A STUDY ON THE LIBERATION OF SUGARS, HEXURONIC ACID, AND HEXOSAMINE FROM BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Haab ◽  
P. A. Anastassiadis
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Dilute Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Hydrolytic Cleavage ◽  
Hexuronic Acid ◽  
Polystyrene Resin ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Sulphonated polystyrene resin suspended in dilute hydrochloric acid and 4 N hydrochloric acid were compared with respect to (a) efficiency as catalysts of hydrolytic cleavage of mucopolysaccharides and (b) rates of destruction of sugars, glucuronic acid, and glucosamine. Mannose, galactose, and glucose were not subject to serious destruction when heated with the resin suspension over a period that was sufficient to effect hydrolysis of mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins. All these sugars were subject to serious destruction when heated with 4 N hydrochloric acid for a period sufficient to effect hydrolysis of mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins. Under similar conditions, pentoses were destroyed more rapidly than hexoses but ribose withstood heating with the resin suspension for several hours. Heparin was found to be more resistant to hydrolysis than chondroitin sulphate or hyaluronic acid.

LIBERATION OF HEXOSAMINE, HEXURONIC ACID, AND HYDROXYPROLINE FROM TISSUES BY RESIN HYDROLYSIS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Anastassiadis ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Hexuronic Acid ◽  
Polystyrene Resin ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Separation Of Sugars

Excess sulphonated polystyrene resin (Dowex-50, 200–400 mesh) suspended in 0.05 N hydrochloric acid has been found suitable as a catalyst for the hydrolysis of tissue samples preparatory to the determination of hexosamine, hexuronic acid, and hydroxyproline. This technique protected hexuronic acid from destruction during hydrolysis sufficiently well to permit of its determination. The resin used in hydrolysis has been used also for separation of sugars and hexuronic acid from hexosamine and hydroxyproline by differential elution.

LIBERATION OF HEXOSAMINE, HEXURONIC ACID, AND HYDROXYPROLINE FROM TISSUES BY RESIN HYDROLYSIS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Anastassiadis ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Hexuronic Acid ◽  
Polystyrene Resin ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Separation Of Sugars

Excess sulphonated polystyrene resin (Dowex-50, 200–400 mesh) suspended in 0.05 N hydrochloric acid has been found suitable as a catalyst for the hydrolysis of tissue samples preparatory to the determination of hexosamine, hexuronic acid, and hydroxyproline. This technique protected hexuronic acid from destruction during hydrolysis sufficiently well to permit of its determination. The resin used in hydrolysis has been used also for separation of sugars and hexuronic acid from hexosamine and hydroxyproline by differential elution.

Studies on the lignin of Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell. VII. The acid hydrolysis of ethanyol lignin-A

1953 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
JWT Merewether
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Dilute Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Eucalyptus Regnans ◽  
Ethoxyl Group ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Ethanol lignin-A from the ethanolysis of Eucalyptus regnans P. Muell. has been hydrolysed with dilute hydrochloric acid with the object of ascertaining whether the combined ethoxyl is present as an acetal or as ether. Hydrolysis with 12 per cent. hydrochloric acid was found to split off one ethoxyl group, while hydrolysis with 20 per cent. acid brought about complete de-ethylation. The de-ethylated ethanol lignin-A contained one carbonyl group less and two hydroxyl groups more than the original ethanol lignin-A. These results lend no support to the hypothesis that alcohol lignins are acetals, and favour the theory that the combined alkoxyl is probably present as ether.

scholarly journals Comparison of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Polysaccharides from Eggshells Membranes

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Ürgeová ◽  
Katarína Vulganová
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Osteoarthritis Treatment ◽  
Neural Tissues ◽  
Eggshell Membranes ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
And Cartilage

Abstract AHyaluronic acid (HA) is part of the extracellular matrix of connective, epithelial and neural tissues, as well as the synovial fluid, skin, and cartilage. It is composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine. Hyaluronic acid is used in abdominal surgery, ophthalmology, dermatology, rhinology; it is usable for the osteoarthritis treatment. The membranes of eggshell are a natural source of hyaluronic acid, collagen, glycosaminoglycan and collagenous proteins. In paper, we tested the possibility of extraction hyaluronic acid from the eggshell membranes by enzymatic hydrolysis. We identified optimal conditions of hydrolysis with trypsin at reaction temperature of 37 °C and pH 8; with pepsin at 40 °C and pH 3, as well as with papain at 60 °C and pH 7.5. The content of hyaluronic acid in samples was determined spectrophotometrically using the carbazole method. The experimental results showed a yield of ~ 4 -4.5 % hyaluronic acid per 1 g of dry eggshell membranes.

4-Chloropyridine-3-sulfonic acid

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. o1490-o1491
Author(s):  
Xin-Biao Mao ◽  
Tie-Han Li ◽  
Chun-An Ma ◽  
Qing-Bao Song
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Dilute Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The title compound, C5H4ClNO3S, was obtained by hydrolysis of 4-chloropyridine-3-sulfonamide in dilute hydrochloric acid. In the crystal structure, one-dimensional chains are formed via N—H...O hydrogen bonds. In addition, weak C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds link these chains into a two-dimensional network

THE STRUCTURE OF RHYNCOPHYLLINE

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1102-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Seaton ◽  
Léo Marion
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Dilute Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Lithium Aluminum Hydride ◽  
Aluminum Hydride ◽  
Aldehyde Group ◽  
Lithium Aluminum ◽  
Total Structure ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

It is shown that hydrolysis of rhyncophylline with dilute hydrochloric acid gives rhyncophyllal (C19H24O2N2), which contains an aldehyde group but no longer contains the methoxyl, the isolated double bond, and the carbomethoxy group originally present in the alkaloid. Rhyncophyllal is reduced by sodium borohydride to the corresponding alcohol, rhyncophyllal, and this is further reduced by lithium aluminum hydride to dihydrodesoxy-rhyncophyllal (C19H28ON2), which shows the properties of an aromatic amine. Reduction of rhyncophyllal by the Wolff-Kishner reaction gives rhyncophyllane (C19H26ON2), which, when dehydrogenated over palladium–charcoal, yields 3,4-diethylpyridine. Direct dehydrogenation of rhyncophyllal produces β-collidine. On the basis of these as well as previously described results a total structure for rhyncophylline is derived.

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