THE PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHIC FRACTIONATION OF PLANT STERYL ESTERS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kuksis ◽  
J. M. R. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Ester ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Aqueous Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Steryl Esters ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Potential Tool ◽  
Acid Esters

The even-numbered C2–C22saturated and the C18-unsaturated fatty acid esters of beta- and gamma-sitosterol, stiginasterol, ergosterol, stigmastanol, and gamma-sitostanol were used separately and in model mixtures for the evaluation of existing and the development of new paper chromatographic methods for the separation and identification of these compounds. Satisfactory separations of the esters were obtained by the ascending reversed phase chromatography on cellulose or glass fiber paper using one of the following systems depending upon the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid moiety of the ester: C2–C12, aqueous acetic acid/chloroform/paraffin oil; C8–C18, aqueous propionic acid/paraffin oil; C8–C22, acidified aqueous methanol/chloroform/paraffin oil or aqueous butyric acid/paraffin oil. The rate of migration of the esters was inversely proportional to the molecular weight and was increased by the introduction of unsaturation.The increased movement due to unsaturation has been correlated with the number of ethylenic hydrogens, and the possibility that polarity of these atoms might account for this phenomenon is discussed. The reversed phase paper partition chromatography of sterols as their esters is suggested as a potential tool for evaluation of polarity of the various attributes of the sterol nucleus in terms of the chain length of the ester fatty acid. The rule of independent contributions of the constituents of a molecule to its distribution isotherm was observed not to hold in this fatty ester series.

THE PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHIC FRACTIONATION OF PLANT STERYL ESTERS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kuksis ◽  
J. M. R. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Ester ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Aqueous Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Steryl Esters ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Potential Tool ◽  
Acid Esters

The even-numbered C2–C22saturated and the C18-unsaturated fatty acid esters of beta- and gamma-sitosterol, stiginasterol, ergosterol, stigmastanol, and gamma-sitostanol were used separately and in model mixtures for the evaluation of existing and the development of new paper chromatographic methods for the separation and identification of these compounds. Satisfactory separations of the esters were obtained by the ascending reversed phase chromatography on cellulose or glass fiber paper using one of the following systems depending upon the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid moiety of the ester: C2–C12, aqueous acetic acid/chloroform/paraffin oil; C8–C18, aqueous propionic acid/paraffin oil; C8–C22, acidified aqueous methanol/chloroform/paraffin oil or aqueous butyric acid/paraffin oil. The rate of migration of the esters was inversely proportional to the molecular weight and was increased by the introduction of unsaturation.The increased movement due to unsaturation has been correlated with the number of ethylenic hydrogens, and the possibility that polarity of these atoms might account for this phenomenon is discussed. The reversed phase paper partition chromatography of sterols as their esters is suggested as a potential tool for evaluation of polarity of the various attributes of the sterol nucleus in terms of the chain length of the ester fatty acid. The rule of independent contributions of the constituents of a molecule to its distribution isotherm was observed not to hold in this fatty ester series.

Separation and determination of polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters in cosmetics by a reversed-phase HPLC/ELSD

Talanta ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1615-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Hwa Lee ◽  
Eun Sook Jeong ◽  
Hwang Eui Cho ◽  
Dong-Cheul Moon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Reversed Phase Hplc ◽  
Acid Esters

scholarly journals Moose and Caribou as Novel Sources of Functional Lipids: Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids, Diglycerides and Monoacetyldiglycerides

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thu Pham ◽  
Natalia Vidal ◽  
Charles Manful ◽  
Tiffany Fillier ◽  
Ryley Pumphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Molecular Species Composition ◽  
Acid Esters

Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA), diglycerides (DG) and monoacetyldiglycerides (MAcDG) are gaining interest as functional lipids in pharmaceuticals and functional food formulations for managing and treating metabolic or inflammatory diseases. Herein, we investigated whether the antler and/or meat of two Cervids (moose and caribou) are novel sources of FAHFA, DG and MAcDG. We observed FAHFA present in moose and caribou composed mainly of polyunsaturated families, and that the esterification occurred frequently at the C5-hydroxy fatty acid moiety, most noticeably arachidonic acid 5-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (ARA-5-HERA). Moose antler, caribou and moose meat also contained significant levels of both 1,2-DG and 1,3-DG lipids. The 1,3-DG molecular species consisted mainly of 16:0/18:1, 18:0/16:0, and 18:0/18:1. On the other hand, major 1,2-DG species consisted of DG 18:0/18:0, 16:0/16:0 and 18:1/18:1 molecular species with higher levels in the antler compared to the meat. The molecular species composition of MAcDG was very simple and consisted of 14:2/18:2/2:0, 16:0/18:2/2:0, 16:0/18:1/2:0 and 18:0/18:1/2:0 with the first species 14:2/18:2/2:0 predominating in the tip of moose antlers. Increasing access to and knowledge of the presence of these functional lipids in foods will enhance their intake in the diet with potential implications in improving personal and population health.

The Use of Argentation Chromatography for the Analysis of Fatty Acid Esters of Polyenes: The Structure of Carotenoid Esters of Aglais urticae (Lepidoptera, Insecta)

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Preparative Scale ◽  
Argentation Chromatography ◽  
Acid Esters

Abstract Argentation Thin-layer systems for argentation chromatography of fatty-acid esters of carotenoids have been developed. As two-dimensional reversed-phase partition system on paraffine impregnated cellulose this method permits a clear discrimination between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. By adsorption on silver nitrate containing silica gel-G separation of carotenoid esters according to the degree of unsaturation of their fatty acids was established. With the use of known esters for comparison the fatty acids of whole carotenoid esters can be successfully analysed from minute amounts. Using these methods the carotenoid esters of pupae of Aglais urticae have been studied. The pupae contain 5.3% β-carotene, 46% lutein diester, 7.8% lutein 3-monoester, 11.7% lutein 3′-mono-ester, and 29.2% unesterified lutein. The fatty acids of the esters are linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3) only. The diester fraction was composed of 70% dilinolenate, 25% linolenate-linoleate, and 5% dilinoleate. The combined monoesters consisted of 81% linolenate and 19% linoleate. The two main diesters could be isolated in a preparative scale and their structure verified by mass spectrometry. On the whole, in Aglais pupae 6.2 μg linolenic acid and 1.4 μg linoleic acid are bound to lutein. Since polyunsaturated fatty acids are of dietary origin, and represent essential factors for insect development, it is concluded, that their esterification with carotenoids may be a mode of storage comparable to the formation of glycerides.

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC FRACTIONATION OF NATURAL STERYL ESTER MIXTURES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kuksis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Steryl Esters ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Methylene Unit ◽  
The Common ◽  
Acid Esters

Synthetic and naturally occurring mixtures of fatty acid esters of cholesterol and plant sterols were separated by gas chromatography under the conditions previously described for triglyceride fractionation. The separations obtained were based primarily on the molecular weight or carbon number of the material, a difference of one methylene unit either in the fatty acid or the sterol side chain being usually sufficient for a complete resolution. Under isothermal conditions, however, partial separations could also be brought about between certain esters differing only in the unsaturation of the fatty acid moiety. Using weighed mixtures of synthetic steryl esters proportionally correct quantitative recoveries were demonstrated for both cholesterol and plant sterol esters of the common fatty acids.

Development of the determination methods of fatty acid esters of chloropropanediols in fat-rich foods

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Xiaobo YAN ◽  
Shaoming WU ◽  
Nan LI ◽  
Huadong LV ◽  
Wusheng FU
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Determination Methods ◽  
Acid Esters

Mesomorphic Behaviour of Saturated and Monounsaturated C18 and C22 Fatty Acid Esters of Cholesterol

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-840
Author(s):  
Slavomír Pirkl
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Aliphatic Esters ◽  
Acid Esters

The phase transitions and effective optical rotary power of saturated and monounsaturated aliphatic esters of cholesterol with 18 and 22 carbon atoms in the chain have been described. The effect of cis/trans isomerism on these properties is discussed.

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