THE INCORPORATION OF C14-LABELLED FORMATE INTO THE TISSUE NUCLEIC ACIDS OF RATS BEARING THE NOVIKOFF HEPATOMA

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1185-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Zbarsky ◽  
Aiko Hori ◽  
Barbara S. Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Cell Renewal ◽  
Novikoff Hepatoma ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Purines And Pyrimidines

A study was made of the incorporation in vivo of C14-labelled formate into purines and pyrimidines of the nucleic acids of various tissues of normal rats and rats bearing the Novikoff hepatoma. The purines of the intestinal mucosa and the hepatoma had the highest specific activities, followed in descending order by those of spleen, kidney, testes, and liver. The pyrimidines of the mucosa and hepatoma also exhibited comparatively high specific activities. It was felt that the incorporation of radioactivity by a given tissue was related to its rate of cell renewal and that the present findings did not indicate a difference between tumor and normal tissue with respect to mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of the nucleic acids. The results indicated that the tissue nucleic acids of the tumor-bearing animals incorporated more radioactivity than did those of normal rats. Chemical degradation of the radioactive purines showed that part of the radioactivity was derived from the injected C14-formate and part from C14O2 formed by metabolic oxidation of the formate.

THE INCORPORATION OF C14-LABELLED FORMATE INTO THE TISSUE NUCLEIC ACIDS OF RATS BEARING THE NOVIKOFF HEPATOMA

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1185-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Zbarsky ◽  
Aiko Hori ◽  
Barbara S. Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Cell Renewal ◽  
Novikoff Hepatoma ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Purines And Pyrimidines

A study was made of the incorporation in vivo of C14-labelled formate into purines and pyrimidines of the nucleic acids of various tissues of normal rats and rats bearing the Novikoff hepatoma. The purines of the intestinal mucosa and the hepatoma had the highest specific activities, followed in descending order by those of spleen, kidney, testes, and liver. The pyrimidines of the mucosa and hepatoma also exhibited comparatively high specific activities. It was felt that the incorporation of radioactivity by a given tissue was related to its rate of cell renewal and that the present findings did not indicate a difference between tumor and normal tissue with respect to mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of the nucleic acids. The results indicated that the tissue nucleic acids of the tumor-bearing animals incorporated more radioactivity than did those of normal rats. Chemical degradation of the radioactive purines showed that part of the radioactivity was derived from the injected C14-formate and part from C14O2 formed by metabolic oxidation of the formate.

scholarly journals THE INCORPORATION OF FORMATE-C14 INTO THE NUCLEIC ACIDS OF RATS WITH REGENERATING LIVER AND NOVIKOFF HEPATOMA

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1405-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Nixon ◽  
S. H. Zbarsky
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Regenerating Liver ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Novikoff Hepatoma ◽  
Mitotic Frequency ◽  
Host Tissues

A study was made of the incorporation in vivo of formate-C14 into the purines and thymine of regenerating liver and Novikoff hepatoma in the rat, during the period of maximum mitotic activity of these tissues. The effects of these tissues on one another and on certain host tissues were also studied. The maximum mitotic frequency of Novikoff hepatoma was observed on the 4th day of growth following transplantation. This tumor caused a decrease in formate incorporation into the nucleic acid purines and thymine of the host's spleen and intestinal mucosa but had little effect on liver. The results also indicated that the uptake of formate by the RNA adenine of spleen and intestinal mucosa and the DNA thymine of intestinal mucosa was diminished by the presence of regenerating liver. The simultaneous presence of both regenerating liver and Novikoff hepatoma generally lowered the incorporation of formate-C14 into the nucleic acids of the host spleen and intestinal mucosa. It was observed further that the utilization of formate by the nucleic acids of Novikoff hepatoma and regenerating rat liver was decreased in animals containing both of these rapidly dividing tissues.

scholarly journals THE INCORPORATION OF FORMATE-C14 INTO THE NUCLEIC ACIDS OF RATS WITH REGENERATING LIVER AND NOVIKOFF HEPATOMA

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1405-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Nixon ◽  
S. H. Zbarsky
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Regenerating Liver ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Novikoff Hepatoma ◽  
Mitotic Frequency ◽  
Host Tissues

A study was made of the incorporation in vivo of formate-C14 into the purines and thymine of regenerating liver and Novikoff hepatoma in the rat, during the period of maximum mitotic activity of these tissues. The effects of these tissues on one another and on certain host tissues were also studied. The maximum mitotic frequency of Novikoff hepatoma was observed on the 4th day of growth following transplantation. This tumor caused a decrease in formate incorporation into the nucleic acid purines and thymine of the host's spleen and intestinal mucosa but had little effect on liver. The results also indicated that the uptake of formate by the RNA adenine of spleen and intestinal mucosa and the DNA thymine of intestinal mucosa was diminished by the presence of regenerating liver. The simultaneous presence of both regenerating liver and Novikoff hepatoma generally lowered the incorporation of formate-C14 into the nucleic acids of the host spleen and intestinal mucosa. It was observed further that the utilization of formate by the nucleic acids of Novikoff hepatoma and regenerating rat liver was decreased in animals containing both of these rapidly dividing tissues.

