear and vestibular nuclei, also express Kv3.1 alpha mRNA. Low or undetectable levels of Kv3.1 alpha mRNA were found in the caudate-putamen, olfactory tubercle, amygdala, and hypothalamus. 3. Kv3.1 beta mRNA was also detected in the adult rat brain by both RNase protection assays and by in situ hybridization experiments. Although the beta splice variant is expressed at lower levels than the alpha species, the overall expression pattern for both mRNAs is similar, indicating that both splice variants co-expressed in the same neurons. 4. The expression of Kv3.1 alpha and Kv3.1 beta transcripts was examined throughout development. Kv3.1 alpha mRNA is detected as early as embryonic day 17 and then increases gradually until approximately postnatal day 10, when there is a large increase in the amount of Kv3.1 alpha mRNA. Interestingly, the expression of Kv3.1 beta mRNA only increases gradually during the developmental time frame examined. Densitometric measurements indicated that Kv3.1 alpha is the predominant splice variant found in neurons of the adult brain, whereas Kv3.1 beta appears to be the predominant species in embryonic and perinatal neurons. 5. Most of the neurons that express the Kv3.1 transcripts have been characterized electrophysiologically to have narrow action potentials and display high-frequency firing rates with little or no spike adaptation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Stem cell application in neurorehabilitation

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Sebastian Jessberger ◽  
Armin Curt ◽  
Roger A. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

A number of diseases of the brain and spinal cord are associated with substantial neural cell death and/or disruption of correct and functional neural networks. In the past, a variety of therapeutic strategies to rescue these systems have been proposed along with agents to induce functional plasticity within the remaining central nervous system (CNS) structures. In the case of injury or neurodegenerative disease these approaches have only met with limited success, indicating the need for novel approaches to treat diseases of the adult CNS. Recently, the idea of recruiting endogenous or transplanting stem cells to replace lost structures within the adult brain or spinal cord has gained significant attention, along with in situ reprogramming, and opened up novel therapeutic avenues in the context of regenerative medicine. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of how endogenous stem cells may be a part of pathological processes in certain neuropsychiatric diseases and summarize recent clinical and preclinical data suggesting that stem cell-based therapies hold great promise as a future treatment option in a number of diseases disrupting the proper function of the adult CNS.

scholarly journals Synthesis of transthyretin (pre-albumin) mRNA in choroid plexus epithelial cells, localized by in situ hybridization in rat brain.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 949-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Stauder ◽  
P W Dickson ◽  
A R Aldred ◽  
G Schreiber ◽  
F A Mendelsohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Albumin Mrna ◽  
Choroid Plexus Epithelial

The sites of synthesis of transthyretin in the brain were investigated using in situ hybridization with [35S]-labeled recombinant cDNA probes specific for transthyretin mRNA. Autoradiography of hybridized coronal sections of rat brain revealed specific cellular localization of transthyretin mRNA in choroid plexus epithelial cells of the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles. Transferrin mRNA was also investigated and, in contrast to transthyretin mRNA, was localized mainly in the lateral ventricles. Our results indicate that substantial synthesis of transthyretin and transferrin mRNA may occur in the choroid plexus.

scholarly journals (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Deficiency Reduces the Expression of Both Isoforms of the Brain Glucose Transporter GLUT1 in Rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 135 (9) ◽  
pp. 2241-2246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Pifferi ◽  
Françoise Roux ◽  
Bénédicte Langelier ◽  
Jean-Marc Alessandri ◽  
Sylvie Vancassel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Brain Glucose ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Glucose Transporter Glut1 ◽  
Transporter Glut1

The chemistry of lipid alkoxyl radicals and their role in metal-amplified lipid peroxidation

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Marnett ◽  
Allan L. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Steady State Concentration ◽  
State Concentration ◽  
Fatty Acid Hydroperoxides

Reaction of polyunsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides with metal complexes generates lipid alkoxyl radicals and metal-oxo complexes. Lipid alkoxyl radicals are presumed to be the species responsible for metal-amplified lipid peroxidation because of the chemical analogy of simple organic alkoxyl radicals to the hydroxyl radical. However, polyunsaturated fatty acid alkoxyl radicals exhibit a rich and diverse chemistry that is dominated by intramolecular cyclization to epoxyallylic radicals. Studies described herein demonstrate that the equilibrium between cyclization and ring-opening of epoxyallylic radicals lies overwhelmingly toward cyclization. Thus lipid alkoxyl radicals have a steady-state concentration that is so low that their contribution to metal-amplified lipid peroxidation is insignificant. In fact, the species responsible for metal amplification of lipid peroxidation appears to be the epoxyperoxyl radical formed by coupling the epoxyallylic radical to molecular oxygen.

scholarly journals Expression of the Cystathionine β Synthase (CBS) Gene During Mouse Development and Immunolocalization in Adult Brain

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Robert ◽  
François Vialard ◽  
Eric Thiery ◽  
Kiyoko Toyama ◽  
Pierre-Marie Sinet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Northern Blotting ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Brain Expression ◽  
Neuronal Processes ◽  
The Brain

Hyperhomocysteinemia, caused by a lack of cystathionine β synthase (CBS), leads to elevated plasma concentrations of homocysteine. This is a common risk factor for atherosclerosis, stroke, and possibly neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms that link hyperhomocysteinemia due to CBS deficiency to these diseases are still unknown. Early biochemical studies describe developmental and adult patterns of transsulfuration and CBS expression in a variety of species. However, there is incomplete knowledge about the regional and cellular expression pattern of CBS, notably in the brain. To complete the previous data, we used in situ hybridization and Northern blotting to characterize the spatial and temporal patterns of Cbs gene expression during mouse development. In the early stages of development, the Cbs gene was expressed only in the liver and in the skeletal, cardiac, and nervous systems. The expression declined in the nervous system in the late embryonic stages, whereas it increased in the brain after birth, peaking during cerebellar development. In the adult brain, expression was strongest in the Purkinje cell layer and in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that the CBS protein was localized in most areas of the brain but predominantly in the cell bodies and neuronal processes of Purkinje cells and Ammon's horn neurons.

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