THE ACTION OF NORMAL AND ATYPICAL CHOLINESTERASE OF HUMAN SERUM UPON A SERIES OF ESTERS OF CHOLINE

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Davies ◽  
A. V. Marton ◽  
W. Kalow
Keyword(s):  
Normal Type ◽  
Choline Esters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Michaelis Constants ◽  
Normal Enzyme ◽  
Atypical Cholinesterase ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Individual Human ◽  
Support Evidence

The results of a comparison of the actions of individual human sera support evidence previously obtained for the existence of two different types of pseudocholinesterase in man. Maximum rates of hydrolysis of choline esters by human sera containing the normal type of cholinesterase were two to four times greater than the maximum rates obtained with sera containing atypical esterase. Human sera with the normal type of cholinesterase hydrolyzed butyrylcholine at a considerably faster rate than pentanoylcholine; atypical esterase hydrolyzed pentanoylcholine at approximately the same rate as butyrylcholine. All Michaelis constants for the normal enzyme were lower than those for the atypical enzyme by a factor which varied from 1.4 to 6.4. The data were compatible with the assumption of a linear relationship between the log of the Michaelis constants and the number of acyl carbons in the choline esters, but the slopes differed significantly for the two enzymes. For a homologous series of choline esters, there was no correlation between rates of hydrolysis and Michaelis constants.

THE ACTION OF NORMAL AND ATYPICAL CHOLINESTERASE OF HUMAN SERUM UPON A SERIES OF ESTERS OF CHOLINE

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Davies ◽  
A. V. Marton ◽  
W. Kalow
Keyword(s):  
Normal Type ◽  
Choline Esters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Michaelis Constants ◽  
Normal Enzyme ◽  
Atypical Cholinesterase ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Individual Human ◽  
Support Evidence

The results of a comparison of the actions of individual human sera support evidence previously obtained for the existence of two different types of pseudocholinesterase in man. Maximum rates of hydrolysis of choline esters by human sera containing the normal type of cholinesterase were two to four times greater than the maximum rates obtained with sera containing atypical esterase. Human sera with the normal type of cholinesterase hydrolyzed butyrylcholine at a considerably faster rate than pentanoylcholine; atypical esterase hydrolyzed pentanoylcholine at approximately the same rate as butyrylcholine. All Michaelis constants for the normal enzyme were lower than those for the atypical enzyme by a factor which varied from 1.4 to 6.4. The data were compatible with the assumption of a linear relationship between the log of the Michaelis constants and the number of acyl carbons in the choline esters, but the slopes differed significantly for the two enzymes. For a homologous series of choline esters, there was no correlation between rates of hydrolysis and Michaelis constants.

DISTRIBUTION OF HEXOSAMINE IN ELEGTROPHORETIC FRACTIONS OF AVIAN, BOVINE, PORCINE, AND HUMAN SERA

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Gaunce ◽  
P. A. Anastassiadis
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Cationic Resin ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Direct Hydrolysis

The distribution of hexosamine among the proteins of avian, bovine, porcine, and human blood sera was studied by electrophoresis on filter paper. Hexosamine was determined after direct hydrolysis of stained sections of the paper, followed by chromatography of hydrolysates on cationic resin. Some substantial and statistically significant differences in hexosamine and protein contents of the zones were found among species.

The Human Factor of Cybercrime

2021 ◽  
pp. 089443932110115
Author(s):  
Benoît Dupont ◽  
Thomas Holt
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies ◽  
Societal Dimensions ◽  
Individual Human

This volume highlights the central role of the human factor in cybercrime and the need to develop a more interdisciplinary research agenda to understand better the constant evolution of online harms and craft more effective responses. The term “human factor” is understood very broadly and encompasses individual, institutional, and societal dimensions. It covers individual human behaviors and the social structures that enable collective action by groups and communities of various sizes, as well as the different types of institutional assemblages that shape societal responses. This volume is organized around three general themes whose complementary perspectives allow us to map the complex interplay between offenders, machines, and victims, moving beyond static typologies to offer a more dynamic analysis of the cybercrime ecology and its underlying behaviors. The contributions use quantitative and qualitative methodologies and bring together researchers from the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Denmark, Australia, and Canada.

scholarly journals Enzyme-catalyzed reactions in different types of high-pressure enzymatic reactors

