ACETYLASPARTIC ACID AND AMMONIA POISONING

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 763-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Du Ruisseau
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The One ◽  
Ammonia Poisoning

Acetylaspartic acid has been followed in nine tissues of normal and ammonia-poisoned rats. This acetylated amino acid is present at high concentrations in normal brain and remains unchanged in ammonia-poisoned brain. Acetylaspartic acid is absent or present in trace amounts in normal liver. It increases appreciably in ammonium acetate poisoning, reaching a peak at death. No change in concentration was detectable in the other tissues examined. There is a correlation between aspartic and acetylaspartic acid in the liver. But no correlation was observed between acetylaspartic acid on the one hand and ammonia and urea on the other. The possible origins of acetylaspartic acid are discussed.

ACETYLASPARTIC ACID AND AMMONIA POISONING

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 763-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Du Ruisseau
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The One ◽  
Ammonia Poisoning

Acetylaspartic acid has been followed in nine tissues of normal and ammonia-poisoned rats. This acetylated amino acid is present at high concentrations in normal brain and remains unchanged in ammonia-poisoned brain. Acetylaspartic acid is absent or present in trace amounts in normal liver. It increases appreciably in ammonium acetate poisoning, reaching a peak at death. No change in concentration was detectable in the other tissues examined. There is a correlation between aspartic and acetylaspartic acid in the liver. But no correlation was observed between acetylaspartic acid on the one hand and ammonia and urea on the other. The possible origins of acetylaspartic acid are discussed.

Transport and exchange diffusion of l-tryptophan in Ehrlich cells

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (5) ◽  
pp. 1063-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Jacquez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Initial Velocity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preliminary Loading ◽  
Exchange Diffusion ◽  
Diaminobutyric Acid ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites Cells ◽  
High Concentrations

The initial velocity of uptake of l-tryptophan by Ehrlich ascites cells can be explained as the sum of two processes: diffusion and an active transport that shows a saturation effect. Azaserine, l-2,4 diaminobutyric acid, l-histidine, and l-leucine, at low concentrations, increase the initial velocity of uptake of l-tryptophan but compete with l-tryptophan at high concentrations. Preliminary loading of the cells with glycine decreases the initial tryptophan flux: preliminary loading of the ascites cells with azaserine or tryptophan markedly increases the initial flux of uptake of the other amino acid.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE OXIDATION AND REDUCTION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES

1927 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Neill ◽  
William L. Fleming ◽  
Emidio L. Gaspari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Product ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Hemolytic Action ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The One

The following modifications of the antigen (pneumococcus hemotoxin) were studied: (1) the hemolytically active (reduced) substance; (2) the hemolytically inactive, reversible oxidation product; (3) the inactive irreversible products formed by treatment With high concentrations of H2O2; (4) the inactive products formed by heat. The antibody-invoking property of the reversibly oxidized form seemed to be identical with that of the original, hemolytically active or reduced form; neither of the other two hemolytically inactive products invoked antibody production. The same modifications of the antigen which exhibited the antibody-invoking property in vivo possessed the antibody-combining property in vitro; and the modifications which lacked the one property also lacked the other. Evidence is presented that the groups of the hemotoxin molecule in which the true antigenic properties are resident are not necessarily altered by processes which inactivate the groupings responsible for the toxic (hemolytic) action of the original antigen. The lack of antigenic properties on the part of the other two hemolytically inactive modifications is evidence that the treatment employed to alter the toxic property of the molecule must be properly chosen to avoid profound changes which affect the antigenically effective groupings. From an immunological point of view, the reversibility of the antigenically effective oxidation product of pneumococcus hemotoxin is important as an index that the loss of toxicity (hemolysis) was accomplished without a profound change in the molecule. The theoretical significance of the antigenicity of non-toxic modifications of toxic antigens is discussed.

scholarly journals NEW MUTATIONAL VARIANTS OF NEUROSPORA NADP-SPECIFIC GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-316
Author(s):  
John A Kinsey ◽  
J R S Fincham ◽  
M A M Siddig ◽  
Margaret Keighren
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tryptophan Residue ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT The am locus of Neurospora codes for NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Four new am mutants that produced mutationally altered GDH have been characterized. Mutant am  119 is a CRM-negative, complementing mutant that maps between am  2 and am  1. The other three mutants are CRM formers that produce varieties of GDH that can be activated by glutamate or succinate. The GDH of am  130 and am  l31 is similar in terms of activation properties to that of am  3. The GDH of am  l22, requires very high concentrations of dicarboxylate for activity. The mutation in am  l30 maps between am  l4 and am  2 and resulted in a replacement at residue 75 of the GDH (pro→ser). The mutation in am  l22 maps near am  ll and apparently resulted in the replacement of the tryptophan residue at position 389 with an unknown amino acid. The mutation in am  l31 maps between am  2 and am  1.

Theoretical interpretation of the decrease of activity of enzyme during its chemical modification

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 2271-2279
Author(s):  
Vladimír Kéry
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Analysis ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Cooperative Effects ◽  
The One

A mathematical description of the decrease of the activity of enzyme during its chemical modification, based on probability theory as well as on chemical kinetics and considering both stochastically independent as well as stochastically dependent chemical modifications of any number of essential amino acid residues of the enzyme is proposed. Two types of the stochastically dependent chemical modifications, i.e. with negative cooperative effects and with positive cooperative effects were studied. A direct correlation was found to exist between the relative decrease of enzyme activity on the one hand and the number of essential amino acid residues as well as their role and relative mutual positions on the other. The procedure derived can be used for computer simulation of curves representing the decrease of the activity of enzyme during its chemical modification or for the nonlinear regression analysis of such curves.

