THE EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND ACTH ON ZINC METABOLISM IN THE SEX GLANDS AND ADRENALS OF THE MALE RAT

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1003-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan D. Rudzik ◽  
Bernard E. Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Zinc Metabolism ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Daily Dose

The effects of hypophysectomy and ACTH administration on the uptake of Zn65 and the concentration of zinc were observed in whole blood, testis, adrenals, and dorsolateral and ventral prostates of the male rat. ACTH was administered to both intact and hypophysectomized animals either as a single dose or as a daily dose over a period of 14 days.Hypophysectomy resulted in a marked decrease in the relative specific activity in all tissues studied. The administration of ACTH, as a single dose, had no significant effect, but, as a daily dose over a period of 14 days, caused significant changes in both intact and hypophysectomized animals.The probability of a relation between the adrenal gland and the sex glands is discussed. Further a relation between adrenal activity and zinc metabolism is discussed.

THE EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND ACTH ON ZINC METABOLISM IN THE SEX GLANDS AND ADRENALS OF THE MALE RAT

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1003-1008
Author(s):  
Allan D. Rudzik ◽  
Bernard E. Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Zinc Metabolism ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Daily Dose

The effects of hypophysectomy and ACTH administration on the uptake of Zn65 and the concentration of zinc were observed in whole blood, testis, adrenals, and dorsolateral and ventral prostates of the male rat. ACTH was administered to both intact and hypophysectomized animals either as a single dose or as a daily dose over a period of 14 days.Hypophysectomy resulted in a marked decrease in the relative specific activity in all tissues studied. The administration of ACTH, as a single dose, had no significant effect, but, as a daily dose over a period of 14 days, caused significant changes in both intact and hypophysectomized animals.The probability of a relation between the adrenal gland and the sex glands is discussed. Further a relation between adrenal activity and zinc metabolism is discussed.

THE EFFECTS OF ADRENALECTOMY AND CORTISONE ON ZINC METABOLISM IN THE SEX GLANDS AND ADRENAL OF THE MALE RAT

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 845-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan D. Rudzik ◽  
Bernard E. Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Daily Treatment ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Zinc Metabolism ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

The effects of adrenalectomy and of cortisone treatment on the uptake of Zn65 and the concentration of zinc were observed in whole blood, adrenals, testis, and dorsolateral and ventral prostates of the rat. Cortisone was administered to both normal and adrenalectomized animals either as a single dose or as a daily dose over a period of 14 days. Zinc concentration was decreased in adrenalectomized animals in the blood and dorsolateral prostate. The incorporation of Zn65 was decreased after adrenalectomy in the testis and dorsolateral prostate. Daily treatment with cortisone resulted in recovery to normal of the zinc concentrations and uptake of Zn65.The adrenal gland was found to contain a relatively large amount of zinc and this concentration was doubled with the chronic administration of cortisone. A single dose of cortisone had no effect on the concentration of zinc but caused an increase in the uptake of Zn65 in the adrenal.

THE EFFECTS OF ADRENALECTOMY AND CORTISONE ON ZINC METABOLISM IN THE SEX GLANDS AND ADRENAL OF THE MALE RAT

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 845-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan D. Rudzik ◽  
Bernard E. Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Daily Treatment ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Zinc Metabolism ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

The effects of adrenalectomy and of cortisone treatment on the uptake of Zn65 and the concentration of zinc were observed in whole blood, adrenals, testis, and dorsolateral and ventral prostates of the rat. Cortisone was administered to both normal and adrenalectomized animals either as a single dose or as a daily dose over a period of 14 days. Zinc concentration was decreased in adrenalectomized animals in the blood and dorsolateral prostate. The incorporation of Zn65 was decreased after adrenalectomy in the testis and dorsolateral prostate. Daily treatment with cortisone resulted in recovery to normal of the zinc concentrations and uptake of Zn65.The adrenal gland was found to contain a relatively large amount of zinc and this concentration was doubled with the chronic administration of cortisone. A single dose of cortisone had no effect on the concentration of zinc but caused an increase in the uptake of Zn65 in the adrenal.