Activation of isolated heterophils from chicks stimulated in vivo with salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 760-761
Author(s):  
R. B. Moyes ◽  
R. E. Droleskey ◽  
M. H. Kogut ◽  
J. R. DeLoach
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Egg Products ◽  
Immune Lymphokines ◽  
Organ Invasion

Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is of great concern to the poultry industry due to the organism's ability to penetrate the intestinal mucosa of the laying hen and subsequently colonize the ovaries and yolk membrane. The resultant subclinical infection can lead to SE infection of raw eggs and egg products. Interference with the ability of the organism to invade has been linked to the activation and recruitment of inflammatory polymorphonuclear cells, heterophils, to the lamina propria of the intestinal tract.Recently it has been established that heterophil activation and increased resistance to SE organ invasion can be accomplished by the administration of SE-immune lymphokines (SE-ILK) obtained from supernatants of concanavalin-A stimulated SE immune T lymphocytes from SE hyperimmunized hens. Invasion of SE into the lamina propria provides a secondary signal for directing activated heterophils to the site of SE invasion.

Clinical Evaluation of Radio-Labelled Bleomycin for Tumor Detection

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (06) ◽  
pp. 238-248
Author(s):  
H. Beekhuis ◽  
M.A.P.C. van de Poll ◽  
A. Versluis ◽  
H. Jurjens ◽  
M.G. Woldring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Tumor Detection ◽  
Neutral Solution ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Tumor Bearing

Investigations with bleomycin labelled with radionuclides other than 57Co in patients with cancer and in tumor-bearing animals are described. In patients 57Co-bleo appears to be a better tumor-seeking radiopharmaceutical than 111In-bleo, 99mTc-bleo or 197Hg-bleo. This can be explained by a higher stability in vivo and a better tumor-seeking property of 57Co-bleo and less disturbing activity in the cardiac pool and in bone and other normal tissues when assessing the scintigram.Results with 111In-bleo labelled in acidic solution are not essentially different from those with 111In-bleo labelled in neutral solution.Results of 197Hg-bleo are almost identical with those of 197HgCl2 regarding the tumor-seeking effect as well as the distribution in normal tissues and organs. Probably the complex of 197Hg to bleomycin is not stable in vivo. The superiority of 57Co-bleo over 99mTc-bleo, 197Hg-bleo and also over 67Cu-bleo is confirmed by experiments on tumor bearing animals.We may conclude that the indication for use of bleomycin as a tumor-seeking pharmaceutical labelled with 111In, 99mTc, 197Hg or 67Cu seems to be very limited.

A Comparative Study of the in vivo Distribution of 32P-Polyphosphates and 32P-Orthophosphate

1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Esther Miller ◽  
Leopoldo Anghileri
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
In Vivo Distribution ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Total Body

SummaryThe distribution of 32P-polyphosphates (lineal and cross-linked) and 32Porthophosphate in normal and tumor bearing animals has been studied. Differences between the cross-linked and the lineal form are related to a different degree of susceptibility to the hydrolysis by the phosphatases. In contrast to orthophosphate, the polyphosphates showed a lower accumulation in soft tissues which gives an advantageous reduction of the total body radiation dose.

57Co-Hematoporphyrin Accumulation by Experimental Tumors

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 183-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Anghileri ◽  
M. Heidbreder ◽  
R. Mathes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tumors ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
In Vivo Distribution

SummaryThe in vivo distribution of 57Co-hematoporphyrin in adenocarcinoma BW10232-bearing mice has been studied. Tumor-bearing and normal animals exhibit similar patterns of radioactivity accumulation. Twenty-four hours after the administration of the radiocompound the ratios tumor to blood and tumor to muscle indicate a potential value of this radioactive porphyrin for the detection of some types of tumor.

