EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONE AND GONADOTROPHIN INJECTIONS ON THE SEX ORGAN DEVELOPMENT OF ZINC-DEFICIENT MALE RATS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1457-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Millar ◽  
P. V. Elcoate ◽  
M. J. Fischer ◽  
C. A. Mawson
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Tubular Atrophy ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Accessory Sex Organs ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Zinc-deficient rats, receiving a diet low in zinc (0.5 μg zinc/g), were injected subcutaneously with testosterone propionate or gonadotrophins for periods of 13 to 28 days.The hormone injections in every case caused marked growth of accessory sex organs of zinc-deficient rats. The zinc concentrations of the large hormone-stimulated dorsolateral prostate glands were very low and similar to those of glands in untreated zinc-deficient rats. Testosterone propionate did not alter the testicular atrophy which had occurred before treatment. Gonadotrophin increased the rate of growth and possibly the rate of maturation of testes that were immature prior to treatment. When the testes had matured and were producing sperm before treatment, the tubular atrophy that is typical of zinc deficiency developed in spite of the injected gonadotrophins.Testicular atrophy in zinc-deficient rats is probably due specifically to an inadequate supply of zinc to the testis. The availability of sufficient zinc for incorporation of high concentrations into sperm seems to be essential for the maintenance of spermatogenesis and the survival of the germinal epithelium. On the other hand, the reduction in rate of growth and development of immature testes and of all accessory sex organs in zinc-deficient rats is due mainly to an inhibition of pituitary gonadotrophin output.

EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONE AND GONADOTROPHIN INJECTIONS ON THE SEX ORGAN DEVELOPMENT OF ZINC-DEFICIENT MALE RATS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1457-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Millar ◽  
P. V. Elcoate ◽  
M. J. Fischer ◽  
C. A. Mawson
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Tubular Atrophy ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Accessory Sex Organs ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Zinc-deficient rats, receiving a diet low in zinc (0.5 μg zinc/g), were injected subcutaneously with testosterone propionate or gonadotrophins for periods of 13 to 28 days.The hormone injections in every case caused marked growth of accessory sex organs of zinc-deficient rats. The zinc concentrations of the large hormone-stimulated dorsolateral prostate glands were very low and similar to those of glands in untreated zinc-deficient rats. Testosterone propionate did not alter the testicular atrophy which had occurred before treatment. Gonadotrophin increased the rate of growth and possibly the rate of maturation of testes that were immature prior to treatment. When the testes had matured and were producing sperm before treatment, the tubular atrophy that is typical of zinc deficiency developed in spite of the injected gonadotrophins.Testicular atrophy in zinc-deficient rats is probably due specifically to an inadequate supply of zinc to the testis. The availability of sufficient zinc for incorporation of high concentrations into sperm seems to be essential for the maintenance of spermatogenesis and the survival of the germinal epithelium. On the other hand, the reduction in rate of growth and development of immature testes and of all accessory sex organs in zinc-deficient rats is due mainly to an inhibition of pituitary gonadotrophin output.

THE EFFECTS OF ANDROGENIZATION IN MALE RATS CASTRATED AT BIRTH

1966 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. MORRISON ◽  
D. C. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Androgen Treatment ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Accessory Sex Organs ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Excessive Secretion

SUMMARY Male rats were castrated on the day of birth and 5 days later half were given 2·5 mg. testosterone propionate (TP) subcutaneously (androgenization). When 30 days old, single animals were treated with graded doses of TP for 10 days. At the same time 57 males were united in parabiosis with normal intact males, and treated for 10 days with androgen. Androgenization resulted in increased sensitivity of the accessory sex organs to subsequent treatment with TP. Also, the excessive secretion of gonadotrophin by the castrated animals, as measured by androgen production in intact parabiotic partners, was more effectively inhibited by TP in androgenized than in non-androgenized males. The results are consistent with the interpretation that early androgen treatment sensitizes both the male target organs and the hypothalamo-hypophysial system to androgen.

THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY ZINC DEFICIENCY ON THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MALE RATS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Millar ◽  
M. I. Fischer ◽  
P. V. Elcoate ◽  
C. A. Mawson
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Pituitary Glands

Dietary zinc deficiency produced by feeding a zinc-poor diet (0.5 μg. zinc per g.) to weanling rats for 8 weeks caused marked retardation in body growth, depressed growth and development of testes, epididymes, accessory sex organs, and pituitary glands, and in many cases severe atrophy of testicular germinal epithelium. The zinc concentration of dorsolateral prostates, testes, epididymes, and bone was reduced in zinc-deficient rats compared with controls receiving the zinc-poor diet plus 100 μg. zinc daily. Restricted feeding of the zinc-supplemented diet to produce body weights comparable to those in zinc-deficient rats caused a reduction in pituitary gland and accessory sex organ size which was similar to that observed in zinc-deficient rats. Testis growth and development were normal in the restricted controls and did not differ from controls fed ad libitum. The zinc concentration of dorsolateral prostates was reduced in restricted controls but exceeded that in the zinc-deficient rats. All the observed changes produced by zinc deficiency except the testicular atrophy were reversed when zinc was replaced in the diet. If testicular atrophy had occurred, neither testis nor epididymis regained normal size, function, or zinc concentration.