EFFECT OF COLD STRESS ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Soluble P

Observations were made on the effects of cold stress (3° ± 1 °C.) on the concentration of phosphorus and the incorporation of inorganic phosphate labelled with radioactive phosphorus (P32) into the following P-containing fractions in the rat: the inorganic P of the plasma, the inorganic P, 20-min. hydrolyzable P, and total acid-soluble P of the adrenal gland. With short periods of cold stress (2, 3, 6, 24 hr.) there was an increase in the relative specific activity of each of the adrenal fractions, greatest for an exposure of 2–3 hr. and least for 24 hr., with no significant change in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the plasma. With longer periods in the cold (2, 4, 8, 16 days), in addition to the usual increase in adrenal weight, there was an increase in the relative specific activity of each of the three acid-soluble P fractions of the adrenal. The increase in specific activity was not due to a decrease in the concentration of P in any of the fractions.Evidence is presented for the view that this change in the phosphorus metabolism of the adrenal can be interpreted in terms of an increase in the rate at which inorganic P32 passes across the cell membrane, i.e. from the extracellular to the cellular fluid. It is suggested that the change after a short (2–3 hr.) exposure to the cold is brought about by the stimulation of the adrenal cortex by endogenous ACTH from the pituitary. The change after longer (several days) exposures may be related to the function of the thyroid gland.

EFFECT OF COLD STRESS ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Soluble P

Observations were made on the effects of cold stress (3° ± 1 °C.) on the concentration of phosphorus and the incorporation of inorganic phosphate labelled with radioactive phosphorus (P32) into the following P-containing fractions in the rat: the inorganic P of the plasma, the inorganic P, 20-min. hydrolyzable P, and total acid-soluble P of the adrenal gland. With short periods of cold stress (2, 3, 6, 24 hr.) there was an increase in the relative specific activity of each of the adrenal fractions, greatest for an exposure of 2–3 hr. and least for 24 hr., with no significant change in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the plasma. With longer periods in the cold (2, 4, 8, 16 days), in addition to the usual increase in adrenal weight, there was an increase in the relative specific activity of each of the three acid-soluble P fractions of the adrenal. The increase in specific activity was not due to a decrease in the concentration of P in any of the fractions.Evidence is presented for the view that this change in the phosphorus metabolism of the adrenal can be interpreted in terms of an increase in the rate at which inorganic P32 passes across the cell membrane, i.e. from the extracellular to the cellular fluid. It is suggested that the change after a short (2–3 hr.) exposure to the cold is brought about by the stimulation of the adrenal cortex by endogenous ACTH from the pituitary. The change after longer (several days) exposures may be related to the function of the thyroid gland.

PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND ADMINISTRATION OF ACTH ON INCORPORATION OF P32 INTO INORGANIC PHOSPHATE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Riedel ◽  
J. E. Logan ◽  
H. A. DeLuca ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Significant Change

In confirmation of the work of others, the concentration of inorganic phosphate (P) in the plasma of hypophysectomized rats was found to be less than that in the plasma of control animals. Hypophysectomy caused no significant change in the concentration of inorganic P in the adrenal gland or liver. A single intraperitoneal injection of each of two preparations of ACTH failed to cause any significant change in the concentrations of inorganic P in plasma, adrenal, or liver.The specific activity of the inorganic P in the plasma of hypophysectomized rats after an intraperitoneal injection of inorganic P labelled with P32 was greater than that in the control animals. Hypophysectomy caused a decrease in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the adrenal gland relative to that of the inorganic P of the plasma. Each of the two preparations of ACTH, given to the hypophysectomized animals as a single intraperitoneal injection 20 hr. before killing, restored the relative specific activity of the inorganic P of the adrenals to normal values. When the ACTH was administered six hours before killing, one of the preparations (ACTH A) caused an increase in the relative specific activity of the inorganic P of the adrenals, but a second preparation (ACTH C) was without significant effect.The increase in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the plasma comes on slowly (quite small two days after hypophysectomy), whereas the decrease in the relative specific activity of the inorganic P of the adrenal gland comes on rapidly (maximal two days after hypophysectomy). For this reason, at longer time intervals after hypophysectomy (greater than six days) the absolute activity of the acid-soluble P of the adrenal, i.e. the activity not referred to that of the inorganic P of the plasma, was greater in hypophysectomized animals, and not less, as reported by other workers. The activity of this fraction is less in hypophysectomized animals only if the observations are made at short time intervals after removal of the pituitary. Evidence is presented for the view that the increase in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the plasma is the result of changes brought about by a deficiency of growth hormone, whereas the decrease in the relative specific activity of the adrenal is due to a deficiency of ACTH.

PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND ADMINISTRATION OF ACTH ON INCORPORATION OF P32 INTO INORGANIC PHOSPHATE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Riedel ◽  
J. E. Logan ◽  
H. A. DeLuca ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Significant Change

In confirmation of the work of others, the concentration of inorganic phosphate (P) in the plasma of hypophysectomized rats was found to be less than that in the plasma of control animals. Hypophysectomy caused no significant change in the concentration of inorganic P in the adrenal gland or liver. A single intraperitoneal injection of each of two preparations of ACTH failed to cause any significant change in the concentrations of inorganic P in plasma, adrenal, or liver.The specific activity of the inorganic P in the plasma of hypophysectomized rats after an intraperitoneal injection of inorganic P labelled with P32 was greater than that in the control animals. Hypophysectomy caused a decrease in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the adrenal gland relative to that of the inorganic P of the plasma. Each of the two preparations of ACTH, given to the hypophysectomized animals as a single intraperitoneal injection 20 hr. before killing, restored the relative specific activity of the inorganic P of the adrenals to normal values. When the ACTH was administered six hours before killing, one of the preparations (ACTH A) caused an increase in the relative specific activity of the inorganic P of the adrenals, but a second preparation (ACTH C) was without significant effect.The increase in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the plasma comes on slowly (quite small two days after hypophysectomy), whereas the decrease in the relative specific activity of the inorganic P of the adrenal gland comes on rapidly (maximal two days after hypophysectomy). For this reason, at longer time intervals after hypophysectomy (greater than six days) the absolute activity of the acid-soluble P of the adrenal, i.e. the activity not referred to that of the inorganic P of the plasma, was greater in hypophysectomized animals, and not less, as reported by other workers. The activity of this fraction is less in hypophysectomized animals only if the observations are made at short time intervals after removal of the pituitary. Evidence is presented for the view that the increase in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the plasma is the result of changes brought about by a deficiency of growth hormone, whereas the decrease in the relative specific activity of the adrenal is due to a deficiency of ACTH.

THE EFFECT OF ADRENALINE, HISTAMINE, AND PITRESSIN ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 401-406
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
Carolyn Graham
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Valid Index

The relative specific activity of the inorganic phosphorus of the adrenal gland of rats 2 hours after an intraperitoneal injection of inorganic P32 was increased by the administration of adrenaline, histamine, or commercial pitressin. These substances are all known to cause a depletion of the adrenal ascorbic acid. The effect on the adrenal phosphorus metabolism, like the effect on the adrenal ascorbic acid, was absent or greatly reduced in hypophysectomized rats and in rats previously treated with cortisone.In hypophysectomized rats the administration of exogenous ACTH caused an increase in the relative specific activity of the adrenal inorganic P and, again like the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion, this increase was not abolished by previous treatment with cortisone.These results, together with other observations on adrenal phosphorus metabolism previously reported for rats exposed to a cold environment, strongly suggest that the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the adrenal gland is controlled by the same factors that control the depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid. It is, therefore, concluded that the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the adrenal gland is a valid index of the activity of the adrenal cortex.

THE EFFECT OF ADRENALINE, HISTAMINE, AND PITRESSIN ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-406
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
Carolyn Graham
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Valid Index

The relative specific activity of the inorganic phosphorus of the adrenal gland of rats 2 hours after an intraperitoneal injection of inorganic P32 was increased by the administration of adrenaline, histamine, or commercial pitressin. These substances are all known to cause a depletion of the adrenal ascorbic acid. The effect on the adrenal phosphorus metabolism, like the effect on the adrenal ascorbic acid, was absent or greatly reduced in hypophysectomized rats and in rats previously treated with cortisone.In hypophysectomized rats the administration of exogenous ACTH caused an increase in the relative specific activity of the adrenal inorganic P and, again like the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion, this increase was not abolished by previous treatment with cortisone.These results, together with other observations on adrenal phosphorus metabolism previously reported for rats exposed to a cold environment, strongly suggest that the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the adrenal gland is controlled by the same factors that control the depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid. It is, therefore, concluded that the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the adrenal gland is a valid index of the activity of the adrenal cortex.

HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-TESTICULAR SYSTEM AND ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Verjans ◽  
K. B. Eik-Nes
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intramuscular Administration ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Pituitary Secretion ◽  
Slight Elevation

ABSTRACT Effect of intramuscular administration of ACTH or dexamethasone on blood serum levels of testosterone, LH and FSH was examined in intact and castrated, adult, male rats. Six IU ACTH or 1 mg dexamethasone were given daily for 7 days. Corticotrophin treatment had no influence on circulating testosterone, LH and FSH in intact or castrated male rats. Dexamethasone administration resulted in a slight elevation of serum FSH in intact animals but not in castrates. LH and testosterone remained normal in both intact and castrated animals injected with dexamethasone. Under our conditions of study the secretions from the adrenal gland appear to be insignificant for the regulation of pituitary secretion of gonadotrophins in the male rat.

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