Exosome as a Natural Gene Delivery Vector for Cancer Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 821-830
Author(s):  
Prasad Pofali ◽  
Adrita Mondal ◽  
Vaishali Londhe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Gene Carrier ◽  
Gene Delivery Vector ◽  
Delivery Vector

Background: Current gene therapy vectors such as viral, non-viral, and bacterial vectors, which are used for cancer treatment, but there are certain safety concerns and stability issues of these conventional vectors. Exosomes are the vesicles of size 40-100 nm secreted from multivesicular bodies into the extracellular environment by most of the cell types in-vivo and in-vitro. As a natural nanocarrier, exosomes are immunologically inert, biocompatible, and can cross biological barriers like the blood-brain barrier, intestinal barrier, and placental barrier. Objective: This review focusses on the role of exosome as a carrier to efficiently deliver a gene for cancer treatment and diagnosis. The methods for loading of nucleic acids onto the exosomes, advantages of exosomes as a smart intercellular shuttle for gene delivery and therapeutic applications as a gene delivery vector for siRNA, miRNA and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and also the limitations of exosomes as a gene carrier are all reviewed in this article. Methods: Mostly, electroporation and chemical transfection are used to prepare gene loaded exosomes. Results: Exosome-mediated delivery is highly promising and advantageous in comparison to the current delivery methods for systemic gene therapy. Targeted exosomes, loaded with therapeutic nucleic acids, can efficiently promote the reduction of tumor proliferation without any adverse effects. Conclusion: In the near future, exosomes can become an efficient gene carrier for delivery and a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

In vivo Monitoring of Oxygen Levels in Human Brain Tumor Between Fractionated Radiotherapy Using Oxygen-enhanced MR Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-432
Author(s):  
Junchao Qian ◽  
Xiang Yu ◽  
Bingbing Li ◽  
Zhenle Fei ◽  
Xiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Tissue Oxygen ◽  
Human Brain Tumor ◽  
Fractionated Radiotherapy ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Oxygen Breathing

Background:: It was known that the response of tumor cells to radiation is closely related to tissue oxygen level and fractionated radiotherapy allows reoxygenation of hypoxic tumor cells. Non-invasive mapping of tissue oxygen level may hold great importance in clinic. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of oxygen-enhanced MR imaging in the detection of tissue oxygen levels between fractionated radiotherapy. Methods: A cohort of 10 patients with brain metastasis was recruited. Quantitative oxygen enhanced MR imaging was performed prior to, 30 minutes and 22 hours after first fractionated radiotherapy. Results: The ΔR1 (the difference of longitudinal relaxivity between 100% oxygen breathing and air breathing) increased in the ipsilateral tumor site and normal tissue by 242% and 152%, respectively, 30 minutes after first fractionated radiation compared to pre-radiation levels. Significant recovery of ΔR1 in the contralateral normal tissue (p < 0.05) was observed 22 hours compared to 30 minutes after radiation levels. Conclusion: R1-based oxygen-enhanced MR imaging may provide a sensitive endogenous marker for oxygen changes in the brain tissue between fractionated radiotherapy.

Evaluation of New 99mTc(CO)3 + Radiolabeled Glycylglycine In Vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1382-1387
Author(s):  
Ahmet M. Şenışık ◽  
Çiğdem İçhedef ◽  
Ayfer Y. Kılçar ◽  
Eser Uçar ◽  
Kadir Arı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Radiolabeled Peptides ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Biodistribution Data ◽  
Good Accordance ◽  
Rapid Clearance

Background: Peptide-based agents are used in molecular imaging due to their unique properties, such as rapid clearance from the circulation, high affinity and target selectivity. Many of the radiolabeled peptides have been clinically experienced with diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo biological behavior of [99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ radiolabeled glycylglycine (GlyGly). Methods: Glycylglycine was radiolabeled with a high radiolabeling yield of 94.69±2%, and quality control of the radiolabeling process was performed by thin layer radiochromatography (TLRC) and High-Performance Liquid Radiochromatography (HPLRC). Lipophilicity study for radiolabeled complex (99mTc(CO)3-Gly-Gly) was carried out using solvent extraction. The in vivo evaluation was performed by both biodistribution and SPECT imaging. Results: The high radiolabelling yield of 99mTc(CO)3-GlyGly was obtained and verified by TLRC and HPLRC as well. According to the in vivo results, SPECT images and biodistribution data are in good accordance. The excretion route from the body was both hepatobiliary and renal. Conclusion: This study shows that 99mTc(CO)3-GlyGly has the potential to be used as a peptide-based imaging agent. Further studies, 99mTc(CO)3-GlyGly can be performed on tumor-bearing animals.

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