THE EFFECT OF 2-BROMO-α-ERGOCRYPTINE (CB154) ADMINISTRATION ON THE HORMONE LEVELS, ORGAN WEIGHTS, PROSTATIC MORPHOLOGY AND ZINC CONCENTRATIONS IN THE MALE RAT

1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Harper ◽  
V. Danutra ◽  
J. A. Chandler ◽  
K. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Prostatic Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Adenyl Cyclase Activity ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACT 2-Bromo-α-ergocryptine (CB154) administration to male rats produced a significant decrease in plasma prolactin levels without changing the LH and testosterone concentrations. The weights of the accessory sex tissues, testes, adrenals and kidney were unaltered by the treatment. Zinc concentration and distribution in the cell organelles of the prostatic tissue was markedly changed by CB154 treatment. No changes in the uptake of testosterone in vivo occurred in the treated animals. Prolactin did not consistently influence the prostatic adenyl cyclase activity in vitro and only at high concentrations was the testosterone uptake in vitro with cultures of prostatic tissue increased.

THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY ZINC DEFICIENCY ON THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MALE RATS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 557-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Millar ◽  
M. I. Fischer ◽  
P. V. Elcoate ◽  
C. A. Mawson
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Pituitary Glands

Dietary zinc deficiency produced by feeding a zinc-poor diet (0.5 μg. zinc per g.) to weanling rats for 8 weeks caused marked retardation in body growth, depressed growth and development of testes, epididymes, accessory sex organs, and pituitary glands, and in many cases severe atrophy of testicular germinal epithelium. The zinc concentration of dorsolateral prostates, testes, epididymes, and bone was reduced in zinc-deficient rats compared with controls receiving the zinc-poor diet plus 100 μg. zinc daily. Restricted feeding of the zinc-supplemented diet to produce body weights comparable to those in zinc-deficient rats caused a reduction in pituitary gland and accessory sex organ size which was similar to that observed in zinc-deficient rats. Testis growth and development were normal in the restricted controls and did not differ from controls fed ad libitum. The zinc concentration of dorsolateral prostates was reduced in restricted controls but exceeded that in the zinc-deficient rats. All the observed changes produced by zinc deficiency except the testicular atrophy were reversed when zinc was replaced in the diet. If testicular atrophy had occurred, neither testis nor epididymis regained normal size, function, or zinc concentration.

EFFECTS OF THE ANDROGEN ANTAGONIST CYPROTERONE ACETATE ON THE TESTICULAR STRUCTURE, SPERMATOGENESIS AND ACCESSORY SEXUAL GLANDS OF TESTOSTERONE-TREATED ADULT HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. NEUMANN ◽  
R. von BERSWORDT-WALLRABE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cyproterone Acetate ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Testicular Weight

SUMMARY The antagonistic action of 1,2α-methylene-6-chloro-Δ4,6-pregnadiene-17α-ol-3,20-dione-17α-acetate (cyproterone acetate) to testosterone propionate (TP) on the testes and accessory glands was investigated in hypophysectomized adult male rats. Treatment of the animals began on the day of hypophysectomy and was continued for 21 days. Daily subcutaneous injections of 0·3 or 1·5 mg. TP/100 g. body weight almost completely inhibited testicular atrophy and involution of the germinal epithelium. Simultaneous administration of 0·3 mg. oestradiol/100 g. body weight did not influence the effect of testosterone propionate. Cyproterone acetate inhibited the effect of testosterone propionate. The extent of inhibition was dose dependent. The antagonism to testosterone was manifested by reduction of testicular weight and by the inhibition of spermiogenesis. The latest stages of spermiogenesis were primarily influenced. Intratesticular cyproterone acetate together with subcutaneous administration of TP caused similar effects in the testes to those of subcutaneous administration. However, regression of the germinal epithelium in the injected testis seemed to be more pronounced than in the contralateral testis. The effects of TP on the accessory sex glands (prostate, seminal vesicles) were inhibited by simultaneous administration of cyproterone acetate. It is concluded that cyproterone acetate competitively inhibits the action of testosterone propionate on the target organs.

scholarly journals Metals in Calluna vulgaris, Empetrum nigrum, Festuca vivipara and Thymus praecox ssp. arcticus in the geothermal areas of Iceland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Rajsz ◽  
Bronisław Wojtuń ◽  
Aleksandra Samecka-Cymerman ◽  
Paweł Wąsowicz ◽  
Lucyna Mróz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extreme Situation ◽  
Empetrum Nigrum ◽  
Geothermal Activity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Festuca Vivipara