Source attribution of Particulate Matter for Berlin 2016-18, a study using the LOTOS-EUROS CTM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joscha Pültz ◽  
Markus Thürkow ◽  
Sabine Banzhaf ◽  
Richard Kranenburg ◽  
Martijn Schaap
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Heating Degree Days ◽  
The One

<p>Air Quality in Berlin is a particular problem during winter episodes. During this episodes, local emissions are only one factor contributing to the high concentrations. The other factors are the lowered height of the planetary boundary layer and the advection of pollutants, some of which are produced in Eastern Europe. To trace the share of total pollution in Berlin for 2016-18 back to its origins, the Chemistry Transport Model (CTM) LOTOS-EUROS v2.1 (LOng Term Ozone Simulation EURopean Operational Smog, invented by TNO, Netherlands) is used, which also provides a labelling approach. Some specifications were made for the emission datasets used to drive the model, including emission dependencies on temperature (e.g. cold engine starts and heating degree-days for households).</p><p>The model results are evaluated using the German AirBase monitoring sites. An incremental approach (Lenschow et al., 2001) is used for the evaluation and estimation of the urban share of Berlin. The focus is on Particulate Matter (PM): PM10, PM2.5, and the coarse-mode fraction (PM10-PM2.5). Due to the seasonal variability of PM and its composition, seasonal differentiation is investigated. The labelling approach provided in LOTOS-EUROS allows to distinguish between the sources relevant for Berlin’s PM pollution, with the focus of this work on local contributions such as households and traffic on the one hand and regional contributions from Berlin itself and Germany’s Eastern European neighbors (Poland and the Czech Republic) on the other hand.</p><p>This study is in relation to the “Berliner Luftreinhalteplan” (Berlin Clean Air Plan).</p>

The origins and evolution of eukaryotic proteins

1995 ◽  
Vol 349 (1329) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Eukaryotic Proteins ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

The common ancestry of eukaryotes, archaebacteria and eubacteria is well demonstrated by amino acid sequence comparisons of numerous proteins that are common to all three groups. On the other hand, there are a few proteins, like ubiquitin, that are common to eukaryotes and archaebacteria and which have yet to be observed in eubacteria. Some proteins appear to be wholly restricted to eukaryotes; this is especially true of cytoskeletal proteins. Recently, actin has been found by crystallography to be homologous with an ATP-binding domain found in a heat shock protein and several other proteins common to all three urkingdoms. This observation is puzzling on several counts. Most cytoskeletal proteins like actin and tubulin are very slow changing and must have been so for a very long time. How is it, then, that no sequence resemblance can be discerned with their alledged prokaryotic antecedents? The question is addressed by considering two bacterial fts proteins which appear to be related to actin, on the one hand, and tubulin, on the other. One answer may be that the rate of change of these proteins changed dramatically at a key point in their history. Another possibility is that eukaryotes are much older than some of their other proteins indicate.

Studies on the Toxicity Of insecticide Films

1949 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Water Lily ◽  
Continuous Contact ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The One ◽  
Glass Surfaces ◽  
Film Form

Experiments are described in which the concentration-time-mortality relationships with certain insects were investigated for the insecticides DDT and γ-BHC, the insecticides being used in film form. Adults of Tribolium castaneum, the larvae of Plutella maculipennis and adults of the Aphid, Macrosiphoniella sanborni, were used as test insects. T. castaneum proved the most suitable insect for experimental laboratory work on films, since it can be kept in continuous contact with them without difficulty.A description is given of the techniques employed for T. castaneum and also for the other insects which are able to progress on perpendicular glass surfaces. Techniques are described for experiments in which attempts were made to eliminate as far as possible the fumigation effect of γ-BHC and to differentiate it from that of direct contact. The fumigation effect of this compound is considerable and it appears impossible to eliminate it entirely.With T. castaneum the characteristic curves connecting log. concentration with percentage mortality varies with time of exposure, from horizontal lines showing on the one hand zero toxicity and, on the other, complete mortality at all concentrations. Sigmoid curves are represented between these limits. The average survival period of T. castaneum adults gradually decreases with the strength of poison in the film.The surface upon which toxic films are deposited was shown in preliminary experiments to have a definite bearing upon their effectiveness. Waxed surfaces showed least toxicity, and amongst a few leaves used Geum gave the highest and water lily, at lower critical concentrations, the least effect. High concentrations on water lily were little different from others in toxic action.

THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF CYTOCHROMEcIN RELATION TO ITS FUNCTION AND EVOLUTION

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Margoliash
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Cytochromes C ◽  
The One ◽  
Structural Aspects

A comparison of the amino acid sequences of the cytochromes c from horse, pig, rabbit, chicken, and man leads to the conclusion that all have derived phylogenetically from a common primordial cytochrome c. The significance of the constant and of the variable features of these sequences with regard, on the one hand, to the structural aspects of the functional activities of the protein, and on the other, to the evolutionary relations between the various cytochromes c is discussed.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document