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Mateja Primozic ◽  
Maja Habulin ◽  
Muzafera Paljevac ◽  
Zeljko Knez
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Humicola Insolens ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of carboxy-methyl cellulose (CMC) was performed in three different types of reactors; in a batch stirred-tank reactor (BSTR) operating at atmospheric pressure, in a high-pressure batch stirred-tank reactor (HP BSTR) and in a high-pressure continuous tubular-membrane reactor (HP CTMR). In the high-pressure reactors aqueous SC CO2 was used as the reaction medium. The aim of our research was optimization of the reaction parameters for reaction performance. All the reactions were catalyzed by cellulase from Humicola insolens. Glucose production in the high-pressure batch stirred-tank reactor was faster than in the BSTR at atmospheric pressure. The optimal temperature for the reaction performed in the BSTR at atmospheric pressure was 30?C, while the optimal temperature for the reaction performed in SC CO2 was 32?C. The influence of the application of tubular ceramic membranes in the high-pressure reaction system was studied on the model reaction of CMC hydrolysis at atmospheric pressure and in SC CO2. The reaction was catalyzed by cellulase from Humicola insolens covalently linked to the surface of the ceramic membrane. The hydrolysis of CMC in SC CO2 and at atmospheric pressure was performed for a long time period. The reaction carried out in SC CO2 was more productive than the reaction performed at atmospheric pressure.

scholarly journals Combination of Autohydrolysis and Catalytic Hydrolysis of Biomass for the Production of Hemicellulose Oligosaccharides and Sugars

Reactions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
Léa Vilcocq ◽  
Agnès Crepet ◽  
Patrick Jame ◽  
Florbela Carvalheiro ◽  
Luis C. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Catalytic Hydrolysis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hemicellulosic Sugars ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Three different types of biomass sourced from forestry waste (eucalyptus residues), agricultural waste (wheat straw), and energy crop (miscanthus) were used as starting materials to produce hemicellulosic sugars, furans (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural), and oligosaccharides. A two-step hybrid process was implemented; biomass was first autohydrolysed without any additive to extract hemicelluloses and dissolve it in water. Then, the hydrolysate was treated with a solid acid catalyst, TiO2-WOx, in order to achieve hydrolysis and produce monomeric sugars and furans. This article investigates the role of the biomass type, autohydrolysis experimental conditions, polymerisation degree and composition of hemicelluloses on the performance of the process coupling autohydrolysis and catalytic hydrolysis. The highest global yields of both oligosaccharides and monomeric sugars were obtained from Eucalyptus (37% and 18%, respectively).

scholarly journals INDIVIDUAL HUMAN SERA RESPONSE AGAINST PROTEIN EXTRACTS FROM SALIVARY GLAND OF Aedes aegypti

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Rike Oktarianti ◽  
Kartika Senjarini ◽  
Fatchiyah . ◽  
Aulani’am .
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Dengue Viruses ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Immunogenic Proteins ◽  
Hematophagous Arthropods ◽  
Individual Human

The saliva of hematophagous arthropods contains a complex mixture of biologically active proteins. These proteins may modify hemostatic responses and induce both cellular immunity and the production of specific antibodies, and thus influence the transmission of its pathogens from arthropods vector to human host. Aedes aegypti is the main vector for transmission of dengue viruses into human. The objective of this study was to examine individual human sera response against protein extracts from salivary gland of Ae aegypti that mediate the infection of dengue viruses. We did a cross reaction test of human sera from healthy people in endemic and non-endemic area, and dengue patients againts SGE of Ae. aegypti to distinguish and to identify the immunogenic proteins using Western Blot Analysis. About 15 protein bands of SGE from Ae. aegypti ranging from 15 kDa up to 255 kDa were identified on 12% SDS-PAGE. Seven dominant bands were detected, i.e ~255, 56, 42, 31, 27, 26 and 15 kDa. Two immunogenic proteins, as represented by two bands, i.e. ~31 and 56 kDa were found only in samples from people who were previously exposed to mosquitoes bites, and not in people who had not been exposed. Therefore, these immunogenic salivary proteins may serve as indicators for the immune response in human against protein from salivary gland of Ae. aegypti.Keywords: immunogenic proteins, salivary gland, Aedes aegypti

Parallel mechanisms in acetylcholinesterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of choline esters

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (23) ◽  
pp. 10477-10482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Selwood ◽  
Shawn R. Feaster ◽  
Michael J. States ◽  
Alton N. Pryor ◽  
Daniel M. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Mechanisms ◽  
Choline Esters ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

HYDROLYSIS OF CHOLINE ESTERS IN THE PRESENCE OF ADRENALIN

1949 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur M. Benson ◽  
Walter J. Meek
Keyword(s):  
Choline Esters ◽  
Hydrolysis Of
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