AbstractThis investigation was conducted to identify the content of metals in Calluna vulgaris (family Ericaceae), Empetrum nigrum (family Ericaceae), Festuca vivipara (family Poaceae) and Thymus praecox subsp. arcticus (family Lamiaceae), as well as in the soils where they were growing in eight geothermal heathlands in Iceland. Investigation into the vegetation of geothermal areas is crucial and may contribute to their proper protection in the future and bring more understanding under what conditions the plants respond to an ecologically more extreme situation. Plants from geothermally active sites were enriched with metals as compared to the same species from non-geothermal control sites (at an average from about 150 m from geothermal activity). The enriched metals consisted of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe and Ni in C. vulgaris; Cd, Mn and Ti in E. nigrum; Hg and Pb in F. vivipara; and Cd, Fe and Hg in T. praecox. Notably, C. vulgaris, E. nigrum, F. vivipara and T. praecox had remarkably high concentrations of Ti at levels typical of toxicity thresholds. Cd and Pb (except for C. vulgaris and F. vivipara) were not accumulated in the shoots of geothermal plants. C. vulgaris from geothermal and control sites was characterised by the highest bioaccumulation factor (BF) of Ti and Mn; E. nigrum and F. vivipara by the highest BF of Ti and Cr; and T. praecox by the highest BF of Ti and Zn compared to the other elements. In comparison with the other examined species, F. vivipara from geothermal sites had the highest concentration of Ti in above-ground parts at any concentration of plant-available Ti in soil.

scholarly journals A Screen for Genes That Function in Abscisic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 1247-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Nambara ◽  
Masaharu Suzuki ◽  
Suzanne Abrams ◽  
Donald R McCarty ◽  
Yuji Kamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Abscisic Acid Signaling ◽  
Aba Insensitive

Abstract The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) controls many aspects of plant growth and development under a diverse range of environmental conditions. To identify genes functioning in ABA signaling, we have carried out a screen for mutants that takes advantage of the ability of wild-type Arabidopsis seeds to respond to (−)-(R)-ABA, an enantiomer of the natural (+)-(S)-ABA. The premise of the screen was to identify mutations that preferentially alter their germination response in the presence of one stereoisomer vs. the other. Twenty-six mutants were identified and genetic analysis on 23 lines defines two new loci, designated CHOTTO1 and CHOTTO2, and a collection of new mutant alleles of the ABA-insensitive genes, ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. The abi5 alleles are less sensitive to (+)-ABA than to (−)-ABA. In contrast, the abi3 alleles exhibit a variety of differences in response to the ABA isomers. Genetic and molecular analysis of these alleles suggests that the ABI3 transcription factor may perceive multiple ABA signals.

Removal of trace contaminants using molecularly imprinted polymers

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Le Noir ◽  
B. Guieysse ◽  
B. Mattiasson
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molecular Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Trace Contaminants ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Trace Concentrations ◽  
Granulated Activated Carbon

This work was conducted to study the potential of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the removal of oestradiol at trace concentrations (1 ppm–1 ppb). An MIP synthesised with 17β-oestradiol as template was compared to non-imprinted polymers (NIP) synthesised under the same conditions but without template, a commercial C18 extraction phase and granulated activated carbon. At 1 ppb oestradiol was recovered by 98±2% when using the MIP, compared to 90±1, 79±1, and 84±2% when using the NIP, a C18 phase, or granulated activated carbon, respectively. According to these levels, the MIP was capable of producing an effluent with a quality 5–10 times higher than the other materials. The same levels of oestradiol recovery were achieved with the MIP when supplying 17β-oestradiol at 0.1 ppm. Phenolic compounds added as interferences bound less to the MIP than to the NIP, confirming the selectivity of the MIP. Oestradiol biodegradation was also demonstrated at high concentrations (50 ppm), showing the pollutants can be safely destructed after being enriched by molecular extraction. This study demonstrates the potential of molecular imprinted polymers as a highly efficient specific adsorbent for the removal of trace contaminants.

Concept of vayu in ayurved and yogshastra – a comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr sunila h deo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Introduction and Background: Yogashastra and Ayurveda are two ancient Indian sciences that have evolved separately over millennia. Many masters have contributed to the growth and development of these sciences and they have produced seminal literature and body of knowledge in both these streams. The goals and objectives of these two sciences differ from each other and accordingly their approaches too differ from each other.  Both in Yogashastra and Ayurveda, the concept of Vayu has very important place. Current effort is undertaken from the viewpoint to unravel the complementary and contradictory aspects and explore the possibility of combining the concepts so as to evolve the holistic approach. Aim: To compare the concept of Vayu as described in Yogashastra and in Ayurveda. Discussion and Results: Yogashstra the concept of Vayus is aimed solely at attaining mastery over the bodily Vayus by following Yogic disciplines to attain Moksha or final emancipation of the soul from the unending cycle of birth and death. This puts the Yogic discussion of Vayus in the realm of highest spiritual practices with the ultimate conceivable goal of human life that can be taught only by the accomplished masters and eligible seekers who fulfil the strictest eligibility criteria stipulated by Yogic discipline. On the other hand in Ayurveda the concept of Vayus is from the perspective of knowing physiology and causes of various diseases and their treatment by means of various therapies and medicines. All these things are essentially corporeal in nature and do have worldly goals to achieve.

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